中国粗鳍鱼属鱼类分类研究(月鱼目:粗鳍鱼科)

对我国粗鳍鱼属鱼类分类进行研究整理,记述了我国产的2种粗鳍鱼,其中石川粗鳍鱼(TrachipterusishikawaeJordaeetSnyder)为我国东海鱼类新纪录,并对其形态进行描述。     

真鯛种苗的鳍切除标志

(1) 60mm的真鲷种苗的尾、腹鳍切除鱼的试验时间分别为105日和253日,80mm的腹鳍、胸鳍切除鱼为375日。 (2)60—80mm种苗因鳍切除导致的死亡率不超过10％。 (3)鳍切除鱼饲育中的成长超过放流于天然海域的腹鳍切除鱼。平均尾叉长65—67mm的种苗经253日饲育后达131mm,81—84mm的种苗375日后达174—184mm。 (4)尾叉长和无切除腹鳍软条长、棘条长、尾鳍上叶长和胸鳍长的关系可以用直线回归式表示。 (5)65mm种苗的腹鳍在253日后的再生率达0.74—0.78,67mm的尾鳍105日后达0.94,84mm的腹鳍375日为0.77,81mm的胸鳍375日为0.73。 (6)切除腹鳍的再生软条数在4条以下的个体占65％,84mm种苗中占76％。 (7)鳍切除鱼的识别率除67mm种苗的尾鳍切除鱼外,其他标志鱼到试验完毕时均达到100％。据推测标志的有效性也就是在65mm腹鳍切除鱼放流后1年,67mm尾鳍切除鱼2个月,85mm腹鳍切除鱼2—2.5年,81mm胸鳍切除鱼2.5—3年期间内,其识别率都在80％以上。尤其是切除腹鳍的再生软条不足,可以作为永久标志的识别要素。     

北部湾斑鳍白姑鱼的年龄与生长

通过对斑鳍白姑鱼(Pennahia pawak)鳞片年轮的观察和基础生物学测定,研究斑鳍白姑鱼的年龄判定与生长特性.采用自2008年8月至2009年5月北部湾海域底拖网、流刺网和钓具作业的斑鳍白姑鱼渔获样本,共计626尾.结果认为斑鳍白姑鱼鳞片的年轮显示为空白型窄带,边缘增长率MGI计算结果表明,年轮主要在9-11月形成,为1年1个周期;性腺成熟指数(GSI)表明,繁殖期为4-8月份,年轮形成于繁殖期之后.本研究利用最大似然法估算了von Bertalanffy、Logistic、Gompertz和Generalized von Bertalanffy生长方程的生长参数,ARSS检验得出雌雄生长在4个生长方程中均无显著性差异(P>0.05),AIC、AIC差值和BIC检验得出Logistic生长方程为最适生长模型,主要参数分别为:渐进体长L∞=220.32 mm,生长曲线的平均速率K=0.58,初始年龄t0=0.905.斑鳍白姑鱼在3龄之前生长迅速,之后生长趋于减缓.为保护产卵补充群体和合理开发利用北部湾的斑鳍白姑鱼资源,以及考虑实际渔业生产状况,建议以2龄的体长146.53 mm作为最小开捕体长标准.     

长江干流长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)繁殖生物学

2012年3月-2014年12月对长江上游宜宾江段采集的521尾野生长鳍吻(鱼句)进行了繁殖生物学研究.结果显示,长鳍吻(鱼句)种群雌雄比为1.41∶1,繁殖期为3-5月,盛期为4月上旬至5月上旬.繁殖季节可通过吻端细小“珠星”鉴别雌雄,雄鱼最小性成熟年龄为2+龄,最小成熟体长为173 mm,体重为90.4 g,成熟系数为0.36％;雌鱼最小性成熟年龄为3+龄,最小成熟体长为185 mm,体重为119.6 g,成熟系数为11.30％.繁殖群体中,雌性优势龄组为3+龄,雄性优势龄组为2+龄和3+龄.统计结果显示,长鳍吻(鱼句)绝对繁殖力(F)为16399-39835(26816±7875)粒/尾,体重相对繁殖力(FW)为162-234(189±23)粒/g,体长相对繁殖力(FL)为877-1659(1231±246)粒/cm.通过对性腺成熟系数、卵径分布频率以及性腺组织切片结果的综合分析认为,长鳍吻(鱼句)属于完全同步产卵类型.     

绿鳍马面鲀

<正> 绿鳍马面鲀属鲀形目、革鲀科、马面鲀属。俗称橡皮鱼、剥皮鱼(上海和江苏、浙江、福建)或猪鱼、皮匠鱼等(辽宁、河北、山东)。外形较特殊,体颇侧扁,口小,牙门齿状。鳞小,呈绒毛状。第一背鳍有1粗大鳍棘,第二背鳍具34～41鳍条。臀鳍具32～38鳍条。两腹鳍退化成1不能活动的短棘,体呈蓝灰色,第二背鳍、臀鳍和胸鳍均呈绿     

东海区单层流刺网对棘绿鳍鱼的选择性

为了明晰东海区单层流刺网对棘绿鳍鱼的选择性特征,开展不同网目尺寸(45、50和55 mm)和网片高度(6和10 m)的单层流刺网生产实验。结果显示,不同实验网渔获物中棘绿鳍鱼体长频率呈单峰分布;选用Normal、Lognormal和Gamma模型对渔获数据进行拟合,并使用极大似然法估算模型参数,似然比卡方检验和赤池信息系数(AIC)比较表明,Lognormal模型拟合效果最佳,其卡方值为30.65,明显小于临界值,AIC值为147.78,模型曲线向右倾斜明显,峰值左侧选择率递增较快,右侧下降缓慢,与原始数据相符;50 mm网目50%选择性体长为123 mm,有效捕捞体长范围为123~209 mm;根据遭遇网具的棘绿鳍鱼资源结构估算结果,实验海域棘绿鳍鱼体长频率呈正态分布,优势体长范围为125~185 mm,与早期研究结果相近;50 mm网目有效捕捞体长范围与当前资源优势体长范围相近,可实现捕捞效率的最大化;总体上两种高度(6和10 m)实验网渔获物中,棘绿鳍鱼体长频率分布相似,优势体长范围相近,上述两种网片高度对棘绿鳍鱼资源的影响差异不显著。上述研究结果可为近海渔业生产和管理提供参考。     

牛山湖翘嘴鲌和红鳍原鲌的年龄与生长

于2002年4月~2003年3月研究了牛山湖翘嘴鲌(C luter alburnus)和红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)的年龄组成与生长。研究结果表明,翘嘴鲌由5个年龄组组成,以2~4龄鱼为主;红鳍原鲌由3个年龄组组成,以2龄鱼为主。翘嘴鲌的平均体长和体重分别为367 mm和551 g;红鳍原鲌的平均体长和体重分别为141 mm和42 g。翘嘴鲌和红鳍原鲌的体长与体重关系式分别为W=0.00001L2.9902与W=0.000005L3.1941。牛山湖鱼类主要由适应静水生活的湖泊定居性鱼类组成,红鳍原鲌较多,而翘嘴鲌较少。     

红鳍东方鲀链球菌病

<正> 1 发病情况 在我国,养殖红鳍东方鲀链球菌病最早于2000年春季在大连确认于室内水槽越冬养殖1龄鱼。尔后,在大连,陆续于2002年春季发现于室内水槽越冬养殖1龄鱼和2龄鱼,并发现于室内水槽培育1月龄稚鱼,于2002年夏秋季发现于海面网箱养殖1～3龄鱼,于2002年秋季发现于池塘培育出池后转放到海面网箱暂养的当年鱼,     

红鳍东方Tun链球菌病

1 发病情况 在我国,养殖红鳍东方鲀链球菌病最早于2000年春季在大连确认于室内水槽越冬养殖1龄鱼。尔后,在大连,陆续于2002年春季发现于室内水槽越冬养殖1龄鱼和2龄鱼,并发现于室内水槽培育1月龄稚鱼,于2002年夏秋季发现于海面网箱养殖1～3龄鱼,于2002年秋季发现于池塘培育出池后转放到海面网箱暂养的当年鱼,     

长鳍吻鮔♀×圆口铜鱼♂杂交试验及杂种(F_1)生长适应性初报

<正>一、杂交试验1.杂交组合2016年5月10日,向家坝放流站利用长鳍吻母本和圆口铜鱼父本,进行了杂交试验,获得了一批杂种(F_1),内部姑且命名为"长鳍铜"。长鳍吻属鲤科、亚科、吻属,圆口铜鱼属鲤科、亚科、铜鱼属,按亲本的亲缘关系属属间杂交。2.亲本长鳍吻为放流站2014年驯养,5~6龄,体     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.     

Operating parameters affecting biofloc technology: carbon source,carbon/nitrogen ratio,feeding regime,stocking density,salinity, aeration,and microbial community manipulation

Aquaculture International - The world population continues to increase day by day. Therefore, aquaculture needs to grow in order to response the need for protein foods and to cope with the problem...