二季作区春马铃薯病虫害发生规律及防治

1　前　言随着马铃薯脱毒技术及栽培技术的发展 ,马铃薯在我国二季作区的种植面积日益广大。由于本地种植的马铃薯不但品质好 ,而且上市早 ,深受消费者青睐 ,市场需求也越来越大 ,薯农在增加了经济效益的同时 ,也丰富了当地的“菜篮子”。但本地区马铃薯种植新区较多 ,许多种植户对马铃薯病虫害发生特点及防治缺乏了解和措施 ,特别是轮作二茬之后 ,病虫害的危害更加严重 ,往往造成减产、减收。邯农马铃薯研究课题组从 1994年开始对马铃薯高产栽培方法、高效套种体系及病虫害发生规律研究均取得了很好的效果。这里以春马铃薯病虫害发生规律做…     

宁夏马铃薯产业现状与发展对策

分析了宁夏马铃薯产业中存在马铃薯良种繁育技术水平较低,病虫害防治技术体系不健全,马铃薯产业化程度低,加工业落后等问题;指出缺少有效抵御马铃薯晚疫病等病害的高抗优质品种,生产中马铃薯病虫害发生严重,贮藏规模小,技术落后等限制性发展因素;针对性地提出了该产业今后发展必需建立起完整的产业化工程体系。     

南太平洋发展中国家的马铃薯生产(第二部分)

<正> 作者在这一部分将谈到马铃薯的种薯来源与贮藏,食用马铃薯的贮藏与销售以及病虫害问题。由于全部种子都依赖进口,已成为扩大马铃薯的主要限制因素,作者提出,此事可由南太平洋国家承担。     

中国马铃薯病虫害检测技术标准解析

在马铃薯生产加工过程中,病虫害严重危害马铃薯的产量和质量。通过有效的技术检测可以提前预测病害发生情况,有效地控制和预防病害的发展,降低损失,保障效益。对病虫害检测方面28个现行有效的国家标准和行业标准进行梳理,结合标准中的检测技术,针对不同病害特点,解析病害最适用的检测手段,以便为生产中马铃薯病虫害检测工作提供指导。     

迪庆州马铃薯主要病虫害发生种类及防治现状

<正>近年来,随着云南省以马铃薯为特色支柱产业和冬作农业开发力度的加大,极大地促进了迪庆州马铃薯生产的发展,种植面积近0.6万hm2,种薯繁育面积达0.33万hm2,平均667m2产量接近1000kg。但是,以马铃薯病毒病、紫顶萎蔫病、斑潜蝇为代表的病虫害成为严重影响和威胁马铃薯     

陇南山区马铃薯病虫害无公害综合防治技术

马铃薯是陇南武都、礼县、西和、宕昌四县主栽作物之一。主栽区年降水低于 5 5 0mm ,属旱作农业 ,绝大部分为春季一季作。全区现马铃薯种植面积 4 7万hm2 ,年产鲜薯 5 0万t。据不完全调查 ,马铃薯病虫害近 70种 ,因病虫害而减产在12 %～ 30 %,严重年份减产在 5 0 %以上 ,是造成生产中产量不稳定、产品商品率低的重要因素。常见病虫害有 14种 ,与发达地区相比我区防治水平低 ,存在较大差距 ,在多年的田间管理实践中 ,以预防为主 ,综合防治为出发点 ,总结了一套生产无公害绿色产品的病虫害综合防治技术。1　种子防治1 1　选种选种包括两层…     

‘黑美人’紫色马铃薯在浙南山区种植的表现及栽培技术

紫色马铃薯是一种集营养、保健、观赏于一身的彩色马铃薯新品种,除具有细腻香面的上佳品质、色泽鲜艳的独特外观之外,又富含维生素E、维生素C、淀粉等营养成分。它还含有一种功能独特,具有保健、药用价值的物质叫"花青素"。针对‘黑美人’紫色马铃薯在景宁当地种植过程中的生育期、抗逆性、经济效益等方面的表现,综合实施科学栽培,初步掌握了‘黑美人’紫色马铃薯在土壤选择、种薯处理、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获等栽培技术要点。     

寒地马铃薯“宽高密”高产栽培模式示范与应用

依据克山农场当地各种资源优势,完善总结"宽高密"高产栽培模式应用的主要成效,简述模式中的整地播种、田间管理、病虫害防治等栽培技术要点,同时提出了配套管理措施、种薯优质化、加强科技培训、提升标准化机械化水平的措施。该项栽培模式的推广应用对提高马铃薯单产、提升马铃薯品质、促进马铃薯产业健康发展必将起到积极地推动作用。     

晋北丘陵山区马铃薯高产高效生产关键技术

晋北地区是山西马铃薯的主要产区,约占全省马铃薯种植面积的50%,但大部分丘陵山区由于生产条件差,生产方式粗放,生产力水平提升缓慢,单产低而不稳的问题一直没有得到很好的解决。本文简要分析了晋北地区马铃薯生产的优势与问题,从选择品种、水肥管理、种薯处理、规范化生产、病虫害防治及收获,提出了该地区马铃薯高产的关键技术措施,以达到指导生产,提高农民经济效益的目的。     

马铃薯养分需求及生长发育过程中的影响因素

马铃薯是一种喜肥作物,生长发育各个阶段都需要养分供应,在其生长发育过程中,会受到多种因素的影响,最终会反映到产量和品质上。总结了马铃薯生长发育过程中对氮磷钾养分的需求量以及分配运转的规律,还分析了影响马铃薯产量和品质的因素,即土壤质地、栽培技术、肥料、田间病虫害等,期望对生产能起到一定指导作用。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。