喀什地区多毛小蠹发生与为害规律

在喀什地区疏勒县系统调查、研究了杏树多毛小蠹（Scolytus seulensis Murayama）的发生、为害规律,结果表明：4月中旬始见多毛小蠹成虫在杏树上蛀孔产卵,于6月下旬、7月下旬、8月中旬和9月上旬达到高峰期;高度80~110 cm的枝干和东、南2个方向生长的枝干易遭受小蠹虫的入侵;多毛小蠹聚集为害;随为害程度的加重,杏树韧皮部含可溶性糖量也随之升高,韧皮部含水量随之降低,并且不同为害程度杏树韧皮部的可溶性糖含量和水含量存在差异。     

De Rijpingsvreterij van den Ooftboom-Spintkever,Scolytus Mali Bechst. (Col.: Scolyti Dae)

Summary 1. The maturation feeding ofScolytus mali Bechst. is described for the first time. 2. This feeding takes place at the base of the spurs (short-shoots) where a short hole is bored by the young beetle. 3. The damaged spurs whither and die, finally dropping to the ground. 4. The described infestation originated from a dead apple, pear and plum tree in the neighbourhood, the bark of which was heavily perforated by the emerging beetles. The breeding galleries are shortly described; attention is further drawn to the occurrence of numerous horizontal galleries the significance of which is not yet clear. 5. The parasites reared from the infested wood are enumerated. The most numerous is a Chalcid, subfam. Eulophinae, viz.Elachistus leucogramma Rtzb. but it occurred in a small percentage, perhaps 2–5%, only. 6. Removing and destroying all dead or dying fruit trees, which are infested by these Scolytids, is strougly advised.      

榆树脐腹小蠹的识别与防治

描述了榆树上重要蛀干害虫脐腹小蠹（Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov）的鉴别特征, 附有识别特征图, 并依据生物学特性提出防治措施。     

新疆果树多毛小蠹生物学特性及防治

多毛小蠹是新疆果树重要害虫，危害杏树甚为严重。在库尔勒一年发生2～3代，主要以幼虫和少数成虫、卵在树皮内越冬，世代重叠。在自然变温下，卵历期4～11天，幼虫20～31天；蛹期6～9天；成虫10～35天。完成一世代需40～86天，主要以幼虫在寄主树表面活动。采用农业和药剂防治相结合效果显著。     

The elm bark beetle Scolytus kirschi and its control in Israel1

Scolytus kirschi, a bark beetle new to Israel, was found in 1983 near Lake Kinneret affecting and killing young elm trees under stress. The main cause of the stress was water deficiency. Phytosanitation, seasonal irrigation and exposure of trap logs all slowed down the spread of the beetle and prevented further damage.     

果树小蠹是桃树流胶病发生的主要原因

１９９６年以来，山东省胶东地区桃园流胶病偏重至大发生。桃树流胶病成为桃树生产的最重要病害之一。流胶病大发生的症状是大量胶体自桃树主干及枝条上的皮目等处流出，桃树树体因为大量流胶而衰弱并死亡。按照传统理论，桃树流胶病系生理性病害。也有报道系真菌性病害。１９９８年以来，通过我们系统观察，发现桃树枝干流胶的成因主要系一鞘翅目小昆虫在枝干表皮至韧皮部大量蛀食为害造成，蛀孔破坏了枝干输导组织，树液不能正常输送，自蛀孔流出，形成流胶病。据２００２年９月上旬标记观察，果树小蠹成虫为害的蛀孔２４h内流胶率达到９…     

不同寄主对脐腹小蠹取食和繁殖的影响

脐腹小蠹是新疆果树林木的重要害虫,研究不同寄主对脐腹小蠹取食和繁殖的影响可为脐腹小蠹的综合治理提供参考。田间诱集试验表明,脐腹小蠹为害‘赛买提'杏、扁桃和新疆桃,不为害垂柳和沙枣,在春榆上也诱集到少量成虫,但其数量显著低于‘赛买提'杏、扁桃和新疆桃。室内饲养研究表明,‘赛买提'杏、扁桃和春榆上均有脐腹小蠹取食为害,其中‘赛买提'杏上脐腹小蠹子代数量最多,成虫蛀道长度最长,侵入孔数最多,与扁桃和春榆差异显著。综上所述,脐腹小蠹在‘赛买提'杏、扁桃、新疆桃、春榆上均可完成发育,但在4种寄主上的子代数量以及对4种寄主的为害程度不同,‘赛买提'杏是脐腹小蠹生长发育及繁殖的最适寄主,其次是扁桃、新疆桃,脐腹小蠹也可为害春榆。     

Potential distribution ranges in Europe for Ips hauseri, Ips subelongatus and Scolytus morawitzi, a CLIMEX analysis

Introduced bark and ambrosia beetles have become a worldwide problem for the forest industry as well as for recreational parks and nature reserves by directly damaging wood material and killing trees or by vectoring lethal tree diseases. In this study we used the climatic modeling program CLIMEX to simulate potential distribution ranges for three different Asian bark beetles, Ips hauseri (Reitter), Ips subelongatus (Motschulsky) and Scolytus morawitzi (Semenov) on the basis of their current distribution. The program calculates an ecoclimatic index based on the life cycle requirements of a species and thus represents the probability of a viable population existing at a certain location. Simulations show that all of the studied species have a potential distribution according to climatic factors. Also, potential hosts for these species grow in much of Europe, making the potential establishment of these species possible. Simulation with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenario A1B resulted in changes of 200 to 900 km at the northern and southern edges of the distribution ranges for the studied species.     

杏园脐腹小蠹空间分布型及易受害寄主生长性状研究

在脐腹小蠹(Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov)发生期,通过调查杏园脐腹小蠹空间分布及寄主生长性状发现:在杏园脐腹小蠹呈聚集分布,且个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分是个体群;当种群密度1.68头/株时,环境条件是其聚集的主因;当种群密度4.92头/株时,脐腹小蠹的聚集习性和环境条件是脐腹小蠹聚集的主因;其为害程度与杏树新生枝条长度、直径、百叶重和叶片含水量呈显著负相关,与叶绿素含量无相关关系;不同受害程度杏树树脂分泌量呈正态分布,零星被害和持续被害杏树树脂分泌量显著大于健康和易被害致死杏树;6月平均新生枝条长度14.85cm、直径0.31cm、百叶重52.40g的杏树易受害,新生枝条长度12.70cm、直径0.29cm、百叶重49.36g的杏树易受害致死。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera.     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能,在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下,研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明,胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短,不取食烟粉虱,其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱,捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型;胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌）,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）;雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强,是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。