板栗贮藏病害及防治技术

板栗(Castanea mollisima)属山毛榉科(Fagaceae)栗属坚果类植物.世界上的板栗主要分为4个品种,分别为美洲栗Castanea (North America), 中国栗C. mollissima (Chinese), 欧洲栗C. sativa (European). 和日本栗C. crenata (Japanese).     

FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIENCE IN LAND EXPLOITATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF NINGXIA AGRORECLAMATION AREA

<正> Ningxia Agroreclamation Bureau was set up in 1950. Before reclamation,48% of landis saline--alkali swamp soil, 35% slight sierozem, 13% sandy soil. In the early days of recla-mation, eight unfavorable factors exist in farmlands, i. e. high underground water table (0.5--1.0m).mineralization of underground water (5--36g/l).soil salinity (0.5--10%). pH     

棉红腐病病原菌的研究

 自1978至1990年采集标本194份;分离得菌株200个,鉴定为下列6种镰刀菌:Fusarium moriliforme var.intermedium Neish & Leggett (61%),F.semitectum Berk。& Ray.(28%),F.oxysporum Schl. (4%),F.solani(mart).Sacc.(3.5%),F.equi-seti Sate.(3%),F.camptoceras Wollenw.& Reink.(0.5%).     

中国赤眼蜂属名录

近两年来,我们整理了赤眼蜂属的分类文献,并检阅了大部份模式标本。本文在这基础上对我国已有记录的种类进行整理,供参改。赤眼蜂属Trichogramma Westwood Trichogramma Westwood,1833(模式种:Trichogramma evanoscens Westwood,保存于英国牛津大学博物馆昆虫部).编号;O.U.M.HyM99(S).     

农药原药和制剂的分析——CIPAC 1C 卷的分析方法(续)

20.苯报徽胶(d kblo加.城 高效液相色谱法,紫外检侧器似PLc一Uv一25如m).色谱柱:sPherisorb0Ds,5”m,125 x 4 mm(i.d.);柱温:30℃;流动相:乙睛一水=48+52(v/v);流速:1.sml/min;保留时间:苯氟磺胺6.gmin. 21.2产ee滴丙酸(dk枷印均p) (l)气相色谱法,见16.2,4一滴的方法(l).其不同之处:色谱柱:2.5%APiczonL/ChromosorbG;柱温:150℃;保留时间:2,4一滴丙酸18.4min;内标物:苯甲酸苯醋. (2)仲裁方法:高效液相色谱法,紫外检侧器扭PLCeeUV一280nln).色谱柱:户BondaPakq。,10拌m,300x”mm(i.d.);柱温:22℃;流动相:甲醇-乙酸盐缓冲溶液(1.3692.…     

嘧啶氧磷

理化性质纯品为淡黄色粘稠的液体,工业品为褐色粘稠的液体,具硫代磷酸酯的特有气味.比重d_4~(20)1.1977.微溶于水.纯品在15℃时,水中溶解度为0.0375克/100毫升.可溶于乙酸乙酯、乙腈、丙酮、苯、二氯乙烷、甲苯、乙醚等多种有机溶剂. 毒性大鼠急性口服LD_(50)为183.4毫克/公斤,经皮毒性LD_(50)为1667毫克/公斤.对鱼(草鱼)TLm为1.0ppm(48小时).对蛙TLm为27.87ppm(48小时).     

A remote sensing-based agricultural drought indicator and its implementation over a semi-arid region,Jordan

The objective of the study was to develop a remote sensing(i.e., Landsat-8 and MODIS)-based agricultural drought indicator(ADI) at 30-m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution and also to evaluate its performance over a heterogeneous agriculture dominant semi-arid region in Jordan. Firstly, we used principal component analysis(PCA) to evaluate the correlations among six commonly used remote sensing-derived agricultural drought related variables. The variables included normalized difference water index(NDWI), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), visible and shortwave drought index(VSDI), normalized multiband drought index(NMDI), moisture stress index(MSI), and land surface temperature(LST). Secondly, we integrated the relatively less correlated variables(that were found to be NDWI, VSDI, and LST) to generate four agricultural drought categories/conditions(i.e., wet, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought). Finally, we evaluated the ADI maps against a set of 8-day ground-based standardized precipitation index values(i.e., SPI-1, SPI-2, …, SPI-8) by use of confusion matrices and observed the best results for SPI-4(i.e., overall accuracy and Kappa-values were 83% and 76%, respectively) and SPI-5(i.e., overall accuracy and Kappa-values were 85% and 78%, respectively). The results demonstrated that the method would be valuable for monitoring agricultural drought conditions in semi-arid regions at both a reasonably high spatial resolution(i.e., 30-m) and a short time period(i.e., 8-day).     

中华卵索线虫tra-1基因cDNA片段的克隆及实时定量表达分析

差异(P>0.05).线虫在宿主体内不同的感染强度(40/1与10/1)对tra-1基因转录活性无显著影响(P>0.05).表明tra-1基因参与调控中华卵索线虫雌性生殖系统的发育、卵的形成以及胚胎的发育.     

瓢虫斑纹变异的地理倾群现象

瓢虫的有些种类,其前胸背板和鞘翅上的斑纹常有变化,有时变化很大.经过分类学的研究,掌握瓢虫斑纹变异的规律,划分了色斑的类型;又经过遗传学的研究,揭示了斑纹变异的遗传机制和规律,从而丰富了遗传学的理论(Komai,1955).多年研究表明:瓢虫的色斑类型频率,表现出不同纬度和海拔的地理变异.Dobz-hansky(1951)将这种地理变异现象称为倾群(Cline)或地理度(geographic gradient).现将这方面的研究工作简介于下.     

西藏那曲地区草原毛虫发生为害情况调查及药剂防治试验

草原毛虫(Gynaephora spp.)是青藏高原牧区的重要害虫.别名红头黑毛虫、草原毒蛾,属毒蛾科.其在西藏草原发生的主要种类是青海草原毛虫(Gynaephora ginghaiensis Ghou et Ying).     

新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析

根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。     

我国苜蓿病害研究进展

综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。     

昆虫组蛋白修饰的研究进展

组蛋白修饰作为表观遗传修饰的一种主要形式,对基因表达和表型调控具有重要作用。组蛋白修饰的N端尾区可通过乙酰化、甲基化、磷酸化等修饰来改变染色质的状态以及调控基因的表达。与脊椎动物相比,昆虫种类繁多,且有变态发育、表型复杂等特征,可以成为探索动物社会行为、发育调控和毒理作用等表观遗传基础的模型。本文总结了昆虫组蛋白修饰的主要类型(乙酰化和甲基化修饰)及修饰酶的研究进展,对染色质免疫共沉淀测序技术(chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing,ChIP-seq)、染色质转座酶可及性测序技术(assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,ATAC-seq)、转录组测序技术(RNA-seq)、组蛋白修饰酶功能验证以及Western blot、免疫细胞化学(immunocytochemistry,ICC)、免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)、酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosor...     

真菌甲硫氨酸生物合成途径研究进展

 甲硫氨酸是蛋白质的重要组分,同时还可通过生成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）调控细胞内多种生理过程。本文根据酿酒酵母、粗糙脉孢菌和构巢曲霉3种模式真菌中甲硫氨酸生物合成的最新研究进展,勾画出真菌的甲硫氨酸合成途径,综述了该途径中关键酶的生物学功能,探讨了该途径的调控机制,为病原真菌甲硫氨酸合成的研究提供理论基础,同时为新杀菌剂的研发提供新思路。     

Major Changes in Fusarium spp. in Wheat in the Netherlands

The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001.     

中国植物弹状病毒研究进展

弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。     

西安地区丰水年农田深层土壤含水量研究

通过对西安南郊吴家坟、长安区郭杜镇大学城和双竹村附近丰水年(年降雨量883 mm)麦地、玉米地土壤含水量的测定,以及与正常年份该地土壤含水量的对比,研究丰水年该地区农田0~6 m土壤含水量的变化。结果显示,正常年份西安地区麦地0~2 m土层含水量高于12%,2~6 m土层含水量高于13%;丰水年西安地区麦地0~2 m的土壤含水量在18%以上,2~6 m土层含水量达24%以上,远远高于正常年份这一层位的土壤含水量。分析得出,西安地区农田深层土壤含水量高的主要原因是重力水带分布范围大于或等于农作物的强烈耗水层范围。     

Variability in initial spray deposit in apple trees in space and time

Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues.     

磴口县农林复合生态系统农田子系统能流分析

采用Odum能流分析理论以及主成分分析法,结合磴口县1992～2008年统计年鉴,选取有机能、无机能、能量总投入和总产出、产投比、能量循环指数和投能结构6个指标,对磴口县农林复合生态系统农田子系统的能流特征进行定性、定量分析.结果表明:该地区有机肥使用量逐年降低,而无机肥却在增加;该系统能量产出大于投入,产投比为:3....