肉用仔鹅饲粮适宜粗纤维和粗蛋白水平的研究

采用3×3因子的析因设计,将189只1日龄健康肉用仔鹅随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复7只;将日粮的粗纤维和粗蛋白分前、后期各设低、中、高3个水平,构成9个处理,18种日粮,研究不同粗纤维和粗蛋白水平对1~35日龄(前期)、36~63日龄(后期)肉仔鹅生长性能和营养物质利用率的影响。结果:1~35日龄肉仔鹅对日粮中粗纤维水平非常敏感,但对蛋白质水平要求不高;低纤维水平日粮组日增重与料重比明显好于中、高纤维组(P<0.01),日粮粗纤维和粗蛋白水平极显著影响鹅对能量和蛋白质的利用率(P<0.01);1~35日龄肉仔鹅饲粮粗纤维水平以3.5%、粗蛋白水平以17%~19%为宜。36~63日龄,较低的粗蛋白水平即可满足鹅的需要;高纤维水平日粮组鹅的日增重与料重比明显好于低纤维水平组(P<0.01);日粮粗纤维和粗蛋白水平极显著影响鹅对能量和蛋白质的利用率(P<0.01)。试验表明36~63日龄肉仔鹅饲粮适宜粗纤维水平为10%,粗蛋白水平为14%。     

饲粮能量蛋白质水平与赖氨酸水平对5～10周龄扬州鹅体重和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量蛋白质水平与赖氨酸水平对5 ～10周龄扬州鹅体重和屠宰性能的影响.试验采用3×4二因子试验设计,3个能量蛋白质水平,分别为10.83 MJ/kg+15％(低)、11.29 MJ/kg +16％(中)、11.75 MJ/kg+17％(高),其蛋能比均约为14g/MJ;4个赖氨酸水平,分别为0.65％、0.80％、0.95％和1.10％.首先配制低、中、高能量蛋白质水平的3种基础饲粮,通过在3种基础饲粮基础上添加不同水平的赖氨酸,得到12种试验饲粮.选取384只体重相近的5周龄扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为12组(每组4个重复,每个重复8只),分别饲喂不同的试验饲粮,持续至10周龄末.结果表明:1)饲粮能量蛋白质水平对扬州鹅6、8、10周龄的体重无显著影响(P＞0.05);饲粮赖氨酸水平显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)影响扬州鹅6、8、10周龄的体重,表现为0.65％赖氨酸组6、8周龄的体重显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)高于0.80％和1.10％赖氨酸组,10周龄的体重显著高于1.10％赖氨酸组(P＜0.05);饲粮能量蛋白质水平与赖氨酸水平对扬州鹅6周龄的体重有显著的交互作用(P＜0.05),对8、10周龄的体重无显著的交互作用(P＞0.05).2)饲粮能量蛋白质水平显著影响扬州鹅的腹脂率(P＜0.05),表现为低能量蛋白质组显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)低于中、高能量蛋白质组,但对屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率无显著影响(P＞0.05);饲粮赖氨酸水平对扬州鹅的各项屠宰性能指标均无显著影响(P＞0.05);饲粮能量蛋白质水平与赖氨酸水平对扬州鹅的各项屠宰性能指标均无显著的交互作用(P＞0.05).结果提示,饲粮较低的能量蛋白质水平与赖氨酸水平即可满足5 ～10周龄扬州鹅获得最佳体重和屠宰性能的需要,本试验认为5 ～10周龄扬州鹅获得最佳体重和屠宰性能时能量、蛋白质和赖氨酸水平分别为10.83 MJ/kg、15％和0.65％.     

日粮膨化血粉水平对育肥鹅生产性能和消化酶活性的影响

选择300只56日龄健康无病的豁眼鹅,随机分为3组,分别在日粮中添加1.5％3.0％、4.5％的膨化血粉,每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鹅.研究不同比例膨化血粉对肥育鹅生产性能和消化酶活性的影响.结果表明:3.0％膨化血粉组的平均日增重、料肉比显著优于其余两组(P＜0.05),1.5％膨化血粉组和4.5％膨化血粉组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).平均日采食量3.0％膨化血粉组高于其余两组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性三组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).胃蛋白酶、胰腺胰蛋白酶活性3.0％膨化血粉组显著优于其余两组(P＜0.05).这表明在育肥鹅日粮中添加3％的膨化血粉最适宜.     

Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,digestive enzymes,body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, digestive enzymes, body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (420 g/kg protein and 90 g/kg lipid) were formulated to contain 0 (control), 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg SB. Triplicate groups of 40 fish (BW = 1.26 ± 0.01 g) per tank (300-L cylindrical fiberglass tanks) for each diet were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Stomach, hepatopancreas and intestine samples were obtained for digestive enzymes activities analyses. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg showed significantly higher specific growth rate and significantly lower feed conversion ratio compared to the control (P < 0.05). Dietary SB inclusion did not alter activities of intestinal amylase, creatine kinase and sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase), but increased activities of hepatic trypsin, stomachic lipase, intestinal lipase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase for fish fed 1,000 mg/kg SB compared to the control (P < 0.05). Intestine length index, intestine somatic index, fold height and muscular thickness of distal intestine were significantly higher in 1,000 mg/kg SB groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of whole-body crude protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus, nutrition retention and relative mRNA of intestinal TOR were observed in 1,000 mg/kg SB group (P < 0.05). Whole-body lipid content and hepatopancreas LPL mRNA expression in 2,000 mg/kg SB group were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA levels of intestinal LPL and hepatopancreas TOR were significantly higher in the 500 mg/kg SB group compared to those in other groups (P < 0.05). The increased growth performance, digestive enzymes and nutrient retention in fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg suggests that SB can be a desirable growth promoter as an antibiotic alternative in diets.     

饲粮能量水平对乌金猪脂肪组织脂类合成代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮能量水平对乌金猪脂肪组织脂类合成代谢相关基因表达的影响.选取体重约15 kg的乌金猪54头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪,分别饲喂消化能为11.74(低能组)、12.89(中能组)和14.22 MJ/kg(高能组)的3种饲粮.分别在体重为30、60和100kg时屠宰,测定胴体脂肪率,...     

太行鸡生长期消化道pH及主要消化酶变化规律的研究

选择1日龄太行鸡120只,公母各半。分别在5、9、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63、77、91日龄测定消化道各段pH值、十二指肠和空肠内的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶及盲肠内的纤维素酶活性,分析其变化规律。结果表明:各段消化道的pH值随日龄的变化差异不显著。消化道内各酶先随日龄增长逐渐增加,达到峰值后趋于稳定。淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶酶活达到峰值的时间是:十二指肠为35、35、42日龄;空肠为49、35、35日龄;盲肠内纤维素酶为42日龄。空肠内酶活性分别比十二指肠内高:淀粉酶高9.2倍;脂肪酶高5.3倍;胰蛋白酶高2倍。     

Effects of yeast selenium supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of goose

The aim was to investigate the effects of yeast selenium (YS) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant variables of geese. A total of 96 one-day-old geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates per group and eight geese in each replicate. The birds were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/kg YS (on selenium basis) during the 63-day experiment. Yeast selenium supplementation showed no effect on the growth performance of geese, but significantly improved the meat quality. No changes in ash or fat content were observed in breast muscle, but significant (p < 0.05) protein content increase was detected in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg groups. Yeast selenium supplementation significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) promoted Se deposition in liver, kidney, pancreas, and muscle and the highest increases were all detected in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Yeast selenium supplementation enhanced the organ and cellular immunity of geese, but did not alter the humoral immunity. Furthermore, dietary YS significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the antioxidant capacity of both muscle and liver, but the effects varied with YS levels and organs. Hence, dietary YS supplementation was a good measure to improve the meat quality, Se content, immunity function, and antioxidant capacity of goose.     

Changes in diarrhea,nutrients apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets in response to chitosan‐zinc chelate

A total of 120 weanling barrows weighing 6.11 ± 0.20 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments with three replications (i.e. pen) of ten piglets per replicate. Pigs were received corn‐soybean basal diet (control) or the same basal diet supplemented with the following sources of zinc: (i) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO₄; (ii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as chitosan‐Zn chelate (CS‐Zn); and (iii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO₄ mixed with chitosan (CS + ZnSO₄). The results showed that CS‐Zn could highly improve average daily gain and average daily feed intake than those of ZnSO₄ or CS+ ZnSO₄ (P < 0.05). The pigs fed dietary CS‐Zn had lower diarrhea incidence and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein than those of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO₄ (P < 0.05). The protease activities in duodenal content of the pigs receiving CS‐Zn diets was higher than that of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO₄ or CS + ZnSO₄ (P < 0.05). The amylase activity in duodenal content of the pigs fed dietary CS‐Zn was higher than that of the pigs receiving ZnSO₄ diets or basal diets (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary CS‐Zn showed different bioactivities from ZnSO₄ or CS + ZnSO₄ in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, improving activities of digestive enzymes and growth performance of weaned pigs.     

Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pods to sheep on nutrient digestibility,nitrogen balance,ruminal protozoa and rumen enzymes activity

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplying two levels of Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) pods to rations of sheep on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen liquor parameters (pH, total protozoa count, protein concentration and enzymes activity). Twelve mature rams (50 ± 1.25 kg B.W.) were distributed into three groups, each with four rams. Animals in group one were considered as a control which fed a basal diet, consisting of concentrate mixture and Egyptian clover. The second group and the third one received the same basal diet with supplying the concentrate mixture by 1.5% and 3.0% of A. nilotica pods meal respectively. The experiment lasted for 3 weeks. It was found that supplementation of A. nilotica pods to the concentrate mixture at a rate of 1.5% and 3.0% significantly improved the total feed intake compared to the control. The digestibility of dry matter and crude fibre was significantly reduced with A. nilotica supplements, whereas the digestibility of crude protein was significantly improved. All of nitrogen intake and N‐retained were significantly increased in rams fed on concentrates with 1.5% and 3.0% A.  nilotica pods when compared to the control. The pH of ruminal fluid was not affected by the dietary treatments. Nevertheless, the total rumen protozoa count was significantly decreased in A. nilotica pods supplemented groups. Also, the rumen protein concentration and the ruminal enzymes activity, especially α‐amylase, cellulase and protease, were lower in A. nilotica pods supplemented treatments. In conclusions, inclusion of low levels of A. nilotica pods (1.5% and 3.0%) in the concentrates can be used as a natural protein protectant in ruminants by forming tannin protein complexes in the rumen to maximize the amino acids available in the lower digestive tract. Also, these levels can increase the protein digestibility as well as the N‐retained in the body .     

单宁酸对生长猪胃-小肠仿生消化中消化酶活性及饲粮粗蛋白消化率的影响

本试验旨在探讨单宁酸对生长猪胃、小肠仿生消化中消化酶活性及玉米-豆粕型饲粮干物质和粗蛋白消化率的影响，为评价单宁酸的生物学效应提供参考。试验一采用单因素完全随机设计，考察在无饲粮下2种单宁酸对猪模拟胃液、模拟小肠液消化酶活性的影响。设5个处理，单宁酸添加量分别为0 mg （胃液体积为20 mL，小肠液体积为22 mL）；单宁酸1，10 mg；单宁酸1，20 mg；单宁酸2，10 mg；单宁酸2，20 mg。测定各处理的胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性。试验二考察玉米-豆粕型饲粮添加单宁酸对猪仿生消化中胃、小肠阶段消化酶活性及养分消化率的影响。采用单因素完全随机设计，设5个处理，单宁酸在饲粮中的含量分别为0 mg·（2 g）^-1；单宁酸1，10 mg·（2 g）^-1；单宁酸1，20 mg·（2 g）^-1；单宁酸2，10 mg·（2 g）^-1；单宁酸2，20 mg·（2 g）^-1。测定仿生消化中胃阶段0.5和4 h时胃蛋白酶活性，小肠阶段0.5、4和8 h时淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性及生长猪胃-小肠仿生消化测定饲粮的干物质和粗蛋白消化率。结果表明：1）无饲粮的情况下，和空白对照组相比，2种单宁酸对模拟胃液中胃蛋白酶活性无显著影响（P>0.05），单宁酸1比单宁酸2更高地降低了模拟小肠液中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。2）在饲粮进行仿生消化的胃消化0.5～4 h内，除4 h时10 mg·（2 g）^-1添加量外，添加单宁酸1时胃蛋白酶的活性均显著高于添加单宁酸2时的相应值（P<0.05），除单宁酸2在消化0.5 h外，2种单宁酸在添加10 mg·（2 g）^-1时胃蛋白酶活性均显著高于20 mg·（2 g）^-1添加量的相应值（P<0.05）。在小肠仿生消化0.5 h时，饲粮中添加单宁酸1、2的2个水平对消化液中淀粉酶活性无显著影响（P>0.05），但均显著降低了糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）；单宁酸1的消化液中胰蛋白酶活性高于单宁酸2的相应值（P<0.05）。在小肠仿生消化4 h时，除添加水平为20 mg·（2 g）^-1时的糜蛋白酶活性外，饲粮中添加单宁酸1消化液中淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶活性高于添加单宁酸2的相应值，而胰蛋白酶活性低于添加单宁酸2的相应值（P<0.05）。单宁酸1、2的两个添加量均降低了胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。在小肠仿生消化8 h时，饲粮中单宁酸的添加量影响了淀粉酶的活性，但单宁酸1和单宁酸2各两个添加量在淀粉酶的平均活性上无显著差异（P>0.05）。单宁酸1、2的两个添加量均降低了胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，两种单宁酸在两种添加水平下均显著降低了饲料粗蛋白消化率（P<0.05），且单宁酸2比单宁酸1更多地降低了饲粮粗蛋白的消化率（P<0.05）。综上所述，在有、无饲粮条件下，单宁酸对消化酶活性呈现不一致影响。单宁酸影响饲粮粗蛋白的消化率可能主要与消化液中糜蛋白酶活性降低以及单宁酸与饲粮中的化学成分形成螯合物降低了小肠消化酶的水解效率有关。     

犊牛胰腺和小肠消化酶变化规律的研究

试验选用黑白花公犊牛21头,研究我国常规饲养管理条件下0～6月龄犊牛胰腺与小肠中主要消化酶的发育规律和变化模式。结果表明:小肠中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随月龄的增长而增强,且在空肠段中酶活性均较高,6月龄分别达到11.73、914.03U/g蛋白质和423.23U/g蛋白质,乳糖酶则随月龄的增长活性降低;胰淀粉酶活性随月龄显著增长(P<0.05),0月龄胰脏内淀粉酶活性为177.19U/g蛋白质,2月龄酶活达5605.67U/g蛋白质,比0月龄增长32倍;脂肪酶活性0～1月龄间差异不显著(P>0.05),2月龄酶活显著增高(P<0.05)。由此可见各种消化酶的变化规律是不同的,它们在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的分布具有明显的区域性,空肠是营养物质消化的主要部位。     

维生素K_3对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中维生素K3添加水平对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响。试验分为2个阶段。1~4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.23 mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8、16 mg/kg的维生素K3。5~16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅324只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复9只鹅。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.18 mg/kg),B~F组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16、32 mg/kg的维生素K3。试验期16周。结果表明:1)经回归分析得出,1~4周龄阶段五龙鹅饲粮中添加4.81 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大;5~16周龄阶段饲粮中添加11.59 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大。2)与对照组相比,1~4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高鹅的全净膛率和腹脂率(P0.05或P0.01);5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与对照组相比,5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能极显著提高钙的表观利用率(P0.01),显著提高干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和磷的表观利用率(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,1~4周龄和5~16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K3适宜添加水平分别为4.81和11.59 mg/kg。     

盐度对瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)消化酶活性的影响

为探讨盐度对瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)不同消化器官蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性的影响,试验选用1 200只个体均一的瘤背石磺[初均重(16.82±2.14)g]随机分成5组,分别置于不同盐度梯度(5、15、25、35和45)下饲养,期间用海泥与螺旋藻粉(m∶m=5∶1)拌饲投喂。每组设置3个重复,每个重复80只,饲养30 d后测定消化道不同器官蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性。试验结果显示:1)各消化酶在幽门胃、贲门胃、肝胰腺和肠中均有分布,但各消化器官之间酶活性差异显著(P<0.05)。不同消化器官中蛋白酶活性由大到小依次为幽门胃[(91.46±0.57)U/g]、肝胰腺[(72.63±0.59)U/g]、肠[(44.78±0.66)U/g]和贲门胃[(40.12±0.45)U/g];淀粉酶活性由大到小依次为肝胰腺[(87.11±1.31)U/mg]、幽门胃[(45.72±1.06)U/mg]、肠[(26.52±1.05)U/mg]和贲门胃[(23.68±0.82)U/mg];纤维素酶活性以肝胰腺[(2.02±0.01)U/mg]最高,其次是肠[(1.01±0.01)U/mg],最低的是幽门胃[(0.53±0.01)U/mg]。2)盐度对各种消化酶活性的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。除肝胰腺中的蛋白酶以外,幽门胃、贲门胃、肝胰腺和肠中各消化酶活性随盐度升高均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且淀粉酶和纤维素酶分别在盐度15和25时活性最高,盐度45时活性最低。试验结果表明,低盐度(盐度5～25)对各消化器官消化酶活性均具有激活作用;其中,盐度15～25时消化酶活性最高,有利于瘤背石磺对饵料的消化吸收;而当盐度高于25时,则会抑制消化酶活性。     

木聚糖酶对不同木聚糖含量的仔猪饲粮养分消化率的影响

试验设计3个消化试验分别研究在3个饲粮木聚糖水平下添加不同剂量的木聚糖酶对养分表观消化率的影响。饲粮木聚糖水平分别为5.33%、6.47%和8.44%。每个消化试验(即每个木聚糖水平下)设5个处理,分别饲喂不添加酶的基础饲粮和添加4个木聚糖酶水平的饲粮。随着饲粮木聚糖含量的提高,木聚糖酶的添加量相应增加。结果表明:当饲粮木聚糖含量低于6.47%时,添加木聚糖酶对养分消化率没有改进作用,而当木聚糖含量高达8.44%时,木聚糖酶的添加对养分消化率有一定的改进效果。与不加酶组比,加酶组粗蛋白、有机物、钙、磷、酸性洗涤纤维和能量的平均消化率分别提高了2.92%、1.05%、5.80%、5.15%、2.36%和0.84%。     

热应激降低肉鸡小肠消化酶活性的研究

以艾维茵肉鸡为实验对象 ,研究了热应激对肉鸡消化酶活性的影响。结果显示 ,在热应激条件下 ,肉鸡小肠内总蛋白水解酶活性、脂肪酶活性和淀粉酶活性均显著下降。平均日增重与消化酶活性呈极显著正相关。表明消化酶活性下降是应激导致生产性能下降的重要原因     

Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,nutrient utilization and whole‐body composition of blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings

Nine semi‐purified diets were prepared with three levels each of protein (300, 350 and 400 g/kg) and lipid (60, 80 and 100 g/kg) and fed ad libitum to Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings (0.61 ± 0.03 g) in triplicate groups (10 fish/replicate) for 90 days to determine optimum dietary protein and lipid levels. Twenty‐seven flow‐through fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks (200 l capacity each with 100 l of water) were used for rearing the fish. The dietary protein, lipid and their interactions had significant effects (p < 0.05) on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, nutrient retention and digestibility, but not on hepato‐ and viscerosomatic indexes (p > 0.05). Dietary protein and the interaction of protein with lipid had significant effect (p < 0.05) on whole‐body dry matter, lipid and energy contents, but not on protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). But, the dietary lipid had significant (p < 0.05) effect on whole‐body dry matter, protein, lipid and energy contents except the ash contents (p > 0.05). For each level of dietary protein, the increase in dietary lipid resulted significant increase (p < 0.05) in whole‐body lipid contents without affecting the protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). Based on better growth and dietary performances, the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels of blue gourami fingerling are 350 and 80 g/kg diet respectively.     

Evaluation of the protective effect of lycopene on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and digestive enzyme activities of aflatoxinB1 challenged broilers

The current study was conducted to investigate the protective efficiency of dietary lycopene (LYC) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities aflatoxinB₁ (AFB₁) challenged broilers. A total of 240 days old Arber across male broiler chicks were randomly allocated in five treatments and six replicates (eight birds per replicate); feed and water were provided ad libitum during the 42 days experiment. The treatment diets were as follows: (i) Basal diet (control), (ii) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB₁ contaminated diet, (iii) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB₁ + 100 mg/kg LYC1, (iv) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB₁ + 200 mg/kg LYC2, and (v) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB₁ + 400 mg/kg LYC3. The results showed that the addition of LYC to AFB₁ contaminated broiler diets significantly increased (p < .05) average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the AFB₁ diet. AFB₁ diet decreased the intestinal villus height (VH) and crypt depth ratio (VCR) while increasing the crypt depth (CD). However, dietary LYC supplemented diets relieved the intestinal morphological alterations. Dietary LYC supplementation (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly improved (p < .05) intestinal digestive enzyme amylase and lipase activities with AFB₁ contaminated diet. These findings suggested that LYC is a promising feed supplement in the broiler industry, alleviating the harmful effects of AFB₁.     

日粮组成和能量水平对乌金猪肉品质的影响

本文旨在研究不同日粮组成和能量水平对乌金猪肉品质的影响,确定最优肉品质所需的日粮适宜能量水平.选取体重(15.18±0.85)kg的乌金猪90头,公、母各占1/2,随机分为5组,每组18头,下设3个重复,每个重复6头.试验采用单因子随机分组设计,以中国肉脂型生长肥育猪饲养标准能量需要设计中能量水平(组Ⅲ,消化能12.98 MJ/kg),以NRC(1998)生长肥育猪饲养标准能量需要设计最高能量水平(组Ⅰ,消化能14.22 MJ/kg),此两个能量水平间设计中高能量水平(组Ⅱ,消化能13.60 MJ/kg),在中能量水平下依次分别设计中低能量水平(组Ⅳ,消化能12.36 MJ/kg)和最低能量水平(组Ⅴ,消化能11.74 MJ/kg),每个能量水平间的梯度为0.62 MJ/kg.各组在不同生长阶段日粮蛋白质、微量元素、氨基酸等水平基本固定.试验期至100 kg体重,分别在30、60和100 kg体重时屠宰,测定肉品质指标及肌肉营养成分,采用模糊综合评定系统分析并确定最优肉品质日粮适宜能量水平.结果表明,不同日粮组成和能量水平对乌金猪不同生长阶段肌肉pH、系水力、剪切力、烹煮损失和滴水损失有明显影响,组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ及其日粮的组间差异显著(P<0.05),大理石纹在60和100 kg体重时差异显著(P<0.05).随着日粮能量水平的降低,肌肉中粗蛋白质含量提高,在100 kg体重时达显著水平(P<0.05);粗脂肪、肌内脂肪和肌苷酸含量降低,不同生长阶段组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ及其日粮的组间差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).以大理石纹、剪切力、滴水损失为评定肉品质的代表指标,通过综合评定确定30、60和100 kg体重时最优肉品质适宜的日粮能量水平分别为13.10、13.08和13.11 MJ/kg.研究结果可为乌金猪的合理饲养和改善肉品质提供科学依据.     

发酵葡萄籽粕对5～12周龄五龙鹅消化生理、免疫器官指数和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同水平发酵葡萄籽粕对5~12周龄五龙鹅消化生理、免疫器官指数和血清抗氧化指标的影响,以确定发酵葡萄籽粕使用效果和适宜添加水平。选用5周龄五龙鹅288只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鹅(公母各占1/2)。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加2%(Ⅱ组)、4%(Ⅲ组)、6%(Ⅳ组)、8%(Ⅴ组)、10%(Ⅵ组)的发酵葡萄籽粕。试验期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅴ组十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶及胰腺中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅳ组胰腺中胰脂肪酶活性极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅴ组胃蛋白酶活性显著提高(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组肠道中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),Ⅴ组肠道中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组肠绒毛高度显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组肌层厚度显著提高(P0.05),Ⅴ组隐窝深度极显著降低(P0.01)。4)各组免疫器官指数差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅴ组血清总抗氧化能力极显著提高(P0.01);Ⅳ组血清丙二醛含量极显著降低(P0.01),Ⅴ组血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性极显著提高(P0.01)。由此可见,发酵葡萄籽粕能显著提高5~12周龄五龙鹅消化酶活性,优化肠道组织结构,提高鹅的抗氧化能力,对免疫器官指数没有影响。建议饲粮中发酵葡萄籽粕适宜添加水平为6%~8%。     

日粮能量水平对超饲养前溆浦鹅脂肪代谢的影响研究

选取60只21日龄个体体重相近的溆浦鹅,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只鹅(公母各半),分别饲喂3种不同能量水平(13.38、12.13、10.87MJ/kg)的日粮,经49d后统一屠宰,研究不同日粮能量水平对溆浦鹅体脂沉积、血清参数及其相关激素水平的影响。结果表明:1)中能组公鹅屠体重、胸肌含脂率、腹脂率均显著高于高能组和低能组(P<0.05),中能组母鹅胸肌含脂率、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚度、肌间脂肪宽均显著高于高能组和低能组(P<0.05)。2)日粮能量水平对70日龄溆浦鹅血清中甘油三酯、胆固醇无显著影响(P>0.05),但公鹅血清中高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白随日粮能量水平提高而增加。3)无论公鹅还是母鹅,高能组血清中的生长激素含量均显著高于低能组(P<0.05),与中能组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但日粮能量水平对溆浦鹅血清中类胰岛素生长因子的含量均无显著的影响(P>0.05)。