共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Insecticide sprays were applied to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) populations carrying various combinations of three insecticide resistance mechanisms (esterase-based metabolic resistance and two target site mechanisms, known as MACE and kdr), supported on host plants growing in field simulator cages. The study showed that MACE confers extreme resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate (carbamate insecticides) but not to deltamethrin + heptenophos (16 + 1) (Decisquick) or dimethoate (an organophosphorus insecticide). Resistance to dimethoate depends solely on levels of esterase-based resistance, while resistance to Decisquick depends on kdr and esterase. None of the four insecticides is effective against aphids carrying MACE combined with extreme esterase-based resistance. This knowledge, in association with current monitoring of the mechanisms, will play an important role in making decisions on insecticide use against M persicae in the UK. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
Proinsecticides effective against insecticide-resistant peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer))
Douglas Hedley Bhupinder P. S. Khambay Antony M. Hooper Richard D. Thomas Alan L. Devonshire 《Pest management science》1998,53(3):201-208
A range of potential proinsecticides was synthesised and tested against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). They were all esters of compounds known to be toxic or pharmacologically active, and were designed to have increased lipophilicity and to be subject to more rapid activation by hydrolysis in resistant than in susceptible aphids due to the increased amount of esterase present in the resistant clones. The most potent toxins were esters of monofluoroacetic acid. When applied topically, the toxicity of these esters to M. persicae was directly proportional to the esterase content of the aphids. Such compounds would not be suitable as commercial insecticides, but the results serve to illustrate the potential benefits of exploiting a resistance mechanism against one class of compounds to render another class more toxic, i.e. to design compounds that show negative cross-resistance. © 1998 SCI 相似文献
3.
Linda M. Field Amanda P. Anderson Ian Denholm Stephen P. Foster Zoë K. Harling Naghmy Javed David Martinez-Torres Graham D. Moores Martin S. Williamson Alan L. Devonshire 《Pest management science》1997,51(3):283-289
The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) can resist a range of insecticides by over-producing detoxifying esterase and having mutant-insensitive forms of the target proteins, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the sodium channel. Using a combination of bioassays, biochemical and DNA diagnostics, it is now possible to diagnose all three mechanisms in individual aphids, and thereby establish their spatial distributions and temporal dynamics. A survey of 58 samples of wide geographic origin showed that all 46 resistant clones had amplified esterase genes (E4 or FE4) conferring broad-spectrum resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates. These occurred in combination with insensitive AChE (11 clones), conferring resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate, and/or mutant sodium channel genes (25 clones), conferring knockdown (kdr) resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. Amplified esterase genes were in linkage disequilibrium with both insensitive AChE and the kdr mutation, reflecting tight physical linkage, heavy selection favouring aphids with multiple mechanisms, and/or the prominence of parthenogenesis in many M. persicae populations. An ability to monitor individual mechanisms with contrasting cross-resistance profiles has important implications for the development of resistance management recommendations. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
4.
Myzus persicae samples were collected from populations present on a range of field crops between 1997 and 2000. A combination of biochemical, DNA-based diagnostics and bioassays was used to assess the presence of three insecticide resistance mechanisms: elevated carboxylesterase (E4 or FE4), insensitive acetylcholinesterase and insensitive sodium channels (knockdown resistance, kdr). For the carboxylesterases, both the levels of enzyme and the type of gene present (E4 or FE4) were determined. The results showed that during the time period studied there was a dramatic reduction in the proportion of aphids with very high levels of E4 and an increase in those with lower levels of FE4. There was also a slightly different E4 gene present in a limited number of samples. The change in esterase genes was accompanied by a virtual loss of the insensitive AChE variant and a maintenance of aphids with kdr. The selection pressures and other factors leading to these changes in field populations of M persicae are discussed. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
兰州市桃蚜抗药性监测及治理对策研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以甘肃省宕昌县桃蚜为敏感种群,测定了兰州、永登等地桃蚜对6种杀虫剂抗药性。结果表明兰州市安宁区桃蚜对溴氰菊酯已产生低水平抗性(6.84倍),对氰戊菊酯则处于耐药力增高或敏感性降低阶段,对灭多威、敌敌畏、氧乐果和乐果已显示出早期抗性;永登县桃蚜对溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯处于敏感性降低阶段,对灭多威、敌敌畏、氧乐果和乐果仍属敏感阶段;皋兰县和榆中县桃蚜对上述6种杀虫剂则处于敏感阶段。用酶抑制剂进行增效作用测定结果显示,兰州地区桃蚜的抗药性与羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶有关。针对兰州市桃蚜的抗药性现状和抗性机制,提出了以建立抗性监测制度、合理用药为主的抗性治理对策。 相似文献
8.
Experiments were done on commercial potato crops in the UK to investigate the effect of different insecticide sequences on the control and insecticide resistance status of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The work was done to provide field validation of similar laboratory studies done in 'field simulators'. To ensure adequate aphid populations and to influence the initial resistance status of the aphid population, cultured M. persicae from a clone of known resistance status (esterase R1, kdr heterozygote, non-MACE (modified acetylcholinesterase)) were inoculated into both experiments. Two-spray programmes starting with lambda-cyhalothrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) gave poor control in comparison with programmes starting with pirimicarb (a carbamate insecticide) or pirimicarb-containing mixtures. This concurred closely with the results obtained from single applications in field simulator studies. Treatment sequences containing pymetrozine (a pyridine azomethine insecticide) were also effective, though slower-acting. This again concurs with field simulator studies. The proportions of aphids carrying different resistance mechanisms were largely unaffected by treatment in these experiments. The implications of these results for field control strategies are discussed. 相似文献
9.
BACKGROUND: Although there are still no confirmed reports of strong resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in aphids, the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) shows variation in response, with some clones exhibiting up to tenfold resistance to imidacloprid. Five clones varying in response to imidacloprid were tested with four other neonicotinoid molecules to investigate the extent of cross-resistance.RESULTS: All four compounds-thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and dinotefuran-were cross-resisted, with ED(50) values ranked in the same order as for imidacloprid. Resistance factors ranged up to 11 for imidacloprid, 18 for thiamethoxam, 13 for thiacloprid, 100 for clothianidin and 6 for dinotefuran.CONCLUSION: This variation in response does not appear to be sufficient to compromise the field performance of neonicotinoids aimed at controlling aphids. However, it highlights the need for careful vigilance and stewardship in all M. persicae populations, and a need to consider neonicotinoids as a single cross-resisted group for management purposes. 相似文献
10.
The relationship between dose for each of four biorational insecticides (pyrethrins, neem extract, capsiacin extract, insecticidal soap) and mortality of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) was determined using a laboratory bioassay. These insecticides were toxic to aphids and paired mixtures of the insecticides provided synergistic activity as measured by aphid mortality under the laboratory bioassay conditions. Capsiacin extracts were found to provide low levels of mortality alone but acted synergistically in mixtures with the other insecticides and provided higher than expected levels of mortality. Activity as determined in the laboratory for each insecticide was not evident under field-use conditions in five separate experiments. Under field conditions and using common application methods, these insecticides did not provide significant levels of control of aphids. 相似文献
11.
针对蚜虫体型微小,体表有外骨骼等特点对改进的醋酸钾(KAC)法作了优化,优化后的方法可在常温条件下更加简易和有效地提取高质量的单头蚜虫基因组DNA,结果表明,DNA样品的A260/280值普遍在1.6~1.9之间,电泳检测基因组DNA纯度和完整性较好。同时在20 μL的反应体系中将PCR的5个主要成分分别设定10个浓度梯度,研究了适合桃蚜SSR分子标记的优化体系,结果表明,最适宜的优化浓度分别为:1.5 mmol/L Mg2+,0.25 mmol/L dNTP,1.0U Taq酶,40 ng/μL模板DNA,25 ng/μL引物。利用甘肃省酒泉地区马铃薯桃蚜来验证此优化体系,30%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测结果显示,扩增产物大多在100~300 bp,多态性高,且反应体系的稳定性和可重复性好。 相似文献
12.
BACKGROUND: The neonicotinoid class of insecticides is a key component of pest management strategies used by stone fruit producers in Europe. Neonicotinoids are currently one of the most important tools for control of the peach‐potato aphid (Myzus persicae). Overreliance on neonicotinoids has led to the development of resistance through a combination of metabolic and target‐site resistance mechanisms in individual aphids. A resistance monitoring project was conducted by Syngenta in 2010 to determine the resistance status of M. persicae populations collected from France and Spain, and to determine the frequency of the target‐site mutation in those populations. RESULTS: Resistance monitoring suggests that resistance to neonicotinoids is relatively widespread in populations of M. persicae collected from peach orchards in the Languedoc‐Roussillon, Provence‐Alpes‐Cote d'Azur and Rhone‐Alpes regions of France, and resistance can be associated with the frequency of the target‐site mutation (R81T). The R81T mutation in its heterozygous form is also present in Spanish populations and is associated with neonicotinoid resistance. CONCLUSION: The widespread nature of neonicotinoid resistance in southern France and the potential for resistance development in northern Spain highlight the need for a coordinated management strategy employing insecticides with different modes of action to reduce the selection pressure with neonicotinoids. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
A range of insecticides was applied at recommended application rates against populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying various combinations of three insecticide resistance mechanisms (carboxylesterase-based metabolic resistance and two target-site mechanisms, known as MACE and kdr), supported on either Chinese cabbage or potatoes in field simulator cages. Patterns of response were similar on both host species. MACE conferred extreme resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate (dimethylcarbamate insecticides). The kdr mechanism was associated with resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroid insecticides). A mixture of pirimicarb plus lambda-cyhalothrin was only effective against M persicae not carrying kdr or carrying kdr and low carboxylesterase-based resistance. None of the insecticides tested was effective against M persicae carrying both MACE and kdr resistance. The implications of these findings for the formulation of control strategies, based on regular monitoring of resistance genotype frequencies, are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Advances in understanding insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), at the genotypic, biochemical and molecular levels have led to rapid and precise methods for the detection of several resistance mechanisms (elevated carboxylesterase, modified acetylcholinesterase or MACE, and knockdown resistance or kdr) in individual insects, and for monitoring their frequencies over space and time. This paper summarises the results of two long-term surveys of resistance dynamics in M persicae in England, based on samples collected directly from field and glasshouse crops or from four 12.2-m suction traps. The study showed marked fluctuations in resistance frequencies that probably reflect the counteracting forces of selection imposed by insecticides for aphids possessing more copies of esterase resistance genes, and selection against these forms when insecticide use is relaxed. There is growing evidence that several different resistance mechanisms in M persicae have associated fitness costs. In the case of esterase and MACE, these costs are apparently strong enough to effect a decline in resistance frequency over winter, and a more prolonged decline over successive cropping seasons when aphid numbers are insufficient to trigger intensive chemical applications. Changes in the overall frequency of resistance genotypes may also be influenced by the predominance of year-round parthenogenesis in M persicae in the UK, leading to non-random associations between mechanisms and selection operating on clonal lineages rather than individual genotypes. 相似文献
15.
16.
Twenty-one clones of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), carrying various combinations of known mechanisms of insecticide resistance were assessed for their response to the new pyridine azomethine compound, pymetrozine, in leaf-dip bioassays. Pymetrozine was also applied as a foliar spray to populations of four different UK M persicae clones on potato plants in field-simulator chambers. Neither study showed any evidence of cross-resistance to this compound. Pymetrozine, used in conjunction with other effective aphicides, such as pirimicarb and imidacloprid, can therefore play an important role in insecticide resistance-management strategies for M persicae. 相似文献
17.
Laboratory bioassays applying the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid and nitenpyram against clones of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) demonstrated that these compounds effectively circumvent the known carboxylesterase, modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and knock-down (kdr) insecticide resistance mechanisms in this species. However, some clones showed cross-tolerance (up to 18-fold) of these compounds relative to susceptible standards. A survey assessing the frequency of neonicotinoid tolerance in M persicae in the UK, based on samples collected from the field and glasshouses between 1997 and 2000, showed that such tolerance is still rare. Experiments on neonicotinoid-susceptible and -tolerant populations of M persicae under simulated field conditions in the laboratory showed that, although the latter were well controlled by imidacloprid applied at recommended application rates, they were more likely to survive and reproduce when this compound was applied at lower concentrations. Such conditions are probably periodically present in imidacloprid-treated field and glasshouse crops. Selection favouring tolerant forms of M persicae could lead to increases in their frequency and the evolution of more potent resistance to neonicotinoids. 相似文献
18.
Cassanelli S Cerchiari B Giannini S Bizzaro D Mazzoni E Manicardi GC 《Pest management science》2005,61(1):91-96
The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has developed a number of insecticide resistance mechanisms owing to the high selective pressure produced by world-wide insecticide treatments. Knowledge of the geographical distribution and the temporal evolution of these resistant phenotypes helps to develop suitable pest-management programs. Current understanding of the major mechanisms of resistance at the molecular level makes it possible to diagnose the presence of modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) or knockdown resistance (kdr). This paper describes a rapid method for the identification of both resistance mechanisms in a single molecular assay by using restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products (RFLP-PCR) in individual as well as pooled aphids. 相似文献
19.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The influence of potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum L. cvs. Albatros, Borwina, Fasan, Kormoran, Pirol, Salome, Romanze and Terrana) and leaf zone on the... 相似文献
20.
Genetic variation in target‐site resistance to pyrethroids and pirimicarb in Tunisian populations of the peach potato aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 下载免费PDF全文
Kamel Charaabi Sonia Boukhris‐Bouhachem Mohamed Makni Brian Fenton Ian Denholm 《Pest management science》2016,72(12):2313-2320