Gastrointestinal Motility and Disease in Large Animals

An understanding of the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) motility and disease is imperative for the proper treatment of large animal patients, especially as new therapeutic agents become available. However, the abundance of information that has become available in the last 2 decades makes gaining this understanding a formidable task. This article summarizes the changes in GI motility caused by some common diseases and conditions encountered in large animal practice, such as GI obstruction, postoperative ileus, resection and anastomosis, diarrhea, endotoxemia, GI parasitism, hypocalcemia, and pregnancy. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:51–59. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine .     

牛奶中主要霉菌毒素毒性的研究进展

牛奶中主要的霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、伏马菌素等。作者对霉菌毒素的毒性研究现状进行了综述,以期为开展牛奶霉菌毒素风险分析提供毒理学数据参考。     

牛奶中霉菌毒素检测方法的研究进展

牛奶中霉菌毒素含量的定性或定量测定对于牛奶中霉菌毒素的研究具有重要的作用,文章综述了TLC法、HPLC法、LC-MS法、ELISA法等牛奶中霉菌毒素常用检测方法的原理、优缺点及检测方法的发展,为牛奶中霉菌毒素的研究提供参考。     

Chlamydial Infection in Animals: A Review

A review of the literature concerning chlamydial infection in birds and animals, particularly domestic animals is presented. Following a general discussion of the agent, the nature of chlamydial infection and diagnostic criteria, information regarding disease is summarized for each species. The possibility of zoonotic transmission is also discussed.     

镰刀菌毒素对动物毒性作用的研究进展

镰刀菌是污染粮食和饲料的主要真菌菌属之一,可产生多种高毒性、低分子量的代谢产物,如玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素等,这些毒素严重威胁动物和人类的健康.摄入镰刀菌毒素可对动物造成多种毒性作用,包括生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肠道毒性、肝肾毒性、细胞毒性及致癌性等.不同类型镰刀菌毒素引起的毒性作用不尽一致,且不同毒素...     

畜禽常见中毒病的发生原因诊断与治疗

结合临床发生病例，对畜禽常见常发中毒病的病因进行分析。介绍其诊断方法，并根据所出现的临床症状提出综合防治措施。     

Long Bone Fractures in Large Animals A Retrospective Study

Two hundred and thirteen bovine and 115 equine long bone fractures presented for treatment to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Based on the number of patients presented, cattle had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher survival rate than horses. In horses, the third metatarsal bone was most frequently presented for fracture treatment, but in cattle, the femur was most commonly affected. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the treatment success rates when comparing the bones affected, methods of treatment used, duration between the fracture occurrence and presentation for repair, distance traveled prior to hospitalization, type of limb support during transportation, or medication given prior to hospitalization. Horses between 3 months and 2 years of age had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower survival rate than those in other age groups. Compared to open and comminuted fractures, a significantly (p < 0.01) greater number of simple fractures were selected for treatment in horses. Based on the cases presented, the survival rate of the horses with simple fractures is higher (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the survival rates of horses or cattle when simple, open, comminuted, and open plus comminuted fractures were treated. There were significantly (p < 0.001) more open fractures in horses than in cattle. Postoperative complications occurred in 49% of the horses treated, and the enthanasia rate was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in horses with complications.     

霉菌毒素对畜禽的危害及其防控方法的研究进展

作者综述了饲料中主要霉菌毒素对畜禽的危害，并介绍了防霉、脱毒的方法。     

动物附红细胞体病

附红细胞体病是一种对人和动物危害严重的人畜共患传染病。本文综述了动物附红细胞体病的发病情况、病原、传播途径、流行特点、发病机理、临床症状以及剖检变化,并提出了预防和治疗措施。     

Listeric Infections in Humans and Animals in the Indian Subcontinent: A Review

Listeriosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The disease has been reported in animals from the Indian subcontinent, usually in the form of sporadic cases but occasionally as outbreaks. Cases of listeriosis arise mainly from the ingestion of contaminated food. Listeriosis has been reported to cause encephalitis, abortion, mastitis, repeat breeding and endometriosis in animals. Listeric infections occur in children and women with a poor obstetric history. The epidemiological aspects and pathogenesis of listeriosis in animals and humans are not yet fully understood. This review offers comprehensive information on experimental studies and field cases in animals and on cases of human listeriosis. There are also sections on isolation from foods, diagnosis and treatment in humans and animals.     

Performance and Management of Draught Animals in Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Use of animal power generally enables farmers in sub-Saharan Africa to increase agricultural production and improve the quality of life. Effective use of working animals depends on an understanding of the capabilities of the animals for work, their husbandry requirements and the factors which can influence their performance. These issues are reviewed in this paper in the context of the use of animal power in agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. The type of animal used for work determines power available to the farmer. The performance of donkeys, horses and cattle have been compared in work tests. Equids are more suited to rapid low draught activities where their faster speed can be used to advantage. At higher draught forces, where speed is less important, the additional weight and power of cattle are an advantage. Use of heart rate recovery after work gives a reasonable indication of fatigue and fitness of equids, when test conditions are standardized. Although feed requirements for work are generally low, feed quality can be so poor that animals are unable to eat enough to meet energy needs for work, and so lose weight during the work season. However, improvements in work performance are not always seen following supplementary feeding in the dry season and the economics need to be considered in each case. Food availability, diseases and heat stress, the major constraints to performance of draught cattle and donkeys working in sub-Saharan Africa, are discussed.     

Inclusion Body Disease,A Worldwide Infectious Disease of Boid Snakes: A Review

A disease called inclusion body disease (IBD) is seen worldwide in snakes that are members of the families Boidae and Pythonidae. Snakes affected by this disease often have neurological signs. A diagnosis is based on light microscopic examination of tissues for the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions that consist of a unique protein that has been termed inclusion body disease protein (IBDP). In some cases, inclusions are found exclusively in the central nervous system, whereas in others they may be diffusely disseminated in multiple tissues. In a few cases, the IBD inclusions have overlapped in appearance with other types of nonviral intracytoplasmic inclusions. The specific etiologic agent of IBD remains unknown. Because the underlying cause of IBD is unknown, recent research has focused on understanding the formation and nature of IBDP. A monoclonal antibody has been developed against IBDP and is currently being used in immunodiagnostic assays to develop a reliable diagnostic test for IBD. This monoclonal antibody is going through rigorous validation testing and will provide more specificity and sensitivity than currently available routine histological diagnostics. Because large numbers of boas and pythons are being bred and sold for the pet trade, better diagnostic tests are needed to help develop IBD-free breeding colonies of these snakes. Further, because IBD is one of the few worldwide diseases of captive snakes, there is concern in many countries (e.g., Australia, where it has been identified in captive pythons) that it will become established in native wild populations. Thus, there is conservation value in developing better diagnostic tools for screening snakes intended for release as part of reintroduction programs.     

犬前列腺疾病概述

犬前列腺疾病是临床常见的公犬泌尿生殖道疾病,通常发生于老龄公犬,特别是6岁以上的未去势公犬。常见的犬前列腺疾病主要有前列腺炎、良性前列腺增生、前列腺囊肿、前列腺脓肿和前列腺癌。前列腺疾病的临床表现相似,表现为排尿困难、尿淋漓、血尿、前列腺液成分改变、便秘等,因此仅从病史、临床症状方面难以对疾病进行确诊,需要借助于X光检查、B超检查、前列腺液检查、组织/细胞学检查等特殊的诊断方法。在确诊的基础上根据不同的发病原因采取抗生素治疗,去势,前列腺切除手术等治疗方法。论文对各种常见犬前列腺疾病的病因、临床表现、诊断和治疗方案进行综述。     

一例猫真菌性皮肤病的诊疗

文章介绍了对1例猫真菌性皮肤病的诊疗情况,通过基础检查及实验室检查综合诊断为小孢子菌及马拉色菌混合感染,采用抗真菌和补充营养相关药物治疗后痊愈,后期复查未检测到相应菌体.