氨基酸对鲫鱼、泥鳅的诱食活性

鱼类的摄饵刺激物质中,主要活性成份是氨基酸[荻野珍吉,1984年译本]。近年来,日本学者从促进水产养殖动物的食欲和提高饵料中植物蛋白质的利用率出发,开展了对促进水产动物摄食的引诱物质(主要是氨基酸)的试验研究[Katsuhiko Harada,1987;Katsuhiko Harada等,1987;Kenji Naka Jima等,1989],但国内对此则刚刚起步,宋天复等[1989]曾发现2％的丙氨酸、缬氨酸对金鱼的摄食无明显作用,但将氨基酸的浓度提高到16％即有明显的促摄作用。氨基酸对金鱼摄食活动的影响效果不仅决定于氨     

氨基酸对鲫鱼、泥鳅诱食活性的观察

１引言鱼类具有灵敏的嗅觉与味觉，海、淡水鱼的味觉器官对于氨基酸都具有较强烈的感受性，挥发性弱的氨基酸亦能刺激鱼的嗅觉感受器。１９２４年strieck第一个进行了鱼类摄食行为试验。近年来的研究结果证明，鱼类的摄饵引诱物中，其活性成份主要是氨基酸。因鱼类的不同，氨基酸引诱作用的强弱将因种类和浓度的不同而不同，Ala、Arg、Gly、Pro是对较多鱼类有效应的。伊奈和夫对真鲷的试验中发现，只有Gly、L－Val、L－Ala等３种氨基酸混合存在时，饵料才能显示活性。宋天复（１９８９）报导质量浓度２％的Ala．Val．Glu和盐酸甜菜碱对…     

低温条件下诱食剂对泥鳅诱食作用的研究

研究了在水温15℃左右条件下,4种氨基酸、甜菜碱、四角蛤蜊和田螺提取物对泥鳅的诱食作用。结果显示,在低温条件下,四角蛤蜊提取物和甜菜碱对泥鳅表现出了较高的诱食促生长作用,所有的氨基酸组合都表现出具有诱食作用,但单一的甘氨酸和谷氨酸没有诱食作用,甘氨酸还表现出一定的摄食抑制作用。     

四种物质对草鱼、鲫鱼、泥鳅诱食活性的研究

研究甜菜碱、化十香味素、巧克力香味素和香蕉香味素分别对草鱼、鲫鱼、泥鳅的诱食效果结果表明,四种物质对草鱼有排斥作用,甜菜碱对鲫鱼有一定引诱作用,其他三种则没有。四种物质对泥鳅均表现出明显的引诱作用,其强弱为：甜菜碱＞巧克力香味素／化十香味素、香蕉香味素     

不同诱食剂对3种鱼类诱食活性的研究

１９９８年７－８月,以真鲷（Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｐｈｒｙｓ ｍａｊｏｒ）、红鳍东方Ｔｕｎ（Ｆｕｇｕ ｒｕｂｒｉｐｅｓ）、条纹鲈（Ｍｏｒｏｕｌ ｓａｔａｔｉｌｉｓ）为对象进行氨基酸、核苷酸及动植物粗提取物诱食活性实验。结果用ｔ检验统计分析,这些诱食剂对真鲷的诱食效果依次为甘氨酸＋丙氨酸〉甘氨酸〉蛤蜊提取液〉组氨酸〉乌贼内脏液〉丙氨酸〉精氨酸〉石莼提取液〉丙氨酸＋甜菜碱〉紫菜提取液〉甘氨酸＋丙氨酸＋组氨酸〉脯     

3种中草药复合诱食剂对金鱼诱食活性的研究

以金鱼为研究对象,对比不同中草药复方对金鱼的诱食效果。根据鱼类的诱食本质,试验利用试球法,探讨了3种中草药复合诱食剂诱食活性的大小。每次试验重复5次,使用SPSS17．0软件进行分析。结果显示：3种中草药复合诱食剂都具有诱食活性．复方1P=0．001〈0．05、复方2P=0．003〈0．05、复方3P＝0．032〈0.05。说明这3种复方对金鱼的诱食效果都具有显著的统计意义。     

氨基酸强化饵料对大菱鲆诱食活性的研究

以平均体长3—5cm的大菱鲆为实验对象,采用触球法、迷宫法等实验方法,通过8种氨基酸对实验大菱鲆进行诱食活性研究,每组实验重复3次,使用SPSS软件进行分析。结果表明,其中L-甘氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-赖氨酸的诱食活性呈显著性差异（P〈0．01）。其中以甘氨酸的诱食活性最大,其他次之。     

诱食剂对鳜鱼生长效果的试验研究

1 材料和方法 1．1 试验养殖系统 试验在永州职业技术学院室内循环系统中进来，该养殖系统由养殖试验桶和一套水处理池组成，养殖水循环使用，用空气压缩机充空气进行增氧。补充用水为自来水，每天换水量约为总量的1／5，以保持水质清新。试验期间养殖用水的溶解氧保持在6mg／L以上。     

诱食剂对鳜生长效果的试验研究

试验在永州职业技术学院室内循环系统中进行,该养殖系统由养殖试验桶和一套水处理池组成,养殖水循环使用,用空气压缩机增氧。补充用水为自来水,每天换水量约为总量的1／5,以保持水质清新。试验期间养殖用水的溶解氧保持在6mg／L以上。     

Effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction activity,growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus

The study was to investigate the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) powder on feeding attraction activity, growth performance and digestive enzymes of juvenile Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus (initial weight: 29.82 ± 0.24 g). Six concentration gradients (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/kg diets) were formulated for luring and feeding experiment. The results showed a clear attractive trend of garlic powder for L. japonicus. A 28‐day feeding experiment indicated garlic could reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < .05). The content of the body crude lipid was significantly increased at 10–15 g/kg diet (p < .05). Digestive enzyme activities including trypsin, amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS) in the intestine were the highest at 10 g/kg diet (p < .05). Overall, garlic powder provides a promising and effective method for Japanese seabass healthy culture by improving fish growth and digestive ability. The results of this research suggested the additive suitable dosage of garlic powder was about 10 g/kg diet.     

Production of protein hydrolysates from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera as feeding attractants for Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Skipjack tuna viscera hydrolysate (TVH) was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase. A study of the effect of time and enzyme concentration was performed and formed the basis for preparing TVH with the desired degree of hydrolysis (DH). An enzyme to substrate ratio of 5 g kg⁻¹ (TVH A1) and 16.4 g kg⁻¹ (TVH A2) at pH 8.0 with a temperature of 50 °C, and hydrolysis time of 60 min were found to be optimal conditions to obtain hydrolysis of 42.9% and 62.9%, respectively. Both TVH A1 and TVH A2 were analysed for chemical and amino acid composition and peptide size. The effectiveness of TVH at different DH as feeding attractants was estimated in a feeding trial at different inclusion levels. Ten experimental diets , including a fish meal‐based reference diet, were fed to Asian seabass for 28 days. Fish fed the diet supplemented with 30 g kg⁻¹ of TVH A2, and the reference diet showed the highest feed intake (P < 0.05). The growth performance of fish fed diets supplemented with TVH was slightly higher than those of fish fed the control diet, but the reference group showed a significantly higher growth rate (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the supplementation of feed with TVH that has been processed under suitable conditions can improve feed palatability and growth performance when utilizing alternative protein sources in Asian seabass diets.     

马氏刺蛇尾摄食习性的初步研究

在实验室条件下, 对马氏刺蛇尾(Ophiothrix marenzelleri Koehler)的饵料选择性、摄食率和摄食行为等进行了初步研究。结果表明, 马氏刺蛇尾仅能摄食悬浮的有机颗粒, 对食物种类没有选择性, 但对悬浮颗粒的粒径具有选择性。观测结果显示, 其摄食的食物粒径范围为10~1 000 µm, 食物种类包括动植物碎屑、细胞较大的海洋微藻扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima)等。因此, 马氏刺蛇尾的食性属杂食性, 是蛇尾中食微类群的成员。马氏刺蛇尾不摄食时, 常处于静止状态或腕末端翘起; 摄食时数条腕翘起在水中摇动, 通过腕部的管足摆动将水体中的适宜食物颗粒聚集成球状颗粒运送到口中。小规格马氏刺蛇尾的摄食率显著高于较大规格蛇尾(P<<0.05), 马氏刺蛇尾在一昼夜中的摄食高峰出现在8 :00~14 :00, 但是全天均有蛇尾摄食, 其昼夜摄食节律属于无明显节律型。

     

Diel feeding periodicity in larvae of the vendace (Coregonus albula L.) and influence of food availability and environmental factors on food intake

Abstract— Samples were taken every 2 h for 10 days to determine diel foraging periodicity of vendace larvae in the littoral zone of Lake Lentua, northern Finland and to assess environmental factors affecting food intake. Feeding was associated with daylight conditions, so feeding ceased in the dark. Soft-bodied, rapidly digested rotatorians indicated the periodicity more clearly than hard-shelled prey such as cladocerans and copepodites. Wind events and waves in the littoral zone were the major factors affecting food abundance and feeding by the larvae. Waves induced by strong inshore winds reduced zooplankton density, increasing the occurence of larvae with empty guts to 80%. Reduced food availability was reflected in the guts of larvae within 6 h. The density of suitably-sized zooplankton, together with wind effects and photoperiodism, explained most of the variation in gut content in the larvae.     

Effects of food availability on feeding and growth of cultivated juvenile Babylonia formosae habei (Altena & Gittenberger 1981)

Juveniles of the scavenging gastropod Babylonia formosae habei ( Altena & Gittenberger 1981 ) were kept at different ration levels in the laboratory for 30 days. Feeding behaviour and growth performance of the juveniles in relation to food availability were studied. Babylonia formosae habei juveniles were exposed to one of the four ration levels with food provided once either every 1, 2, 5 or 10 days. Higher food consumption, longer time spent on feeding and higher percentage of feeding individuals were obtained in individuals maintained at lower ration levels. Similar growth performances were observed in individuals fed once every day or every two days. A sustained production of shell was obtained in the juveniles maintained at low ration levels. At the end of the experiment, lower protein and lipid content as well as lower energy content were measured in the somatic tissue of juveniles maintained at lower ration levels. During the 30‐day experiment, food availability is not a crucial factor on survival of juvenile B. formosae habei due to its physiological and behavioural adaptations developed in association with starvation.     

Development of a feeding strategy for silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), based on restricted rations

To develop a feeding strategy for the Australian freshwater fish silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell), a series of eight experiments was done in 1 m³ cages in an aerated, earthen pond to determine the effects of feeding rate (% body weight) and feeding frequency (no. of feeds day^?1) on the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fingerlings and larger fish under ambient water temperatures over the range 13.8–30.6°C. Fish were fed extruded pellets of a silver perch diet containing 34% digestible protein and 14 MJ kg^?1 digestible energy. Commercial silver perch farmers were consulted about feeding practices for large fish (>500 g) and at water temperatures below 12°C, and winter feeding practices for other warmwater species were used to complete the strategy. In the feeding experiments, growth and FCR increased with increasing feeding rates to a level above which only FCR increased. Optimal feeding rates and frequencies were those which resulted in maximal growth, while minimizing effort (feeding frequency) and FCR. The highest feeding frequency required for maximal growth, including that of small fingerlings was twice (2 ×) daily, and the optimal feeding rates varied with water temperature and size of fish. The optimal daily regimes were: small fingerlings (initial mean weight, 2.0 g) 7.5% 2 × at a mean temperature of 23.3°C; fingerlings (14.9–27.7 g) 7.5% 2 × at 27.1°C, 5.0% 2 × at 23.7°C and 2.0% 1 × at 16.8°C; and large silver perch (162.5–510.6 g) 0.5% 1 × daily or 1.0% on alternate days at 15.6°C, 1.0% 1 × at 17.3°C, 3.0% 2 × at 24.1°C and 2.0% 2 × at 27.9°C. It is suggested that regimes of 0.5% 1 × daily for fingerlings (<50 g) and 0.5% 1 × on alternate days for larger fish are used at temperatures of 9–12°C, and 0.5% 3 days week^?1 and 0.5% 1 day week^?1 for fingerlings and larger fish, respectively, at 6–9°C. Feed inputs should not exceed 150 kg ha^?1 day^?1 in ponds less than 0.3 ha and 100 kg ha^?1 day^?1 in larger ponds. Our research has established a feeding strategy for silver perch based on restricted rations.     

投喂频率对雌雄分化后灰海马生长发育、饵料转换效率及消化酶活力的影响

以外形刚可辨别雌雄的灰海马(Hippocampus erectus)为研究对象,冰冻糠虾(Mysis spp.)为饵料,研究不同投喂频率(A:1次/d、B:2次/d、C:3次/d和D:4次/d)对雌雄分化后灰海马生长、发育、饵料转换效率及消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,整个实验期间灰海马的体质量特定生长率(WSGR)和体高特定生长率(HSGR)均随投喂频率的增加而增加,其中A、B和C3组雄海马的WSGR和HSGR均高于雌海马,而D组雌雄间差异不显著(P>0.05);随时间的推移,D组雌海马的WSGR和HSGR均呈先增后减趋势,而其它3组均呈下降趋势,且第1周的WSGR和HSGR均显著高于第5周(P<0.05)。B组灰海马的饵料转换效率(FCE)显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。A组雌海马的性腺发育早于其它各组。A组灰海马的脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胃蛋白酶活力均显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),且该组雌海马的上述3种酶活力均显著高于雄海马(P<0.05);各组灰海马的胰蛋白酶活力相互之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,在灰海马的商业养殖中应综合考虑养殖效益,根据不同发育阶段选择不同的投喂方式。而在亲体培育时,选择4次/d的投喂频率最佳。