板栗树上的蠹虫

近几年来,在陕西省秦岭沿线各栗区,发现大量板栗幼树枯死,经调查是6种小蠹2种长蠹的危害所致,其名称如下:①瘤胸材小蠹 Xyleborus rubricollisEichhoff②光滑材小蠹 Xyleborus germdnusBlandford③削尾材小蠹 Xyleborus mutilatusBlandford④端齿材小蠹 Xyleborus opicalis     

西双版纳地区危害橡胶树的蠹虫种类

<正> 据调查,西双版纳地区危害橡胶树的蠹虫种类有12种,分别属于四科。 一、小蠹科Scolytidae的种类及特征检索: 1(3)鞘翅长比胸长为1.6或鞘翅长为胸长的1.5倍。 2(5)鞘尾端狭窄。 3(4)鞘翅长比胸长为1.6。虫体侧面观背方平直。鞘翅前背方光秃无毛。刻点小,均匀分布,不分沟中和沟间……茸毛材小蠹Xyleborus armipenis Schedl。     

滇东南橡胶树寒害后次期性害虫危害状况调查

调查了2011年1月云南滇东南橡胶树遭受特大寒害后,引发了以橡胶树小蠹虫类为主的次期性害虫的严重发生和危害,共调查橡胶树6 541株,其中受小蠹虫危害株418株,橡胶树虫蛀率6%,共采集成虫标本232头,种类分属小蠹科Scolytidae、长小蠹科Platypodidae、锯谷盗科Siovanidae、露甲科Nitidulidae等4科4属5种,暗翅材小蠹(Xyleborus semiopacus)和对粒材小蠹(Xyleborus perforans)为优势种;调查还对由于频繁的自然灾害和长年的营养失衡导致橡胶树群体衰退是橡胶林次期性害虫大发生的潜在和根本的原因进行探讨;提出需要对滇东南植胶环境重新研究和评价,对植胶半个多世纪所依循的技术体系和经营体制进行重新审视,以期实现重大变革,使滇东南植胶业得以持续发展。     

3种虫道真菌对光滑足距小蠹生长发育和繁殖的影响

1836年,Schmidberger首次发现蛀木质部小蠹是以坑道壁上排列的栅栏状物为食,由于弄不明白这些栅栏状物为何物,便将它们称为ambrosia,意为神的食物(Fisher et al.,1953;1954;Schmidberger,1836)。1844年,Hartig明确了被北方材小蠹(Xyleborus dispar)幼虫取食的栅栏状物是丛梗孢属(Monilia)的一种真菌(Batra,1967)。此后,ambrosia fungi,即虫道真菌,便被广泛用于对生长在坑道中、为蠹虫所取食的真菌之称,而将在木     

材小蠹属与真菌共生关系的研究概况

小蠹科Scolytidae是重要的森林害虫,为害部位在树皮与边材之间,或在心材内部,前者俗名为树皮甲虫bark beetle,直接取食树皮,后者为食菌甲虫ambrosia beetle,与真菌共生,通过真菌消化木材纤维,获取能量。两者的种类数量约各占小蠹科的一半。在食菌甲虫中材小蠹属Xyleborus Eichhoff是其中最大的属,全世界约有1500种,分布于环球的热带区和亚热带区,我国     

青海云杉(拟)齿小蠹聚集信息素研究进展

对危害青海云杉的光臀八齿小蠹、香格里拉齿小蠹及东方拟齿小蠹聚集信息素系统进行研究,并成功鉴定出3种(拟)齿小蠹的聚集信息素组分。光臀八齿小蠹聚集信息素由2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇,74%-(-)-小蠹二烯醇和(S)-顺式-马鞭草烯醇3种成分组成;香格里拉齿小蠹聚集信息素的有效组分为2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇,99%-(+)-小蠹二烯醇和(S)-顺式-马鞭草烯醇,东方拟齿小蠹聚集信息素由95%-(-)-小蠹烯醇和(S)-顺式-马鞭草烯醇2种成分组成。3种人工合成的小蠹虫聚集信息素已在害虫发生期及种群动态监测中进行野外试验,并取得预期效果。     

熏蒸处理进口原木

最近江苏省木材公司通过中国土畜产进出口公司从非洲象牙海岸进口了一批原木。原木运进后即分散到句容、丹阳、无锡、常州、南通、淮阴、盐城、江都、南通等地。经南京动植物检疫所检查发现木材中带有大量害虫,计有材小蠹属(Xyleborus)的南     

4种切梢小蠹携带伴生菌的带菌率差异

[目的]为了弄清中国云南4种切梢小蠹伴生菌的携带率差异,了解伴生菌在蠹害过程中的互作关系。[方法]采用人工接种法和野外调查法,检测松树韧质部是否蓝变,判断切梢小蠹带菌情况,统计分析小蠹试验材料的带菌率。[结果]云南切梢小蠹成虫带菌率(80%)明显高于横坑切梢小蠹(63%)、松芽小蠹(53%)、华山松切梢小蠹(56%)。切梢小蠹幼虫的带菌率最高(90%),其次是蛹的带菌率(78%),新成虫的带菌率最低(58%)。切梢小蠹头(33%)、足(30%)、翅(32%)3个重要器官带菌率差异不明显。林间调查表明,切梢小蠹伴生菌提高了小蠹蛀干繁殖的成功率。[结论]首次报道了中国云南4种切梢小蠹伴生菌的带菌特性及其差异,研究结果为揭示云南省切梢小蠹成灾机制及探索切梢小蠹有效防控新途径提供了科学数据支持。     

攀枝花市凤凰木衰退病因的研究

对攀枝花市凤凰木衰退病发生原因的调查研究表明该病的发生是多方面因素共同作用的结果,归纳为诱发因子(predisposing factors),如空气污染严重、年降雨量分布不均匀、土壤粘重板结、土壤瘠薄等恶劣环境因素.激化因子(Inciting factors),受干旱严重重复发生的胁迫、霜冻及凤凰木夜蛾(Pericyma cruegeri)、尺蠖(Buzura suppresaria)等食叶害虫的年年严重危害.促进因子(Contributing factors)受凤凰木根腐病、端齿材小蠹(Xyleborus     

广西桉树蛀干害虫的风险分析及管理对策研究

桉树蛀干害虫在广西有19种,隶属3目9科.为全面掌握各种蛀干害虫的危险程度,为开展综合管理提供科学决策依据,采用多指标综合评价法对蛀干害虫在广西的风险性进行了综合分析.结果表明:削尾材小蠹Xyleborus mutilatus和云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi存在高度风险,星天牛Anoplophora chinensis、光肩星天牛A.glabripennis、桉蝙蝠蛾Phassus sp.、咖啡豹蠹蛾Zeuzera coffeae、桉干透翅蛾Sesia sp.等5种害虫存在中度风险,对广西桉树潜在威胁性极大.同时,根据分析结果提出了桉树蛀干害虫的管理对策.     

Flight pattern of some Scolytidae attracted to flight barrier traps baited with ethanol in an oak forest in Greece

In an oak forest (Quercus frainetto) flight barrier traps baited with ethanol were used in order to attract wood and bark boring insects and study their flight pattern. There were trapped 19 species from which 9 were Scolytidae, 3 Bostrychidae, 2 Anobiidae, 1 Platypodidae and 1 Buprestidae. The most frequently species trapped was Xyleborus saxeseni. Totally 5 scolytid species (X. saxeseni, X. dispar, X. monographus, X. dryographus and Trypodendron signatum) were trapped in relatively high numbers. Their flight pattern is presented and discussed.     

Beiträge zur Biologie und Bekämpfung vonXyleborus (Anisandrus) dispar F. andX. saxeseni Ratz. (Col., Scolytidae)

Summary Contributions to bionomy and control of Xyleborus dispar F. and X. saxeseni Rtz. (Col., Scolytidae) In the beginning of May the females ofX. dispar began to swarm. Within about a week they established their system of hatching tubes which had a mean length of 12.95 cm. In the average 28 eggs were laid in 15 days in heaps in the horizontal fork corridor. 2–3 days after the first laying of the eggs the larvae came out. The change into the chrysalis state occured in another 14–16 days. The young beetle shed after 14–16 days of larva rest their exuviae. After 4 days of feeding, the melanin formation was completed. The whole process took 33 days. A generation needed a period of 54 days stretched over the months of May and June. The sexual ratio (M:F) is 1:2 and the sexual index was 0.6. Only one generation per year was produced and hibernated in the hatching tubes until next spring. Summarizing the results give a bionomic formula of 5 – 56/6 + 6, 4 5 forXyleborus dispar.Xyleborus saxeseni showed an average of 73 offsprings per hatching site. Both Xyleborus species were controlled with Metasystox (i).

---

---

A 1180 Wien, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Institut für Forstentom. u. Forstschutz der Hochschule für Bodenkultur.     

Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) can directly transmit the fungal pathogens responsible for Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death

The ecologically and culturally vital tree species, ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), is threatened by the fungal pathogens Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia, the causal agents of the disease complex called Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD). Four invasive ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species in the Xyleborini tribe colonize ROD Ceratocystis-infested ‘ōhiʻa and produce inoculum through their frass; however, the potential for direct transmission of the ROD fungi by these beetles was unknown. We fulfilled Leach's rules to support insect transmission of ROD by documenting the visitation of these ambrosia beetles to healthy ‘ōhiʻa trees, culturing C. lukuohia and C. huliohia from the ROD-associated beetles using three different collection methods at multiple study sites, and challenging healthy ʻōhiʻa seedlings with beetles that were exposed to both C. lukuohia and C. huliohia cultures. We documented all four invasive ROD-associated ambrosia beetle species including Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, and Xyleborus perforans to regularly visit healthy ʻōhiʻa trees on sticky traps. Viable Ceratocystis propagules were isolated from all species, and C. lukuohia was most commonly isolated of the two ROD-causing fungi. Consistently across all collection techniques, ROD Ceratocystis spp. were detected on just under 3% of all assayed beetles, with the highest detection rate from X. affinis. All four beetle species were capable of directly transmitting both pathogens to healthy ʻōhiʻa seedlings with a high rate of transfer. Ceratocystis spp. are highly virulent pathogens in trees, and a single inoculation can result in tree death, therefore any direct transmission is a cause for concern. After meeting the criteria of Leach's rules, we propose that Xi. saxesenii, X. affinis, X. ferrugineus, and X. perforans are vectors of C. lukuohia and C. huliohia, particularly in areas of high ROD pressure and tree stress.     

危害核桃的小蠹种类及防治对策

简述了辽宁省核桃栽培区危害核桃的黄须球小蠹，小咪小蠹，核桃咪小蠹，小粒材小蠹等的形态特征，生物学特性及防治对策。     

Beetles (Coleoptera) caught with pheromones of Gnathotrichus retusus and G. sulcatus (Col., Scolytidae) in southern Finland

The ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus materiarius, which originally came from North America, was discovered in southern Finland in 1996. In 1997, using Norwegian drainpipe traps baited with pheromones of Gnathotrichus retusus and G. sulcatus, we collected beetles in the region where the first specimen had been caught in order to determine whether this potential pest species had become established in the area. Samples from a total of 16 traps included 79 species of beetles and 719 individuals, but no specimens of G. materiarius. The most abundant species in the samples were the ambrosia beetles Xyleborus dispar and Trypodendron lineatum. Several predators and other associates of bark beetles were also captured. The majority of the beetles caught were saproxylic species.     

Response of swamp bay,Persea palustris,and redbay,P. borbonia,to Raffaelea spp. isolated from Xyleborus glabratus

Laurel wilt is a devastating invasive disease of members of the Lauraceae plant family. It is caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, which is a nutritional symbiont of its ambrosia beetle vector, Xyleborus glabratus. In the United States, six Raffaelea spp., in addition to R. lauricola, have been recovered from mycangia of X. glabratus. We compared the response of two laurel wilt suspects, swamp bay (Persea palustris) and redbay (Persea borbonia), to five of these species, another undescribed Raffaelea sp., and R. lauricola. Six weeks after inoculation, only R. lauricola caused significantly greater symptoms than water inoculations. The fungi varied in their ability to move systemically and be recovered from the host at the end of the experiment. Stem hydraulic conductivity was decreased by R. lauricola, but none of the other taxa. Although the roles these fungi play in the life cycle of X. glabratus are not known, they do not appear to be pathogens on these host tree species.     

Spatial distribution pattern of attack of the oak borer,Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae), and scolytid ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on fresh logs

The spatial distribution patterns of the attack on fresh logs ofPasania edulis was studied for the oak borer,Platypus quercivorus (Murayama), and two species of Scolytid ambrosia beetles,Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) andXyleborus attenuatus Blanford, in 1994 and 1995. On the logs where onlyP. quercivorus attacked, the entry holes were distributed uniformly when attack intensity was low. However, the distribution pattern became more aggregated with the increase in attack intensity. On logs where bothP. quercivorus and the two Scolytid species attacked, there was a negative association between the spatial distribution of the entry holes ofP. quercivorus and that of scolytids. Simultaneous attack of two scolytids also increased the degree of aggregation of the entry holes ofP. quercivorus. The entry holes of scolytids were distributed in groups irrespective of the attack intensity of scolytids andP. quercivorus. These results suggest an asymmetrical interspecific relationship betweenP. quercivorus and scolytids. Concentration of the entry holes ofP. quercivorus in a small area may cause a considerable decline in the reproductive success in the galleries constructed there.     

黑龙江省朗乡自然保护区鸟类区系初步分析

黑龙江朗乡自然保护区鸟类有17目44科197种。区内鸟类种数占黑龙江省鸟类种数的57.4%,占小兴安岭鸟类种数的77.0%。其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类28种;按区系类型分,古北种146种,广布种48种,东洋种3种。