Water, hydrogen, deuterium, carbon, carbon-13, and oxygen-18 content of selected lunar material

The water content of the breccia is 150 to 455 ppm, with a deltaD from-580 to -870 per mil. Hydrogen gas content is 40 to 53 ppm with a deltaD of -830 to -970 per mil. The CO(2) is 290 to 418 ppm with delta (13)C = + 2.3 to + 5.1 per mil and delta(18)O = 14.2 to 19.1 per mil. Non-CO(2) carbon is 22 to 100 ppm, delta(13)C = -6.4 to -23.2 per mil. Lunar dust is 810 ppm H(2)O (D = 80 ppm) and 188 ppm total carbon(delta(13)C = -17.6 per mil). The (18)O analyses of whole rocks range from 5.8 to 6.2 per mil. The temperature of crystallization of type B rocks is 1100 degrees to 1300 degrees C, based on the oxygen isotope fractionation between coexisting plagioclase and ilmenite.     

Carbon-13--rich diagenetic carbonates in miocene formations of california and Oregon

Carbon unusually rich in C(13)(deltaC(13) = +5.4 to +19.0 per mil relative to the Peedee belemnite carbonate standard of the University of Chicago) is characteristic of certain diagenetic limestones and dolomites in the Miocene Monterey Shale of California and the Nye Mudstone of Oregon. This heavy carbon may have originated through low-temperature equilibration between CO(3)- - and CO(2) in migrating carbonated waters or between CH(4) and CO(2) in natural gas. Light carbon (deltaC(13) = -5.6 to -18.2 per mil) derived through nonequilibrium oxidation of organic matter also occurs in the carbonate of Monterey Shale in some localities, but at most places it is much less common than heavy carbon.     

Quartz and magnetite: oxygen-18-oxygen-16 fractionation in metamorphosed biwabik iron formation

Oxygen-18-oxygen-16 fractionation of coexisting quartz and magnetite from the Biwabik iron formation varies as a function of distance of the sample from an intrusive contact. This isotope fractionation is related to observed mineralogic variations and compared with a theoretical heat-flow model.     

Carbon-13 in black sea waters and implications for the origin of hydrogen sulfide

A combination of measurements of carbon-13 and the hydrogen sulfide content in Black Sea waters with available data on the total carbon dioxide in these waters indicates that the contribution of organic sulfur to the hydrogen sulfide lies between 3 and 5 percent and increases with depth. Likely causes for the increase are increasing productivity or upward movement of the anoxic zone during the facts last 2000 year.     

Carbon-13 and carbon-14 abundances in alaskan aquatic organisms: delayed production from peat in arctic food webs

Inputs of terrestrial peat carbon to the nearshore Alaskan Beaufort Sea from erosion and fluvial transport are of the same magnitude as in situ primary production within 10 kilometers of shore. Nevertheless, carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios and carbon-14 abundances in marine organisms show that only small amounts of the terrestrial carbon are transferred beyond the microbial level. Freshwater organisms, however, are heavily dependent on peat, as shown by pronounced seasonal radiocarbon depressions in resident fish and ducks. Tundra ponds and lakes are areas where accumulated terrestrial peat carbon is apparently transferred to aquatic insect larvae and passed on to higher organisms. The lack of functionally analogous abundant marine prey organisms may explain why peat carbon is not efficiently transferred to apical food web species in the marine environment.     

Influence of the nitrogen nutrition level and environmental conditions on the productivity, photosynthetic activity, and donor-acceptor relations in wheat plants

In the course of a vegetation experiment, the influence of two nitrogen nutrition levels and various temperature and lighting conditions on wheat plants, including the Mironovskaya 808 variety and its isogenic lines differing in stem height, is studied. The grain productivity of the LAH1 line is shown to be close to that of the initial variety. Concerning the photosynthetic activity indices, the wheat variety and isogenic lines slightly differ from each other. The stem shortness determines more tense relations between the ear and vegetative organs.     

栽培和环境条件对水稻饱粒重的影响

1998－2001年度，在群体水培、盆栽和大田条件下，以常规籼稻、粳稻及杂交籼稻为试验材料，设置不同的栽培和环境条件，研究其对水稻饱粒重的影响。结果表明，与对照（供氮浓度为21mg/kg）相比，适当降低移栽至抽穗期的供氮浓度，能显著提高饱粒重，供氮浓度过高，则相反；与不施肥相比，作为分蘖肥施用可提高所有品种的饱粒重，作为促花肥或保花肥施用则相反，作为基肥、粒肥施用对饱粒重的影响因品种而异，而在分蘖肥的基础上过多施用穗粒肥则使所有品种饱粒重显著下降；抽穗前15d至抽穗期遮光、缺水、遮光＋缺水处理或抽穗前15d剪根处理均使饱粒重显著下降；适当降低土壤容重、改善土壤通透性有利于饱粒重的增加；结实期过早断水，饱粒重显著下降，而初穗期喷施“双增剂”（10mg/kg)，饱粒重显著增加；扬稻6号、日本晴、武运粳8号和汕优63在不同栽培和环境条件下饱粒重的极差分别为6.69g、7.52g、3.79g、5.85g，最大增幅分别达28.28%、37.62%、15.12%、24.64%。     

徐州市铜山区野生鸟类资源调查与分析

2019年7月至2022年6月,在徐州市铜山区境内重点林地、湿地等重要鸟类栖息地设置6条相对固定调查线路及4个相对固定调查样点,对徐州市铜山区野生鸟类开展了持续种类调查,并收集2015年以来工作中及观鸟爱好者于铜山境内拍摄到的鸟类照片,确定2015年以来调查记录到铜山区野生鸟类251种,分别隶属于18目57科。其中,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类35种,国家“三有”保护鸟类211种。     

Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences(P≥0.05) were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. Differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life(P≤0.05). This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. Differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation(thinning) within houses, irrespective of heating system type used(P≤0.05). Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.     

不同环境下甘蔗亲本配合力及组合遗传值分析

【目的】分析不同环境下甘蔗亲本配合力及组合遗传值,筛选出适宜南宁、崇左和来宾蔗区的亲本和组合,为合理利用甘蔗种质资源及加快新品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以广西选育及引进的129份甘蔗材料为亲本组配119个组合为材料,在南宁、崇左和来宾试验点同时进行评价试验,对甘蔗锤重和锤度进行亲本、组合及地点的联合方差分析,并分别对3个试验点的锤重和锤度进行亲本配合力及组合遗传值分析,以相关系数法评价不同试验点间锤重和锤度的亲本配合力及组合遗传值的相似性。【结果】组合、母本、父本及地点在锤重和锤度间的差异均达极显著水平（P< 0.01,下同）,组合×地点互作在锤重间的差异达显著水平（P< 0.05,下同）。在母本GCA方面,在南宁试验点,GT04-112、GT08-212、GT06-3283、FR00-306、ZZ50、GT04-1560、GT03-591、YZ99-596、GT02-761和GT11-639等母本的锤重和锤度GCA较高;在崇左试验点,GT04-112、GT03-591、GT08-212、GT08-10、GT11-639、FR00-306、GT94-119、GT09-98、GT06-1215和K86-138等母本的锤重和锤度GCA较高;在来宾试验点,YZ99-596、GT04-112、GT06-3283、YT00-236、LC03-296、YG24、GT05-1141、GT11-08、GT11-639和GT06-244等母本的锤重和锤度GCA较高。在父本GCA方面,在南宁试验点LT07-95、GT94-10、CP84-1198、ROC22、YT00-236、GT00-122、GT11-639、GT06-1238、YT03-373和YunY06-9等父本的锤重和锤度GCA较高;在崇左试验点ROC22、GT00-122、GT94-10、GT08-1497、LT07-95、YT93-159、YuanL8、GT03-1403、FR93-979和YT93-373等父本的锤重和锤度GCA较高;在来宾试验点PR83-1248、GT04-2679、GT04-1023、LT07-95、CP84-1198、YT00-236、ROC22、YZ06-80、YG22和GT08-1235等父本的锤重和锤度GCA较高。在组合遗传值方面,在南宁试验点,GT08-212×GT94-10、FR00-306×LT07-95、YZ99-596×YT00-236、GT04-1560×CP84-1198、ZZ50×ROC22、GT03-591×YC90-33、GT02-761×ROC22、GT04-112×GT00-122、YT99-66×ROC22和YZ99-596×CP01-1178等组合的锤重和锤度组合遗传值较高;在崇左试验点,GT06-1215×GT06-1238、GT03-591×YC90-33、GT04-112×GT00-122、GT94-119×ROC22、GT04-1560×CP84-1198、GT08-212×GT94-10、GT08-10×GT04-2679、GT02-761×ROC22、FR00-306×LT07-95和GT11-639×GT03-2309等组合的锤重和锤度组合遗传值较高;在来宾试验点GT04-112×L5-8、GT07-229×GT04-2679、GT06-3283×PR83-1248、YZ99-596×YT00-236、LC03-296×GT04-1023、YG24×LT07-95、GT06-244×CP84-1198、FR00-306×LT07-95、GT08-10×GT04-2679和FR93-257×GT06-244等组合的锤重和锤度组合遗传值较高。锤重和锤度的亲本GCA和组合遗传值在3个试验点间均表现为极显著正相关性,相关系数为0.411～0.745。南宁试验点与崇左试验点间在锤重和锤度的亲本配合力和组合遗传值的相关系数最大,相似性最高。【结论】不同试验点间锤重和锤度的亲本配合力及组合遗传值具有较高的参考价值,但南宁、崇左和来宾的不同蔗区应根据各地试验结果分别选取适宜本地的亲本和组合。     

环境条件对木家具底漆的水分挥发及封闭效果的影响

为了探讨环境条件对木家具底漆的水分挥发及封闭效果的影响．在5种自然干燥条件下,以枫木薄木贴面家具板材为基材,以水性封闭底漆为涂料,在分析干燥环境干燥能力基础上。用扫描电镜观察了涂层在基材上的封闭状态．用称量法研究了涂层水分挥发率和挥发速度。结果表明：水性封闭底漆封闭效果及干燥速度受干燥条件的影响明显。干燥30rain时,在温度11．2～13．2℃,湿度21．1％～23．4％,风速0．04～0．05m·s-1的干燥条件环境中．水分挥发率为16．48％;在温度18．9～19．1℃,湿度54．1％～55．6％,风速0．03～0．15m·s-1的干燥条件环境中,水分挥发率为2．23％：前者的封闭效果好。图6参19     

18O/16O, 30Si/28Si, D/H, and 13C/12C Studies of Lunar Rocks and Minerals

The delta (18)O of minerals from lunar gabbros and basalts are: plgioclases +6.06 to +6.33), pyroxenes (+5.70 to +5.95), and ilmenites (+3.85 to +4.12). The uniformity of these results indicates isotopic equilibrium in the mineral assemblages. Estimated plagioclase-ilmenite temperautres range from 1150 degrees C to 1340 degrees C. The bulk (18)/ (16)O and (30)Si/ (28)Si ratios of these lunar rocks are identical with ratios of terrestrial basalts, but the lunar glass, breccia, and dust are slightly enriched in the heavier isotopes. The lunar hydrogen (formed from solar wind) has a delta D/H of less than-873 per mil and the value may be even lower, as it is probably contaminated with terrestrial hydrogen. The delta (13)C of lunar dust and breccia is unusually high relative to reduced carbon in meteorites or on earth.     

枸杞岛紫贻贝生长状况及其与环境因子关系

针对嵊泗马鞍列岛国家海洋特别保护区内枸杞岛海域开放式浮筏式养殖紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis Linnaeus)生长存在差异[组织干重(0.200±0.017)g]的现象,利用SPSS 16.0统计软件中方差分析和相关性分析对紫贻贝生长及其与环境因子之间关系进行研究。结果表明:水体中叶绿素含量[(15.73±5.724)mg/L]、颗粒有机物(POM)浓度[(5.43±1.092)mg/L]和颗粒有机物与悬浮颗粒物(SPM)比值(0.200±0.057)对紫贻贝生长影响显著(P<0.05)。其中,POM与SPM的比值对紫贻贝生长的影响最大。从水动力角度探究影响POM和SPM分布的原因,使用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)对该海域流态进行监测发现,紫贻贝浮筏式吊养设施对该养殖海域水流交换产生重要影响,潮流从表层(L1MAX31.88 cm/s)至底层(L1MAX37.68 cm/s)逐渐增大,且涨落潮迎流面的流速(L1MAX31.88 cm/s,L3MAX35.53 cm/s)大于养殖区内部流速(L2MAX20.21cm/s)。养殖区域内水流的交换影响浮游生物及颗粒有机物等饵料的分布,饵料分布对紫贻贝生长产生影响。养殖区域外围的贻贝生长速度(0.017 g/M)显著高于中间区域的贻贝生长速度(0.011 g/M)。因此,在大规模的贻贝养殖区内,合理规划养殖区块,沿着潮流方向预留相应的通道以改善贻贝养殖区域内部的水交换程度具有重要意义。     

盆地环境条件下幼蟹养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构及水质评价

为研究盆地环境条件下幼蟹养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构特征,探究浮游动物群落结构与水环境因子的关系,以促进盆地地区河蟹养殖事业的可持续发展。2021年5—9月,对四川开江民生渔业发展有限公司养殖基地的幼蟹养殖池塘及水源水体的浮游动物群落结构和水环境因子进行采样监测,对采集到的浮游动物进行鉴定和定量分析,并利用生物多样性指数进行水质评价。结果表明,幼蟹养殖期间共发现浮游动物65种（优势种16种）,包括轮虫类36种（优势种9种）,桡足类15种（优势种2种）和枝角类14种（优势种5种）。幼蟹池塘轮虫、枝角类和桡足类的平均密度分别为1 685.0～25 370.0,1.7～34.3和57.7～960.3 ind·L^-1;平均生物量分别为1.087～10.261,0.022～0.434和1.234～13.738 mg·L^-1。水源水体轮虫、枝角类和桡足类的平均密度分别为30～510,0～12和2～166 ind·L^-1;平均生物量分别为0.001～0.132,0～0.316和0.006～1.081 mg·L^-1。幼蟹池塘的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数变化范围分别为1.233～1.994,0.451～0.678和1.478～2.404;水源水体的变化范围分别为0.849～2.171,0.474～0.910和0.577～2.306。RDA排序结果显示水体T、DO、TP、TN和COD_Mn是影响浮游动物群落分布的主要因素。生物多样性指数综合评价结果表明,盆地环境条件下幼蟹养殖池塘和水源水体污染状况相同,均处于中污染状态。     

油菜N13和N18上含油量QTL作图区间相关候选基因克隆

以前人报道的SG-图谱和DH群体为材料,利用拟南芥脂质基因库和芸薹属EST库信息资源,选择与拟南芥中诠释的重要油脂合成相关基因高度同源的甘蓝型油菜EST和其他具有基因信息的EST序列为标记来源,发展功能基因标记加密SG图谱;对定位在N13和N18连锁群上含油量QTL区间的相关基因片段进行克隆、测序和生物信息学分析,以期获得可能与种子含油量QTL有关联的侯选基因。结果表明:在2条连锁群的3个含油量QTL区域内共连锁上6个功能基因,其中与拟南芥同源的3个基因在油脂合成途径中发挥重要作用;其双亲差异片段经克隆测序和比对分析,发现有2个在双亲间存在氨基酸水平差异;将获得的基因片段和拟南芥同源基因序列比对结果显示,二者间内含子部分核苷酸序列相似率平均为57.7%,外显子区域为86.7%,氨基酸水平上则达到89.2%。     

Beef with environmental and quality attributes: Preferences of environmental group and general population consumers in Saskatchewan, Canada

We attempt to quantify and qualify the preferences of consumers for beef with a number of environmental and food quality attributes. Our goal is to evaluate the viability of a proposed food co-operative based in the Wood River watershed of southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The food co-operative was designed to provide a price premium to producers who adopted alternative management practices. In addition, the study evaluated the acceptance of a proposed food co-operative by consumer that had environmental interests as compared to the general population. Conjoint analysis was used to determine the trade-off and relative value of beef with the following production and purchasing characteristics: (a) use of hormones, antibiotics and vaccination in production; (b) method of obtaining the beef including monthly or yearly purchase contracts or a local market; (c) price relative to beef purchased from the local grocery store; and (d) impact on the river ecosystem. Consumers from environmental groups had stronger environmental and food quality preferences than individuals from the general population. However, consumers from both groups expressed a willingness to pay higher prices for food that had these attributes. It was uncertain whether the magnitude of the premium, in combination with a desire not to enter a long-term purchasing commitment, would be large enough to encourage farmers to adopt the alternative management. Ken W. Belcher is an Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Saskatchewan. His research has focused on ecological economics and environmental policy with a particular interest in environmental conservation in agricultural landscapes. Andrea E. Germann was a Research Assistant with the Centre for Studies in Agriculture, Law and the Environment at the University of Saskatchewan. Josef K. Schmutz is a Research Fellow with the Centre for Studies in Agriculture, Law and the Environment. Joe has expanded his research interest on prairie raptors by fostering strategic design for alternative, local economies that include the conservation of birds and their ecosystems.     

沈阳地区水稻生产的生态环境影响研究

为明确沈阳地区水稻生产对环境的影响,促进水稻清洁生产水平提升,采用生命周期评价法,以1 t稻谷为功能单位,对沈阳地区水稻生产系统的原料开采、农资生产和水稻种植阶段的10种潜在环境影响进行评价。结果表明,水稻生产对环境影响潜力较大的是水体毒性、富营养化、土壤毒性和人体毒性,环境影响指数分别为16.278、1.558、1.457和0.960。加权处理后,环境影响综合指数为2.267。水稻种植阶段化肥和农药的大量使用,增加了该阶段对环境酸化、富营养化、水体毒性和土壤毒性的影响潜值;其中化肥的大量投入,尤其是氮肥的大量投入,加重了其上游生产环节的能源消耗,从而提高了农资生产阶段对全球变暖的贡献率;而生产阶段能源的大量消耗又扩大了原料需求量,从而增加了原料开采阶段重金属排放量,使得潜在人体毒性成为原料开采阶段的主要环境影响。因此,减少化学肥料和农药的使用,是控制水稻生产潜在环境影响的关键。     

水稻多逆境响应基因OsMsr13的克隆与功能分析

为了深入研究作物耐逆境胁迫的分子机制和发现新的水稻耐逆基因,采用Affymetrix基因芯片技术与水稻表达芯片(含51,279个转录本),分析了培矮64S不同生长发育时期、不同组织器官全基因组在低温、干旱、高温逆境胁迫下的表达水平变化,筛选出一批耐多逆境候选功能基因.OsMsr13是其中一个受低温、高温与干旱诱导,在各生长发育时期与组织器官均显著上调的基因.根据序列生物信息学分析,OsMsr13含有7个外显子和6个内含子,cDNA全长序列为1603bp,完整的ORF为1317bp,编码一个含438个氨基酸残基的蛋白质;在OsMsr13启动子区域发现多个与逆境应答相关的顺武作用元件;数据库查找和蛋白质多序列的比对表明Os Msr13的预测蛋白属于钙调素结合蛋白家族.为了进一步研究OsMsr13基因的功能,通过RT-PCR方法扩增到包含OsMsr13完整ORF的cDNA克隆,构建了含有OsMsr13重组基因的过量表达载体pCAM-JIT-OsMsr13,并经农杆菌介导法将重组基因导入到水稻中.转OsMsr13株系苗期的抗逆性试验表明OsMsr13过量表达能显著地提高水稻的耐寒性,但在抗旱和耐高温方面,转基因植株和野生型9311没有观察到多大差别.