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H. Khatib I. Zaitoun Y.M. Chang C. Maltecca & P. Boettcher 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(1):26-28
In dairy cattle, many studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the centromeric end of chromosome 14 that affect milk production traits. One of the candidate genes in this QTL region – thyroglobulin (TG) – was previously found to be significantly associated with marbling in beef cattle. Thus, based on QTL studies in dairy cattle and because of possible effects of this gene on fat metabolism, we investigated the association of TG with milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1279 bulls from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository Holstein population were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism in TG used previously in beef cattle studies. Analysis of 29 sire families showed no significant association between TG variants and milk production traits. Within‐sire family analysis suggests that TG is neither the responsible gene nor a genetic marker in association with milk production traits. 相似文献
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In order to determine the relative value of different immunological traits as indicators of resistance to infection, an analysis was performed based on records of immunological traits in young bulls and “health card” records of clinical mastitis in their half sisters. The correlation analysis suggested that young bulls with high levels of serum immunoglobulin have half sisters with low mastitis frequency. A significant positive correlation was found between the antibody response peak against human serum albumin and susceptibility to mastitis. The results of this analysis should not be considered conclusive as the data were limited. Further work is required on a larger body of material. The model described here may be considered for future use as it enables immediate selection of animals. 相似文献
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为探究寡腺苷酸合成酶1(oligoadenylate synthase 1,OAS1)基因多态性与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取130头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法测序查找OAS1基因外显子1~8的SNP位点,使用SPSS 19.0软件分析OAS1基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性。结果显示,在松辽黑猪OAS1基因外显子2、3和6上共检测到33个突变位点;其中在外显子2的110 bp处存在1个SNP位点(G110C),存在3种基因型:GG、GC和CC;在外显子3的176 bp处存在1个SNP位点(C176T),存在3种基因型:CC、CT和TT;在外显子6的145 bp处存在1个SNP位点(C145T),存在3种基因型:CC、CA和AA;在166 bp处存在1个SNP位点(G166A),存在3种基因型:GG、GA和AA;在206 bp处存在1个SNP位点(A206G),存在3种基因型:AA、AG和GG。卡方适合性检验结果显示,松辽黑猪OAS1基因G110C突变位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,C176T、C145A、G166A和G206A位点均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。群体遗传参数分析结果显示,各SNPs位点遗传杂合度均位于中等水平,为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.5)。关联分析结果发现,G110C位点GC基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著高于GG基因型个体(P<0.05);C176T位点CT基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于CC基因型个体(P<0.05);C145T位点CC基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);G166A位点GA基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于GG基因型个体(P<0.05);A206G位点GG基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05)。结果表明,OAS1基因外显子区存在突变位点,对松辽黑猪部分繁殖性状有显著性影响。 相似文献
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Sangho Choi Hee-Jong Woo Jeongmin Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(2):127-137
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is one of the fatal neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) caused by infectious prion proteins. Genetic variations correlated with susceptibility or resistance to TSE in humans and sheep have not been reported for bovine strains including those from Holstein, Jersey, and Japanese Black cattle. Here, we investigated bovine prion protein gene (PRNP) variations in Hanwoo cattle [Bos (B.) taurus coreanae], a native breed in Korea. We identified mutations and polymorphisms in the coding region of PRNP, determined their frequency, and evaluated their significance. We identified four synonymous polymorphisms and two non-synonymous mutations in PRNP, but found no novel polymorphisms. The sequence and number of octapeptide repeats were completely conserved, and the haplotype frequency of the coding region was similar to that of other B. taurus strains. When we examined the 23-bp and 12-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms in the non-coding region of PRNP, Hanwoo cattle had a lower deletion allele and 23-bp del/12-bp del haplotype frequency than healthy and BSE-affected animals of other strains. Thus, Hanwoo are seemingly less susceptible to BSE than other strains due to the 23-bp and 12-bp indel polymorphisms. 相似文献
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采用PCR-RFLP方法对4个不同品种家兔MHC-DQA基因外显子2的遗传多态性进行检测,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,在家兔MHC-DQA基因外显子2的第103 bp处表现出多态性;χ2适合性检验结果表明,Mbo Ⅱ酶切位点在齐卡大型新西兰白兔和齐卡巨型白兔群体均没有达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.05),而在齐兴肉兔和加利福尼亚兔群体均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);聚类分析结果表明,齐卡大型新西兰白兔与齐卡巨型白兔亲缘关系最近。试验结果为进一步利用MHC进行抗病育种提供了分子生物学基础。 相似文献
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Hieu Van DONG Maya SUZUKI Hitoshi TAKEMAE Dulamjav JAMSRANSUREN Sachiko MATSUDA Hiep Dinh NGUYEN Tetsuya MIZUTANI Yohei TAKEDA Haruko OGAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(11):1543
In this study, the viral genome extraction performance of automatic nucleic acid extractors and manual nucleic acid extraction kits was compared. We showed that compared with manual kits, the automatic extractors showed superior genome extraction performance using bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) genome-positive cattle sera and bovine coronavirus/infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-spiked cattle nasal swabs. In addition, the subgenotyping of BVDV strains detected in Tokachi Province in Japan during 2016–2017 was performed. Results showed that most of these BVDV strains belonged to subgenotype 1b, while few strains belonged to subgenotypes 1a and 2a. This study showed the high applicability of automatic nucleic acid extractors in extracting multiple viral genomes and the dominant subgenotype of BVDV in Tokachi. 相似文献
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MyoD基因在不同猪种中的PCR-RFLP遗传多态性及其遗传效应研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
采用PCR—RFLP的方法分析了MyoD基因在10个中外猪种及部分杂交群体中的分布情况,并分析了MyoD基因对肌纤维、胴体品质、胴体等级性状和肉质性状的遗传效应。结果表明:MyoD基因内含子1内的DdeI酶切位点多态性较丰富。在多数地方猪种群体中,C基因的分布具有绝对优势,且主要以杂合子AC形式存在。突变型A基因对胴体性状和胴体等级性状的影响较大,可极显著地增加胴体瘦肉率和眼肌面积,降低皮脂含量,提高腿臀比例,增加胴体长度(P〈0.01),同时会降低猪肉品质。具体讲,A基因对增加肌纤维面积的加性效应值和显性效应值分别为457.915μm^2和431.055μm^2;对增加嗣体瘦肉率的加性效应值和显性效应值分别为3.594%和-0.153%;对增加眼肌面积的加性效应值和显性效应值分别为3.084cm^2和-0.46cm。;对皮脂率的加性效应值和显性效应值分别为~3.916%和0.666%;对提高腿臀比的加性效应值为0.771%,显性效应值为0.068%。A基因对屠宰后45min和冷藏24h后的肉色评分的加性效应值分别为-0.145和-0.160,显性效应值分别为-0.052和-0.213. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship and population structure among nine Eurasian cattle populations using 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The calculated distribution of minor allele frequencies and heterozygosities suggested that the genetic diversity of Bos indicus populations was lower than that of Bos taurus populations. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the main divergence between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations, and subsequently between Asian and European populations. By principal components analysis, the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished with PC1 (61.1%); however, six Bos taurus populations clustered loosely and the partial separation between European and Asian groups was observed by PC2 (12.5%). The structure analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE program. Distinct separation between Bos taurus and Bos indicus was shown at K = 2, and that between European and Asian populations at K = 3. At K = 4, 5 and 6, Mongolian population showed an admixture pattern with different ancestry of Asian and European cattle. At K = 7, all Bos taurus populations showed each cluster with little proportion of admixture. In conclusion, 58 SNP markers in this study could sufficiently estimate the genetic diversity, relationship and structure for nine Eurasian cattle populations, especially by analyses of principal components and STRUCTURE. 相似文献
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为分析肉牛MSTN基因的遗传多态性及变异特征,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了60头甘肃武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因的多态性,对群体内各等位基因进行了克隆测序。结果显示:武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、AB两种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.9167、0.0833;第2外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、BB、AB三种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5、0.25、0.25。序列分析表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN第1外显子在269 bp发生了A→G的突变,第2外显子在41 bp发生了C→T的突变,二者均属于同义突变。统计结果表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子呈低度多态,第2外显子呈中度多态,外显子3没有发生突变。 相似文献
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本试验检测了杜泊羊群体中三个微卫星位点OarAE101、BMS2508和HH55的多态分布情况,结果表明:这三个位点都具有7个等位基因,其多态信息含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(E)及群体杂合度(H)依次为OarAE101:0.8400/6.6370/0.8493;BMS2508:0.8218/5. 9620/0.8323;HH55:0.7875/5.0216/0.8009,具有较高的多态性,从而为杜泊羊群体遗传多样性的度量、品种间配合力的测定以及分子辅助选择提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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Vc-獭兔、日本大耳白兔与新西兰白兔血液蛋白多态性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为给加速 Vc-獭兔育种提供理论依据 ,利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对 Vc- 系、 系獭兔、日本大耳白兔和新西兰白兔血液中的红细胞酯酶 (Es-1、Es-2和 Es-3 )、血清前转铁蛋白 (Prt)、后白蛋白 (Po)等 5个蛋白位点的多态性进行了测定 ,结果表明 :在 4个群体中 ,Es-1、Es-2、Es-3和 Po各有 3种表型 ,分别受 2个共显性等位基因控制 ,Prt有 6种表型 ,受 3个共显性等位基因控制。计算表型频率及基因频率。并根据基因频率计算遗传距离和聚类分析 ,分析结果 :Vc- 系、Vc- 系獭兔的亲缘关系最近 ;Vc-獭兔与日本大耳白兔的亲缘关系较近 ,与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系较远 ;日本大耳白与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系最远 相似文献
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Structure, function and disease susceptibility of the bovine major histocompatibility complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of cattle is known as the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) and is located on chromosome 23. BoLA has been linked to variation in resistance to disease including bovine leukemia virus‐induced lymphoma and mastitis. Moreover, BoLA appears to influence other traits such as milk yield, growth and reproduction, which are not often measured in humans, and variations in individual immune response to antigen. The BoLA appears to be organized in a similar way to the MHC region in humans, but there are notable differences. A major rearrangement within the class II region has led to the division of the BoLA into two distinct subregions of chromosome 23 separated by about a third of the chromosome’s length. The class IIa subregion contains functionally expressed DR and DQ genes, while the class IIb subregion contains the genes of undefined status such as DYA, DYB, DMA, DMB, DOB, DOA, TAP1, TAP2, LAP2 and LMP7. In addition, one pair of human class II genes (DP) does not appear to have an equivalent in cattle, and there is one pair of DY genes that seem to be found only cattle, sheep and goats. In humans, three classical, polymorphic class I genes (HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C ) are each present on all haplotypes. However, in cattle, none of the four (or more) classical class‐I genes identified are consistently expressed, and haplotypes differ from one to another in both the gene number and composition. These variations in both class I and II are likely to play an important role in cattle immune responses. This review summarizes current knowledge of the structural and functional features and disease association of BoLA genes. 相似文献
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乌羊遗传多态性的AFLP分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了AFLP标记在乌羊遗传多态性方面应用的可行性和该山羊个体基因组DNA的AFLP扩散结果。实验应用10条人工设计的与接头序列相识别的AFLP选择性引物,用PstⅠ酶切,对15只乌羊基因组DNA进行AFLP反应,共获得116个AFLP标记,单引物获得的标记数在2~21之间,乌羊群体相似系数AFLP研究结果为0.897(0.798~0.976),遗传距离为0.024~0.202之间。该研究为评价乌羊的遗传稳定性提供了相关的参数,准确评价尚待和其它品种对比研究后确定。 相似文献
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肉牛业是畜牧业的重要组成部分,而良种产业化是肉牛产业发展的关键。20世纪人工授精、胚胎移植、发情控制等繁育技术的出现及常规育种技术的应用,使肉牛遗传改良取得了巨大进展,但越来越不能满足现代肉牛业发展的需求。进入21世纪,随着现代生物技术的迅速发展,肉牛育种已从传统表型和表型值育种朝着分子水平方向发展;以配子与胚胎工程、基因工程为主体的高新繁育技术将逐渐成为肉牛繁育的主要手段;体外胚胎生产、胚胎移植商业化应用将会进一步提高,实现产业化;动物克隆、转基因动物生产经不断发展与完善,将成为肉牛育种方面最具潜力的方法。论文就肉牛育种与繁育技术的发展趋势作一简要论述,旨在为肉牛生产提供理论依据与参考。 相似文献
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山羊作为重要家畜之一,不仅能够为人类提供奶、肉、毛绒等丰富的物质生活资料,而且能够生存于炎热、寒冷、干旱等极端环境条件下,表现出良好的环境适应能力。但其环境适应性的分子机制解析一直尚未完善。随着测序技术的发展和景观基因组学的兴起,许多研究展开了遗传环境关联分析的工作,挖掘到一系列环境适应性相关的候选基因,为解析山羊的环境适应性遗传机制提供了重要依据。本文从景观基因组学的角度介绍了遗传环境关联分析的几类常用方法,包括分类检验、logistic回归、一般线性模型和混合效应模型。并针对山羊环境适应性研究的现状,从高海拔适应性、热适应性、冷适应性、干旱适应性和综合气候适应性5个角度,对近年来的研究进展进行了概述。最后,本文指出了山羊环境适应性研究中存在的问题,并对未来的研究趋势进行展望,以期为山羊遗传资源的挖掘、保护和利用工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
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利用11对AFLP引物组合,检测了哈萨克羊、阿勒泰羊、巴什拜羊池DNA遗传变异,构建了各品种的AFLP DNA 指纹图谱,根据AFLP分析结果,统计了每个引物组合在各品种中检测到的多态性条带,计算了3个品种的遗传相似系数,并据此构建了UPGMA聚类关系图,分析了它们的遗传关系.结果表明:11对AFLP引物组合在3个地方绵羊品种中共检测到310条带,平均每个引物组合产生28.18条带,变化范围在25~34条,其中多态性条带32条,占扩增总带教的10.32%,每对引物平均扩增多态性带2.909条.品种间的遗传相似系数以哈萨克绵羊与阿勒泰绵羊的最高(O.699),哈萨克绵羊与巴什拜绵羊最小(0.592),聚类结果与这些羊的育成史、分化及地理分布一致. 相似文献
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PRL基因的遗传多态性及其物种间的系统进化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用生物信息学理论和方法探讨了PRL基因在物种间的平均核苷酸差异度、核苷酸差异数目(K)、净遗传距离(Da);用MEGA软件进行聚类分析。结果表明:在小鼠、大鼠、猫、白化猕猴、普通牛、山羊、野猪、人、斑马鱼、鸡等10个物种间PRL基因发生了较大的变异,进化速率较快,物种间的遗传多态性丰富。经遗传距离和聚类分析,野猪与猫聚为一类,山羊与普通牛聚为一类,然后这两类聚成一大类后与人和白化猕猴的一类相聚,再依次与小鼠、大鼠的一类和鸡相聚在一起;这些物种与斑马鱼的亲缘关系相对较远,系统树总体分为两支,斑马鱼为独立的一支,小鼠、大鼠、猫、白化猕猴、普通牛、山羊、野猪、人、鸡为另一独立的大分支;这同古生物学、形态学、生化遗传学、细胞遗传学和其他DNA分子水平上的分类结果基本一致,表明PRL基因适合于哺乳动物种间系统进化关系和分类研究。这些结果为人们进一步认识PRL基因的特性、作用机理、物种演化和分类以及改良哺乳动物的产乳和繁殖性能提供了理论依据。 相似文献