保水剂对剪股颖种子萌发的影响

以常用草坪种剪股颖为试验材料,通过室内萌发试验,研究了足量供水和限量供水条件下,不同施用量的保水剂对剪股颖种子萌发的影响。结果表明:足量供水条件下,不同用量的保水剂对高羊茅种子萌发均无影响;限量供水条件下,施用适量保水剂对剪股颖种子的发芽率、发芽势、萌发指数和根生长速度有明显促进作用。表明不同水分条件下,保水剂对剪股颖种子萌发的作用不同,且其对剪股颖种子萌发的促进作用与施用剂量有关。     

不同基质和保水剂用量对加工番茄出苗率的影响

研究不同基质和不同保水剂用量二因素对加工番茄出苗的影响,使用农业通用回归旋转设计试验,通过对所得试验模型及设计因素与目标值(出苗率)的线性关系进行分析,得出加工番茄在使用不同基质和保水剂的基础上表现最佳出苗率的农艺措施.研究结果表明,基质的最佳使用区间为17.450 1%～32.549 8%.保水剂使用的最佳区间为0.832 5～1.168 0 g/100mL.     

保水剂与氮磷钾肥互作对干旱胁迫下多年生黑麦草生长生理的影响

以多年生黑麦草“绿宝石”（Lolium perenne L.）为试材,采用盆栽试验法,研究了干旱胁迫下保水剂与氮磷钾肥互作对多年生黑麦草生长生理的影响,以期为实现草坪草的水肥一体化调控提供参考依据。结果表明：在土壤水分充足时,保水剂的添加以及保水剂与肥料互作对多年生黑麦草的影响较小;当土壤含水量为55%的土壤最大持水量时,不施肥情况下25 g·m^-2的保水剂处理以及施肥情况下50 g·m^-2的保水剂与氮磷钾肥互作,均能够促进多年生黑麦草的叶表面积、叶片长度、根表面积和根系总长度的增加,增大多年生黑麦草叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量,降低叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量。     

保水剂在萝卜流体播种中的应用研究

以E、F、A 3种不同型号的保水剂用于萝卜流体播种,并研究其应用效果.试验结果表明:3种保水剂用于萝卜流体播种,均可调节土壤含水量,促进萝卜出苗及生长发育,增强抗病能力,提高产量.3种保水剂平均使萝卜出苗提早3d,产量增加43.2%,其中以E、F型保水剂应用效果较为理想.由此可见,选择适宜的保水剂进行流体播种,是确保萝卜节水增产的一条有效途径,值得推广应用.     

保水剂对草坪草抗热性的影响

以多年生黑麦草“爱神特2号”种子为试材,采用室内栽培方法,研究了保水剂对草坪草叶片的细胞质膜透性、根系活力、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等生理特性及抗热性的影响.结果表明:随着胁迫温度和时间的增加,无论添加保水剂与否,草坪草叶片的SOD活性、CAT活性和根系活力持续降低,MDA含量和相对电导率持续上升;但在相同胁迫温度和时间下,添加保水剂后,SOD、CAT活性、Pro含量和根系活力均显著升高,MDA含量和叶片相对电导率均显著降低.     

保水剂改良铅污染土壤对小白菜养分利用与生长的影响

以"上海青"小白菜为研究对象,利用田间模拟试验,研究了铅污染不同程度土壤施用不同保水剂用量对小白菜生长与物质产量、氮磷钾养分吸收与利用效率的差异。结果表明:土壤铅污染加重不利于蔬菜生长与养分吸收利用,施用保水剂改良污染土壤能够影响蔬菜的生长和吸收利用氮磷钾养分,但影响程度受污染程度和保水剂用量综合制约。铅污染土壤上施用保水剂可增加蔬菜生物量10.0%~23.3%,在铅污染较轻土壤上加大保水剂用量和污染较重土壤上施用较小剂量保水剂更有利于蔬菜生长。适宜的保水剂用量促进氮磷钾养分吸收积累,且随生长天数增加而表现愈明显;保水剂施用提高了养分利用率,但不同养分种类间有所差异。铅污染较轻土壤施用较大剂量和污染较重土壤上施用较小剂量保水剂改良铅污染土壤能综合提高氮磷钾养分利用效率。保水剂1.2g/kg干土用量相对2.4g/kg干土用量改良铅污染土壤,实现蔬菜提产增效。     

草坪不同时期杂草化学防除技术

针对草坪杂草难以防除的技术难题,经过几年的试验研究,总结了一套草坪在不同阶段化学防除杂草的技术措施,为草坪科学养护提供技术支撑.     

保水剂在平菇母种培养及保存中的应用试验

试验将不同类型(MP3005KM、MP3005KB、MP-KR、MP-KS)、不同质量分数(0.1%、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%)的保水剂吸水制成凝胶颗粒后加入母种培养基,对菌丝生长状况、过氧化物酶活性等进行观察与测定研究.结果表明:颗粒大小适中的A(MP3005KM)和B(MP3005KB)保水剂在促进菌丝生长、提高菌丝活力等方面综合效果较好.保水剂使用浓度为1%时效果最好,A、B保水剂分别使菌落直径增长112.8%和110.3%,菌丝过氧化物酶活性增长299.4%和145.6%.由此可见,选择适宜类型及质量分数的保水剂制成凝胶颗粒加入母种培养基,是促进菌丝生长、提高菌丝活力的有效途径,值得推广应用.     

辣椒施用保水剂效果研究

采用田间试验方法,研究了不同用量保水剂在辣椒上的应用效果。结果表明:施用保水剂对辣椒的植株性状、单果性状、产量和水分利用效率均产生了有利的促进作用。施用保水剂处理与对照相比,增产幅度可达5.3%~32.1%,水分利用效率提高15.8.%~26.5%,以处理3的施用效果最为理想。     

陕西开发成功植物吸水保水剂

一种能够吸收相当于自身重量１５００倍水分的吸水保水剂，近日由陕西省杨凌农业高新技术产业开发区惠中科技开发有限公司开发成功。吸水保水剂能够解决干旱缺水状态下，花卉、苗木、草坪成活率低、质量差的问题，将其施入土壤，不仅能吸收空气和土壤中的水分，而且能将大量的雨水牢固地保存，然后缓慢释放，供种子发芽和作物生长利用。使用吸水保水剂，可大量节省劳动力，提高幼苗移栽的成活率和草坪制作质量。中国农业科学院在河北山地试验结果表明，使用该产品处理的苹果苗，成活率可由原来的８１％提高到１００％；油松苗成活率由３０％…     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.