Preliminary analysis of genomic abnormalities in canine meningiomas

Cytogenetic detection of unbalanced genomic aberrations in tumours is a strategy for the identification of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. When considered in concert with clinical data, the approach also represents a means of identifying markers of prognosis. In a preliminary investigation of the molecular basis of canine meningioma tumorigenesis, we profiled three tumours by comparative genomic hybridization. Distinct patterns of sub-chromosomal deletions were identified suggesting alternative mechanisms of tumour initiation. The deleted chromosomal segments encompass two regions (10q23.1 and 17q22-q23) that are syntenic to the chromosomes (22 and 1p) most often deleted in human meningiomas. A number of genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle progression and apoptosis are located on both the deleted canine chromosomal segments and the syntenic regions deleted in human meningiomas. This study represents the first report of chromosomal copy number abnormalities in non-cultured canine brain tumour tissue.     

Integrated immunohistochemical and DNA copy number profiling analysis provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of canine follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphomas (FLs) typically exhibit a chromosome translocation that induces constitutive expression of the anti‐apoptotic bcl2 protein and accumulation of additional molecular defects. This rearrangement offers a promising therapeutic target, but its nature as a fundamental driver of FL pathogenesis remains unclear as 15% of cases lack the translocation. We performed an integrated immunohistochemical and genomic investigation of 10 naturally occurring FL cases from domestic dogs, showing that, as with human tumours, they exhibit marked heterogeneity in the frequency and intensity of bcl2 protein expression. Genomic copy number aberrations were infrequent and broadly consistent with those of other canine B‐cell lymphoma subtypes. None of the canine FL specimens exhibited a rearrangement consistent with the hallmark translocation of human FL, despite their remarkable histomorphologic similarity. Parallel exploration of canine and human cases may reveal alternative tumour‐initiating mechanisms other than BCL2 disruption, yielding a more complete definition of the molecular pathogenesis of FL.     

犬细小病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与评价

通过序列比对和Blast分析,选定犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)VP2蛋白保守区基因为检测的目的基因,引物采用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计。利用灵敏度较高的TaqMan探针法建立CPV核酸检测方法。通过对标准品的扩增、测序及对标准扩增曲线的绘制,建立CPV核酸检测方法。同时对建立的检测方法进行了检测特异性、灵敏度和重复性分析。将阳性对照标准品进行10倍梯度稀释后可检测到102拷贝/μL样品,表明该检测体系具有较高的检测灵敏度。通过分析表明,本检测方法在用空白对照及类似的猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒作为扩增对照时,没有发现非特异性产物的产生,表明该体系对于CPV的检测是特异的。通过6次批间重复检测,体系的变异系数小于3%,表明该检测体系具有良好的重复性。     

貉源犬瘟热病毒CDV-ZC株分离鉴定、全基因测序与分析

应用非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)从山东省诸城市疑似犬瘟热(canine distemper,CD)感染貉的肝脏、脾脏、肺脏等组织病料的研磨上清液中分离出1株病毒。分离株经Vero细胞传至第4代出现典型的细胞病变效应(CPE),经毒力测定、血清学、RT-PCR检测及测序、回归动物试验证明为犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV),命名为CDV诸城分离株(CDV-ZC)。采用RT-PCR方法分段克隆分离株的全基因序列并测序,测序成功的各序列依次拼接得到全基因序列并进行序列比对。结果表明,CDV-ZC株全基因(KJ994343)与标准美洲型犬瘟热强毒株A75/17核苷酸同源性高达96.5%,而与疫苗株Onderstepoort、CDV3等亲缘关系较远,同源性为91.6%~92.0%。血凝素(H)基因序列分析表明,CDV-ZC株与国内野毒株LN(13)2、GP株等以及日本野毒株UENO、HAMA等共同归属于Asia-1型,在H蛋白信号淋巴细胞激活因子(SLAM)受体结合区即542~544位增加了1个潜在N-连接糖基化位点(N-X-S/T)。致病性强毒株CDV-ZC的成功分离及全基因序列测定加深了我们对当前中国CDV流行株遗传变异情况的了解,为CD的有效预防、诊断及控制提供理论依据。     

鸡白痢沙门菌基因组差异片段的筛选与分析

采用抑制性消减杂交技术（SSH）对鸡白痢沙门菌C79-13株与鸡伤寒沙门菌Sg9株进行了基因组差异片段分析.结果,从C79-13株中共检出13个特异性差异片段.经同源分析,这些序列可分为3类：噬菌体相关序列、质粒相关序列和已知功能序列.这些差异片段包含一些重要的沙门菌毒力相关基因,如编码大肠杆菌素、IpaJ蛋白、尾突蛋白、切除酶的基因.结果表明,鸡白痢沙门菌C79-13株与鸡伤寒沙门茵Sg9株基因组问存在较多差异基因,这些差异片段为确定鸡白痢沙门菌特异性遗传标志,建立分子鉴别新体系提供了基础.     

犬的病料中检测到猪圆环病毒3型

为进一步弄清我国犬是否感染猪圆环病毒3型(porcine circovirus 3,PCV3),本试验对山东省青岛市某宠物医院采集发病犬的48份样品进行PCV3荧光PCR检测,发现7份病料呈现明显阳性,对这7株阳性样品继续用普通PCR扩增,有3份可以扩增出228 bp的特异性条带。这些条带测序后与圆环病毒的其他参考序列进行同源性分析,结果显示这3份样品的病毒序列与其他PCV3参考序列处于同一个进化分支,与PCV3的同源性为93.3%～99.5%,表明我国犬确实存在PCV3感染。     

蜜蜂腺苷酸转移载体基因(ant)的基因组序列克隆与分析

本文通过设计特异引物，克隆到全长为5774bp的蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）腺苷酸转移载体基因（ant）基因组序列（GenBank登录号为AY568009）。利用GeneFinder软件分析发现，蜜蜂ant基因组序列内有3个内含子，分别位于第1717-3078位、第3341-3442位和第3678-3760位，且剪切位置均符合“GT—AG法则”。大小分别为1362bp、102bp和83bp；4个外显子分别位于第1525-1716位、第3079-3340位、第3443～3677位和第3761-4322位，大小分别为192bp、261bp、235bp和562bp，其ORF横跨全部4个外显子。分析蜜蜂ant基因ORF上游1553bp基因组DNA序列的启动子区域，结果发现存在2个启动子，分别位于第1076～1126位和第1242～1292位。     

Evaluation of the drug sensitivity and expression of 16 drug resistance-related genes in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive tumor type originating from histiocytic cell lineages. This disease is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and short survival time. Therefore, it is of critical importance to identify and develop effective antitumor drugs against HS. The objectives of this study were to examine the drug sensitivities of 10 antitumor drugs. Using a real-time RT-PCR system, the mRNA expression levels of 16 genes related to drug resistance in 4 canine HS cell lines established from dogs with disseminated HS were determined and compared to 2 canine lymphoma cell lines (B-cell and T-cell). These 4 canine HS cell lines showed sensitivities toward microtubule inhibitors (vincristine, vinblastine and paclitaxel), comparable to those in the canine B-cell lymphoma cell line. Moreover, it was shown that P-gp in the HS cell lines used in this study did not have enough function to efflux its substrate. Sensitivities to melphalan, nimustine, methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin and etoposide were lower in the 4 HS cell lines than in the 2 canine lymphoma cell lines. The data obtained in this study using cultured cell lines could prove helpful in the developing of advanced and effective chemotherapies for treating dogs that are suffering from HS.     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒JSRV-2基因探针的制备与原位杂交检测

用地高辛随机引物法标记外源性exJSRV特异的JSRV-2片段，制备探针，用原位杂交法检测自然感染绵羊肺腺瘤病（oPA）的病肺组织中JSRV-NM的RNA及前病毒DNA，结果表明’OPA患羊肺肿瘤细胞的胞浆和核内都有JSRV-2基因mRNA的表达，同时也检测到了前病毒DNA，而相应的阴性对照无阳性信号，证实外源性JSRV-NM病毒具有特异性的DNA探针在检测致瘤性前病毒在宿主细胞中的整合具有可信度。     

中国北方绵羊基因组拷贝数变异研究

为寻找绵羊基因组中可能的遗传性状相关标记,本试验采用比较基因组杂交(comparative genomic hybridization,CGH)芯片技术,构建了蒙古羊、哈萨克羊、藏羊的拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)多样性图谱。试验结果显示,共检测出28个CNV区域(CNV region,CNVRs),包括11个扩增型、15个缺失型和2个扩增—缺失型。通过功能注释和代谢通路分析发现,在蒙古羊和藏羊基因组中血红蛋白基因存在拷贝数扩张,可能与两种绵羊长期生活在高原低氧环境中产生的适应性有关。对CNVRs和CNV相关基因进行实时荧光定量PCR检验,83.3%的实时荧光定量PCR结果与芯片检测结果一致。通过对中国北方3种绵羊的基因组CNV的研究,为不同绵羊品种间遗传变异的研究奠定了基础。     

Study on Genome Copy Number Variation of Sheep in Northern China

To detect the association of the biological traits and genetic properties in sheep genome,array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) system was used to identify the CNVs in the sheep genome and the CNVs map was constructed in Mongolian sheep,Kazakh sheep and Tibetan sheep.The results showed that 28 CNV regions (CNVRs) were found,containing 11 gains,15 losses and 2 gain-losses.The HBB gene was amplified in Mongolian sheep and Tibetan sheep,which might be attributed to adaptability in low oxygen and high altitude environment.Real-time PCR was performed for CNVRs and CNV genes,83.3% of Real-time RCR results were consistent with the CGH.The study that performed the genome-wide detection of copy number variations of sheep in Northern China,would provid foundation for studying genetic variation in different sheep breeds.     

苇状羊茅与多年生黑麦草内生真菌菌丝基因组DNA提取的优化及PCR初步检测

感染内生真菌的禾草在牧草和草坪业上具有重要的生态和经济意义,家畜采食感染Neotyphodiumcoenophialum和N.lolii的苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea和多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne会发生中毒。研究收集天津口岸1998年以来进境的部分苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草种子,对经镜检确认带有内生真菌的种子进行分离培养,对疑似菌株的菌丝用改进的Moller等方法进行基因组DNA抽提,测定浓度及纯度,对照原方法,DNA的纯度有较大提高,浓度略有上升。Tubulin2基因的引物IS1~IS3扩增结果显示为单一的条带,结合形态学和序列比对,分离培养得到的菌株可以基本确定为N.coenophialum和N.lolii。根据Gen-bank中N.coenophialum和N.lolii的NC25基因序列设计出引物F1~R1,扩增得到能区分开N.coenophialum和N.lolii的单一条带(相差160 bp),建立了N.coenophialum和N.lolii的PCR检测方法,结果准确可靠。     

抑制性消减杂交技术及其在动物基因研究中的应用

抑制性消减杂交(SSH)是结合抑制性PCR和消减杂交技术发展起来的一种高效分离差异表达基因的方法,具有特异性高、假阳性率低、操作简便、灵敏度高等特点.在两种状态下基因的表达变化、差异基因的克隆和鉴定对基因表达调控有着重要意义.SSH在动物抗病、抗应激及药物的靶基因等方面的研究中取得了重要的进展.     

Establishment and Application of A Double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR Assay for Detection of Canine Distemper Virus and Canine Parvovirus

This study was aimed to establish a double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay to simultaneously and specifically detect canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) in one reaction.Two pairs of specific primers for CDV and CPV,along with two TaqMan MGB probes for each virus were designed in the assay basing on CDV H gene and CPV VP2 gene sequences.The specificity,sensitivity and repetition of the double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay were tested,and 48 samples taken from clinic suspicious CDV and CPV infected canines had been testified by the established double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR.The results indicated that the doulde TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay was successfully established,and the number of standard curve correlation (R²) of CDV and CPV were 0.997 and 0.993,respectively.The specificity of the double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay revealed that amplifications were showed on CDV and CPV samples,but other pathogens and negative controls had no amplifications;The sensitivity of CDV and CPV were both 10 copies/μL.Meanwhile,14 CDV positive samples,19 CPV positive samples and 4 CDV/CPV double positive samples were detected,which were consistent with the results of the sequencing.Therefore,the established double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay had high sensitivity,specificity and flux accurate quantitative,which could be applied to clinical CDV/CPV infection each periods.     

PCR-based detection of Pythium and Lagendium DNA in frozen and ethanol-fixed animal tissues

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of previously described Pythium insidiosum‐ and Lagenidium‐specific nested PCR assays to the detection of oomycete DNA in animal tissues. DNA was extracted from 15 frozen and 10 ethanol‐fixed tissues obtained from six animals with pythiosis, five animals with lagenidiosis, one animal with nonoomycotic skin disease and two animals without skin disease. First‐round PCR, which utilized universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS2P, amplified a single product of the expected size for each of the P. insidiosum‐ and Lagenidium‐infected tissues, but not for tissues obtained from animals without fungal disease. Second‐round PCR using the P. insidiosum‐specific primers PI1 and PI2 produced a single 105‐bp product for the P. insidiosum‐infected tissues, but not for any of the other tissues. Second‐round PCR using the Lagenidium‐specific primers LAG1 and LAG2 produced a single 76‐bp product for the Lagenidium‐infected tissues, but not for any of the other tissues.     

Use of canine small intestinal submucosa allograft for treating perineal hernias in two dogs

Here, we describe two dogs in which canine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was implanted as a biomaterial scaffold during perineal herniorrhaphy. Both dogs had developed severe muscle weakness, unilaterally herniated rectal protrusions, and heart problems with potential anesthetic risks. Areas affected by the perineal hernia (PH) located between the internal obturator and external anal sphincter muscles were reconstructed with naïve canine SIS sheets. In 12 months, post-operative complications such as wound infections, sciatic paralysis, rectal prolapse, or recurrence of the hernia were not observed. Symptoms of defecatory tenesmus also improved. Neither case showed any signs of rejection or specific immune responses as determined by complete and differential cell counts. Our findings demonstrate that canine SIS can be used as a biomaterial scaffold for PH repair in dogs.     

Detection of canine oral papillomavirus-DNA in canine oral squamous cell carcinomas and p53 overexpressing skin papillomas of the dog using the polymerase chain reaction and non-radioactive in situ hybridization

Nineteen cutaneous and mucocutaneous papillomas, as well as 29 oral and 25 non-oral squamous cell carcinomas of dogs were analyzed immunohistologically for the presence of papillomavirus (PV)-antigens. Canine oral papillomavirus (COPV)-DNA was detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH). Furthermore, the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 was investigated. PV-antigens were detectable in more than 50% of the oral and cutaneous papillomas, while no PV-antigens could be demonstrated in venereal papillomas. One squamous cell carcinoma was PV-antigen positive. Only two cutaneous papillomas of the head showed a strong p53-specific immunostaining, while overexpressed p53 was detectable in approximately 35% of all squamous cell carcinomas. It was possible to amplify fragments of the E6, E7 and L1 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from five of eight oral and from five of eight cutaneous papillomas as well as from three oral squamous cell carcinomas. Nine of 10 papillomas showed a strong nucleus-associated hybridization signal typical for COPV-DNA. In three squamous cell carcinomas COPV-DNA was located in nests of the epithelial tumor cells surrounding ‘horn pearls' or disseminated in the carcinoma tissue. These observations support the view that COPV may also induce non-oral papillomas in the dog and confirm the opinion that a progression of viral papillomas into carcinomas in dogs may occur.     

Fluorescent in situ hybridization mapping of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in donkey

The physical localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene was performed on donkey chromosomes. Bacterial artificial chromosome DNA containing the equine EGFR gene was used to map this gene by fluorescent in situ hybridization on donkey metaphase chromosomes. The gene was mapped on donkey 1q21.1 region.     

紫花苜蓿QTL与全基因组选择研究进展及其应用

四倍体紫花苜蓿是重要的豆科牧草之一,由于其复杂的遗传背景与二倍体作物相比遗传作图与重要性状数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位研究相对滞后。然而,二倍体苜蓿的相关研究起步较早,已经建立了高密度遗传图谱和物理图谱,这些研究为四倍体苜蓿遗传作图与QTL定位奠定了基础。随着第三代分子标记与测序技术的快速发展,极大地促进了四倍体苜蓿的高密度遗传图谱构建与QTL定位研究,并借助分子标记辅助育种技术对提高苜蓿选育效率,加速育种进程具有重要意义。本文对苜蓿遗传图谱构建与QTL定位研究及发展趋势进行了总结,并对苜蓿关联作图与全基因组选择的研究进展及应用前景加以概述,旨在为读者就相关研究领域有较全面的了解。