利用真菌清理杨树伐根试验

1996～ 2 0 0 1年 ,在大庆红旗林场选择当年新伐杨树伐根 ,选用彩云革盖菌 (Coriolusversicolor(L .exFr.)Quil.)、单色下皮黑菌 (Cerrenaunicolor(Bull.ExFr.)Murr.)、粗毛盖菌 (Funaliagallica(Fr.)Pat.)、木耳 (Auriculariaau riculaUnderw .)、平菇 (Pleurotusostreatus(Jacq .ExFr.)Quel.)、灵芝 (Ganodermalucidurn (Leyss .ExFr.)Karst.) 6种优良食、药用菌进行伐根接种试验 ,结果表明 :采用生物手段处理伐根是切实可行的 ,一般接种 2a后可使伐根迅速腐朽 ,并可进行迹地造林 ,并有效防治根朽菌 ((Vahl.ExFr.)Karst.)的侵染。     

雷州半岛地区林下栽培平菇栽培料配方试验

在雷州半岛地区进行林下平菇栽培试验,栽培料中用不同量的桉树木屑代替棉籽壳,以获得适宜林下栽培平菇的栽培料配方.结果表明:桉树木屑可以替代部分棉籽壳进行林下栽培平菇,桉树木屑52％、棉籽壳26％、米糠20％、蔗糖1％、石膏粉1％是较适宜的配方,应用该配方可以明显提高平菇的菌丝生长速度和鲜菇产量,其生物转化率为102.5％,比对照高出10.3％.     

中国黑荆单宁与羟甲基反应动力学的研究

用动态ＤＳＣ研究中国黑荆单宁与活性酚醛树脂中羟甲基的反应动力学过程，分别测定了不同升温速率和不同摩尔比的活性酚醛树脂的反应动力学常数，发现上述两种因素对反应动力学常数均有一定的影响。     

桉树栽培灵芝试验及灵芝营养成分分析

以桉树段木和桉木屑为基质,杂木屑为对照,开展了桉树栽培灵芝对比试验,并对灵芝主要营养成分和重金属含量进行了检测。结果表明:桉树栽培灵芝是可行的,桉树栽培灵芝菌丝生长快(桉木屑灵芝菌丝日长速9.75 mm·d-1、桉树段木灵芝菌丝日长速7.28 mm·d-1);桉木屑混合基质灵芝的单芝鲜重(47.66 g)比对照灵芝(47.11 g)高1.18%,而桉树段木灵芝(45.44 g)比对照的低3.53%;桉木屑基质灵芝多糖(1.64 g·100 g-1)和比对照灵芝多糖(1.44 g·100g-1)高13.89%,桉树段木灵芝多糖与对照的相同,桉木屑基质灵芝三萜化合物(1.88 g·100 g-1)比对照灵芝(1.38 g·100 g-1)高36.23%;桉树灵芝重金属含量均符合绿色食品食用菌的要求。     

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes III: substances that increase the odorous compound content

This study formed part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], in accordance with consumer preferences, and deals with the search for substances that increase the odorous component content. From analysis of sulfur and sulfur-containing substances in the culture substrate, rice bran was found to be the main source of sulfur, and 75% of this was present as cysteine and methionine. The sulfur-containing substances were added to a sawdust medium containing only rice bran and sawdust as a substrate; shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in the medium, the fruiting bodies were dried, and the 1,2,4-trithiolane content in the fruiting bodies was measured as an indicator of the odorous compounds. Of the sulfur-containing substances, those that increased odorous compounds the most were cysteine and methionine. The efficiency of cysteine in this regard was higher than that of methionine. It was also noted that the amount of glutamic acid increased the odorous compounds in combination with cysteine and methionine. Furthermore, the addition of both amino acids and glutamic acid had no negative effect on the yield. These results showed that it is possible to produce dried shiitake mushrooms with a smell suitable for particular consumer preferences.     

黑荆树皮单宁降解产物的抑菌性能

通过对黑荆树皮单宁化学降解改性,制备了具有优良抑菌性能的降解产物。用滤纸圆片法研究了降解产物对６种细菌、２种霉菌和１种酵母菌三大类微生物的抑制作用,发现降解产物的抑菌作用与其分子量及分布有关。在一定的分子量及分布条件下,降解产物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、志贺氏痢疾杆菌等５种菌有明显的抑制作用,其最低抑制浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别为００５％、００３％,００５％,００３％、００５％,均比茶多酚对相应微生物的最低抑制浓度低约一个数量级,表明了其在医药等领域具有重要应用前景     

的吸附

以胶原纤维为基质,通过交联剂将黑荆树单宁、落叶松单宁和毛杨梅单宁固化在胶原纤维上制备吸附材料.实验表明,3种固化单宁对Cu2+的吸附平衡均符合Freundlich方程,其吸附容量大小顺序为固化毛杨梅单宁>固化黑荆树单宁>固化落叶松单宁.进一步研究了固化黑荆树单宁的吸附动力学、吸附柱动力学,以及温度、pH值等对吸附平衡的影响.结果表明,温度对吸附平衡的影响不明显,但pH值对吸附平衡有较大影响,在适当范围内提高pH值,会增加平衡吸附量;吸附动力学可用拟二级速度方程来描述,当吸附温度≥318 K时,由拟二级速度方程计算所得到的平衡吸附量与实测的平衡吸附量非常吻合.固化单宁具有良好的柱动力学特性,吸附柱极易再生并且能循环使用,吸附过程极有可能是在材料的表面进行.     

Screening of fungicides for the management of wattle rust (Uromycladium acaciae) in Acacia mearnsii plantations,South Africa

South Africa has c. 110 000 ha planted to Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) with 85% of the revenue from the species obtained from the timber and 15% from the bark. From 2012/13 a wattle rust disease has spread throughout the black wattle plantation area in KwaZulu-Natal and from 2015 it was recorded in southern Mpumalanga. The pathogen affects trees of all age classes, causing a reduction in growth, as well as mortality with severe infection. No fungicides are currently registered in South Africa for the control of wattle rust. In October/November 2014, three black wattle trials were initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and south-eastern Mpumulanga where fungicides were tested at varying rates for the control of wattle rust. The same trial design was used for all three trials and consisted of a 3 × 3 factorial with one additional control, replicated three times and laid out as a randomised complete block design. The factorial combination consisted of three fungicides (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole; azoxystrobin + cyproconazole; azoxystrobin) applied at three rates (×, 2× and ½ ×). The additional control was not treated with fungicides. Wattle rust had a significant and negative impact on tree growth, irrespective of site and/or previous infection. All fungicides tested, and at all rates applied, proved effective for the control of wattle rust. The optimum rate selected, timing and frequency of application will be based on a combination of prevention of resistance as well as optimisation of growth. For the most effective control of wattle rust, fungicides should be applied as a preventative, rather than corrective, measure. However, in cases of severe infestation, a corrective application could also be used to aid the management of wattle rust.     

牛舌菌等珍稀食用菌母种培养基的筛选

对牛舌菌、虎奶菇、鲍鱼菇(黑色)三种珍稀食用菌进行母种培养基筛选试验.结果表明:牛舌菌最适母种培养基为PSA综合培养基,虎奶菇和黑色鲍鱼菇的最适母种培养基均为酵母粉培养基.