甘肃高山细毛羊引入中国美利奴羊（新疆型）改良效果初探

甘肃高山细毛羊引入中国美利奴羊（新疆型）改良效果初探张贵谦（甘肃省皇城绵羊育种试验场，７３４０３１）中国美利奴羊（新疆型）（简称中美羊）是我国最优秀的细毛羊品种之一。它的前身一新疆细毛羊是甘肃高山细毛羊（简称甘细羊）的祖先。１９９２年甘肃省皇城绵羊育...     

南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交一代羊毛品质分析

为改善与提高甘肃高山细毛羊的毛肉生产性能,引入南非肉用美利奴种公羊杂交改良甘肃高山细毛羊.结果表明：南甘F1公羊羊毛纤维自然长度极显著高于F1母羊和甘肃高山细毛羊（P＜0.01）;南甘F1母羊毛纤维的伸直率极显著高于F1公羊和甘肃高山细毛羊（P＜0.01）;但在羊毛纤维的断裂伸长、断强力、功、强度、EYS1.5、屈服点、伸长率、卷曲度、卷曲回复率、卷曲弹性和细度等方面均差异不显著（P＞0.05）.由此可见,高寒牧区天祝县引入南非肉用美利奴羊改良甘肃高山细毛羊是一项提升养羊效益的重要举措.     

甘肃省细毛羊生产现状分析及前景预测

高山美利奴羊是以澳洲美利奴羊为父本,甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,运用现代育种先进技术成功培育的我国首例适应高海拔高山寒旱生态区的细型细毛羊新品种。本文对甘肃高山细毛羊和高山美利奴羊品种进行特性介绍,对甘肃细毛羊生产现状进行分析和阐述,并指出了甘肃省细毛羊市场需求及发展前景。     

南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交效果分析

为研究南非肉用美利奴羊杂交改良甘肃高山细毛羊的效果,试验选用南非肉用美利奴种公羊与甘肃高山细毛羊母羊杂交F1代羔羊20只(南甘杂交试验组)与20只甘肃高山细毛羊(纯繁对照组),在相同舍饲条件下,测定分析两组F1代生长发育、屠宰指标及产毛性能。结果表明:南甘F1代羔羊初生重、2月龄体重、6月龄体重均显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊(P0.05);南甘F1代羔羊宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率均显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊(P0.05),且杂交一代公羔最高;南甘F1公羔胴体脂肪含量(GR)值为1.53 cm,眼肌面积达11.95 cm2。研究表明,南非肉用美利奴羊杂交改良甘肃高山细毛羊效果较佳,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交羔羊屠宰性能和肉品质测定

为了探讨南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊的杂交效果,试验分4组(I组:南非肉用美利奴羊×甘肃高山细毛羊♀F1(简称南甘F1)公羔;II组:南甘F1母羔;III组:甘肃高山细毛羊公羔;IV组:甘肃高山细毛羊母羔)对其6月龄屠宰性能和肉品质进行测定。结果表明:南甘F1羔羊宰前重、胴体重、净肉重、骨重均高于甘肃高山细毛羊,且杂交一代公羔最高(P0.01);南甘F1公羔GR值和眼肌面积分别达1.67 cm和11.56 cm2;甘肃高山细毛羊公羔肉色评分最高,其次为南甘F1公羔,且显著高于南甘F1母羔和甘肃高山细毛羊母羔(P0.05);失水率、p H1值、p H24值各组间均差异不显著(P0.05);南甘F1公羔粗蛋白含量显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊母羔(P0.05),其他各组间均差异不显著(P0.05);甘肃高山细毛羊母羔粗脂肪含量显著高于杂交一代公羔和甘肃高山细毛羊公羔(P0.05)。综上所述,南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交后代羔羊肉用性能好,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

祁丰乡甘肃高山细毛羊舍饲养殖试验效果分析

1 甘肃高山细毛羊品种性能 甘肃高山细毛羊是以新疆细毛羊和高加索细毛羊为父本、以当地藏羊和蒙古羊为母本,经过杂交改良（1943～1957年）、横交固定（1958～1965年）和选育提高（1966～1980）三个阶段培育而成的我国第一个高原型细毛羊品种.从育成至今经过了30年的选育提高,为了改善和提高品种质量,先后10次从国内外引进澳洲美利奴、中国美利奴、新西兰美利奴、超细型中国美利奴、超细型澳洲美利奴等外血对品种进行换血改造.     

高寒牧区引入南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交效果的观察

为改善与提高天祝县甘肃高山细毛羊的毛肉生产性能,2011年9月引入7只南非肉用美利奴种公羊与甘肃高山细毛羊进行杂交试验,并对杂交F1组和甘肃高山细毛羊纯繁对照组所产后代的初生重、1月龄重、3月龄重、6月龄重进行了跟踪测定与对比分析。结果表明:杂交F1初生重~6月龄重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),变异系数15.99%;引入的种公羊在人工授精中,1次射精量0.6～1.3 mL,精子密度13亿～23亿个/mL,平均活力0.65,均达到标准要求。由此可见,高寒牧区引入南非肉用美利奴羊改良甘肃高山细毛羊是一项提升天祝县养殖效益的重要举措。     

甘肃高山细毛羊生产瘫痪的防治

甘肃省绵羊繁育技术推广站,是甘肃高山细毛羊的主要育种基地,目前已形成了以甘肃高山细毛羊、中国美利奴高山型、甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系、甘肃高山细毛羊肉用类群、中国美利奴高山型超细品系等功能完备的品种内部结构。该站存栏甘肃高山细毛羊1．2万只,     

甘肃高山细毛羊育种现状及发展前景

甘肃高山细毛羊是以新疆细毛羊和高加索细毛羊为父本、以当地藏羊和蒙古羊为母本,经过杂交改良(1943～1957年)、横交固定(1958～1965年)和选育提高(1966～1980)三个阶段培育而成的我国第一个高原型细毛羊品种。从育成至今经过了30年的选育提高,为了改善和提高品种质量,先后10次从国内外引进澳洲美利奴、中国美利奴、新西兰美利奴、超细型中国美利奴、超细型澳洲美利奴等外血对品种进行换血改造。目前该品种质量发生了很大变化。2009年种公羊平均体重达到95.77kg,比1980年品种育成时提高了20.77kg,成年母羊平均体重达到49.55kg,比1980年育成时提高了9.55kg。种公羊平均毛长达到10.79cm,比1980年育成时提高了2.59cm,母羊平均毛长达到9.39cm,比1980年育成时提高了1.8cm。公羊平均剪毛量达到10.32kg,比1980年育成时提高了2.8kg,母羊平均剪毛量达到4.56kg,比1980年育成时提高了0.46kg。羊毛细度从1980年的以64支为主体发展为目前的以66支和70支为主体。以甘肃高山细毛羊为遗传基础,先后育成中国美利奴高山型新类群、甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系、甘肃高山细毛羊肉用类群、甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系。     

高山美利奴羊育种设计选育保障措施的思考

高山美利奴羊是以澳洲美利奴羊为父本,甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,历经20年选育而成的羊毛纤维直径以19.1~21.5μm为主体的毛肉兼用美利奴羊新品种.文章对高山美利奴羊品种特性进行阐述,分析了国内外细毛羊现状和发展趋势,对今后高山美利奴羊育种进行设计,制定育种目标,建立完善的品系结构,进行科学育种,并在选育技术上完善保障措施,持续提高品种质量.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.