红松成过熟林伐区调查设计中资源消耗误差的分析

多年来的生产实践证实,在天然红松成过熟林主伐中,伐区实际商品材出材量远远超过调查设计值,其系统误差是正向的,一般幅度在25%～50%。为了查明其原因,1986、1987年我们在黑龙江省伊春林区丽林实验林场进行了调查。现将结果报告如下。1 试验概况与调查方法丽林实验林场位于48°07′N、129°15′E,调查林分为29林班31小班,林分面积231.8ha,林分组成为8红、2云、冷     

伐区调查设计材积误差规律的研究

就伐区调查设计中因胸径、树高因子调查的误差引起材积误差的规律及其定量关系进行研究,提出提高伐区调查设计蓄积量精度的主要技术方法和措施。     

伐区下木资源数量的调查研究

本文着重叙述了福建省伐区下木蓄积量与可利用量的研究。并获得伐区下木的蓄积量为0.2996m~3/亩,采伐与加工企业的可利用量为0.0911m~3/亩的研究结果。其伐区下木可利用量的计算,是根据木材(原木)生产量除以每亩混交林(成过熟林)的出材量,得出采伐面积(亩),然后再乘以伐区下木单位面积的可利用量(m~3/亩)而获得。     

伐区资源调查方法选择之我见

在权衡各种常用的调查方法利弊基础之上,提出角规控制检尺调查是较好的林木蓄积量调查方法。并探讨了改进角规技术的途径,对角规技术的发展前景做予测。     

人工林伐区调查设计方法的分析探讨

本文通过资料分析和对比试验，认为采用带状标准地方法进行人工林伐区资源调查设计具有较强的优越性，既可得到较理想的设计精度，又能明显提高工作效率，文章还对影响设计精度的主要因素进行定量分析。     

伐区调查设计中存在的问题及对策

森林采伐调查设计是林木采伐生产管理的源头和基础,伐区调查设计精度的高低是确保伐区作业质量的关键。国有森工企业的伐区调查设计主要存在采伐方式、应伐木、采伐间隔期设计不合理等问题。提出了解决上述问题的对策与建议。     

谈当前资源状况下对伐区调查设计精度的要求

从2个方面简要论述了在现有的森林资源状况下所要采取的采伐方式和调查设计精度。     

谈当前资源状况下对伐区调查设计精度的要求

从2个方面简要论述了在现有的森林资源状况下所要采取的采伐方式和调查设计精度。     

阔叶红松林择伐强度及更新技术的研究

根据试验地的森林结构，选择了不同的择伐强度试验，通过对试验数据的分析得到：从更新角度看，随择伐强度的增加人工更新幼树长势越好，而强度低的择伐迹地长势不佳。     

四川盆周山地5种典型林分的空间结构对比分析

【目的】研究四川盆周山地5种典型林分空间结构的特征,为该地区森林结构化经营提供理论依据。【方法】以四川盆周山地同龄的杉木纯林、柳杉纯林、杉木-柳杉混交林及同一时期形成的人天混交林和天然次生林为研究对象,采用角尺度、混交度、大小比数和林分空间结构指数对其空间结构进行分析。【结果】1)杉木纯林、杉木-柳杉混交林、人工天然混交林和天然次生林的水平分布格局为随机分布,平均角尺度分别为0.485、0.478、0.478、0.481,柳杉纯林为均匀分布,平均角尺度为0.455。2)5种林分的大小比数频率分布比较均匀,平均大小比数分别为0.465、0.529、0.446、0.810和0.534,林分整体为中庸生长状态。3)在混交度研究中,杉木纯林和柳杉纯林以零度混交为主,平均混交度分别为0.227和0.020;杉木-柳杉混交林的平均混交度为0.460,林分整体为中度混交;人工天然混交林和天然次生林平均混交度为0.610和0.674,为强度混交。4)引入林分空间结构指数FSSI,综合分析3种林分空间结构参数,FSSI大小排序为:天然次生林>人工天然混交林>杉木-柳杉混交林>杉木纯林>柳杉纯林,其排序与林分混交度排序结果一致。【结论】该地区5种典型林分空间结构的大小比数和角尺度相差不大,林分空间结构主要受混交度的影响。     

豆科树种无性快速繁殖技术研究与进展

豆科树种目前已广泛应用于荒山绿化、饲用及观赏。文中从扦插(嫩枝扦插、硬枝扦插、根插),组织培养等方面综述了豆科树种无性快速繁殖技术的研究和进展。指出目前豆科树种嫩枝扦插技术研究还局限在对某一树种繁殖途径的探索阶段;硬枝扦插技术研究较为系统和深入,对不同树种扦插生根的影响因素有了比较深入的了解,并因此建立起较为成熟的技术体系;根插方法简单,成活率高,但是研究普遍较少;豆科树种组织培养虽较为困难,但某些树种也已经建立起了较为完善的再生体系。此外,还对豆科树种快速繁殖的生理基础研究进行了讨论,建议加大对豆科树种快速繁殖技术和生理机制的研究力度,为解决优良种质资源快速扩繁奠定基础。     

延边朝鲜族自治州野生动物资源及管理对策

本文对延边朝鲜族自治州区内野生动物种类、分类地位以及野生动物保护现状、取得的成就与存在问题进行了评价,并提出了今后加强野生动物资源保护的对策。     

Theoretical computation and analysis of benefits of wood cutting power

This paper studies the problem of high energy waste in the course of the wood fiber processing in the wood-based panel industry. In the light of the energy economy principle, the cutting theory on the micron and long-slice wood fiber was put forward. In this paper, by means of analyzing the power waste in traditional processing, a series of analytical measures, such as, cytology, super precision work theory and fiber processing, and so on were utilized in the micron wood fiber formation process, and the cutting conception of the micron and long-slice wood fiber was put forward. Accordingly, the study of the micron and long-slice wood fiber was put into the microstructure study. This paper scientifically explains the reasons why the traditional wood fiber processing consumes more energy and the fiber quality low. In an example, the cutting power on the micron and long-slice wood fiber was calculated, which was compared with the traditional cutting power. The result showed that the energy waste by machining at micron is much lower than by heat grind and the high quality and long-slice wood fiber was gained. Thus, a revolutionary step was taken in the paper-making and wood-based panel industry of China. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(3): 44–46 [译自: 林业科学 2006, 42(3): 44–46]     

常绿阔叶林择伐伐区作业综合评价优化模型

以最大净收益与对林地破坏最小为目标 ,综合考虑了采伐作业对林地破坏、林木损伤、生产成本等因素 ,建立常绿阔叶林最优择伐模型。     

伐区招投标出材量误差原因及解决对策

对广东省乳阳林业局伐区招投标设计与实际采伐出材量存在较大误差的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决对策,从而对切实加强乳阳林业局今后的森林采伐管理招投标工作,具有十分重要的意义。     

对森林资源规划设计及调查方法的思考

介绍了现行的森林资源规划设计及调查方法,指出用遥感判读法代替现行的调查方法是未来发展的趋势。     

不同密度油松飞播林灌草多样性与林分空间结构关系

林下植被是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,物种多样性和林分空间结构是评估森林生态系统功能和林分经营质量的关键指标。本文以44年生油松飞播林为研究对象,通过典型样地调查,运用单因素方差分析和相关分析,分析林分密度对油松飞播林灌草多样性和林分空间结构的影响。结果表明:(1)林分密度对灌草多样性指数影响差异显著,灌草多样性指数均在低密度的样地中达到最大值。(2)混交度和密集度受林分密度影响显著,而林分密度对乔木胸径和树高的影响体现在林分水平上,而非空间结构单元中。(3)林分空间结构与灌草多样性之间有密切联系,影响林下植被多样性的最主要因子是乔木层混交度。因此,未来在飞播林经营活动中,调整林分密度的同时,应综合考虑林木分布格局,兼顾灌草多样性保护。     

The need for planted forests and the example of radiata pine

Ten thousand years ago our 5 million hunter-gatherer ancestors used, over the period of a year, about 200 species of local food items. Now, the nearly 6 billion global population gets 70 percent of its food from nine species of plants, one species of bird, and two species of mammals. This is despite global access to about 50,000 edible plants, as well as large numbers of bird and other animal species. We have concentrated our agricultural efforts on those species which are the most desirable, the most convenient, the most productive, and the most easily stored. Of equal importance, the species must be responsive to both genetic improvement and to management manipulation (i.e., domestication). Globally, very little of our food, except fish, now comes from wild sources.Although we use at least as much wood as we do food, wood supply (which still comes mostly from natural forests) is only now becoming limiting. There are no energy-efficient or environmentally acceptable substitutes for wood. The most likely means we have of satisfying the increasing global demand for wood is to obtain more of our wood from deliberately planted forests. Management of planted forests will increasingly parallel intensive agriculture. One consequence is that, of the 1,000 tree species we now use globally, we may eventually get most of our wood from four or five species. One of these tree species will be radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). Radiata grows fast on a wide range of sites, has desirable wood properties, and responds well to both genetic improvement and stand management. The planted forest technology for radiata pine is probably the most advanced of any potential tree species. The evolution and success of radiata pine in New Zealand has major implications and lessons for the rest of the world.