市政工程中给排水施工的管理分析

随着国内城市化的推进，市政工程的给排水工程越发显得重要。传统的给排水施工技术已经无法满足城市发展要求，社会对给排水的施工质量提出了更高地要求。文章结合当前给排水施工管理现状，对给排水施工的施工管理各方面进行简要探析。     

如何选配潜水电泵

如何选配潜水电泵山西省农机鉴定站赵伟，袁小光潜水电泵是由潜水泵和潜水电动机组成一体潜入水中工作的一种排灌机械．它广泛应用于农业排灌、井下提水、工业给排水、家庭花园喷灌、污水排放、高楼层供水等场合。由于它具有低噪音、无污染、安装方便、操作使用可靠、节能...     

轴流水泵常见故障的原因及排除

轴流泵属于大流量、低扬程水泵,广泛用于农田排灌、城镇给排水、水利工程等许多领域。通过多年的工作实践,现就水泵常见故障产生的原因及排除方法分析如下,供参考。 一、水泵超载、有不正常噪音及振动 1.水泵安装不符合要求,应按照轴流泵的安装图及安装要求重新安装。 2.水泵运行情况超过允许性能范围,应停止水泵。     

农田水利工程建设的问题与对策

农田水利工程对于农业生产至关重要。水利工程施工十分复杂,需要土建、给排水和电气安装等诸多工种的相互协调配合。介绍农田水利工程施工方法,分析农田水利建设中存在的问题,提出提高农田水利工程质量的具体解决方案与对策。     

趋化算法及其在给排水工程中的应用

非线性回归问题在给排水工程中经常遇到。趋化算法不用给出非线性回归系数的取值范围，也可随意选择初值，是一种回归精度高的非线性优化算法。介绍了该算法的计算过程并例举了在给排水工程中的应用实例。     

高层建筑给排水消防设计技术研究

近年来,随着我国经济的飞速发展,城市中出现越来越多的高层建筑,给排水消防技术面临着新的挑战,因此必须加强研究给排水消防设计技术。文章就高层建筑给排水消防设计技术进行了研究,一方面阐述了高层建筑给排水消防设计的注意事项,另一方面阐述了高层建筑给排水消防设计的关键技术研究。     

装载机工作装置横梁安装可行域CAD

建立了装栽机工作装置横梁安装可行域ＣＡＤ（计算机辅助设计）数学模型，编制了相应的绘图程序，绘图结果为实际设计提供了理论依据。     

建筑给排水及消防系统设计探讨

随着当前城市化进程的不断推进，人民生活水平不断提升，建筑的科技含量也越来越高，在此种情况下，建筑给排水设计和消防设计成为人们关注的焦点，对建筑整体质量及广大住户的生活水平有着直接影响。基于此，本文主要从不同角度对建筑给排水及消防系统设计的相关问题展开了分析和研究，以供大家参考。     

农业给排水设计及施工中的问题与对策

本文围绕农业给排水设计及施工领域,结合农业给排水工程建设的特点,分析了目前农业给排水设计及施工方面存在的问题,并提出了针对性的措施,以供参考。     

高层建筑给排水节水节能研究

近年来,随着资源紧缺现象的加剧,人们的环保意识不断增强。针对高层建筑给排水节能节水方面进行了探讨,并根据高层建筑给排水功能的特点,对高层建筑给排水节水节能着重进行了介绍。     

System approach to drainage,irrigation and soil conservation related to water quality problems

The system approach and combination of simulation and optimization models to the problems of water quality in public water supply basins influenced by agricultural activities, drainage, irrigation and soil conservation are presented. The methodological aspects of the problem are analysed.     

灌区排水再利用研究进展

灌区排水再利用研究及其应用不仅对保障未来我国粮食安全和水安全有积极作用,而且对提高农田水肥资源利用效率、保护水环境等都具有十分重要的意义。总结了国内外灌区排水再利用研究基础理论和关键技术,包括排水再利用基础理论研究、常见的排水再利用工程运行模式和减轻排水灌溉利用负面效应的管理措施。指出我国灌区排水再利用具有较大潜力,排水再利用的节水减污效果明显,目前关于排水中氮磷等营养成分的研究成果较多,对盐分及其他组分的研究相对较少,再利用的工程运行模式与灌溉管理措施是影响排水再利用效应的关键因素,排水水质和水量变化规律、最佳再利用模式和灌溉管理措施的选择、再利用的生态环境效应评价与风险分析等是今后排水再利用研究的重要内容。     

Identifying sources of recharge to shallow aquifers using a groundwater model

The poor water quality of sub-surface drainage, hereafter drainage, water generated in the western San Joaquin Valley in California creates management challenges for farmers and water managers. Elevated concentrations of salt and trace elements in agricultural drainage limit the disposal options. In this constrained environment, determining the original source of drainage water is a crucial step in developing appropriate drainage management policies. Numerical modeling results of near-surface water-table fluctuations indicate that the substantial groundwater rise observed in the vicinity of the region's major water supply canal could not be attributed solely to seepage from overlying irrigated fields. An inverse solution approach is used herein to test the theory that seepage from the canal itself and/or that from surface water retention ponds (designed to protect the structure from flash floods) is responsible for an accentuated groundwater mound. The results suggest that canal seepage is the more likely source of non-agricultural aquifer recharge.     

农田排水暗管系统施工方法和装备研究现状与展望

农田排水具有防涝、控水和排盐等多重功能,其中暗管排水是当今最有效的大面积农田排水解决方案。暗管系统的施工从完全人工安装、人工结合机械安装,发展到全机械化安装,实现了基于激光/卫星定位系统的坡降和高程（埋深）控制,作业质量和效率显著提高。然而,暗管排水技术专业性强,施工装备复杂,系统实施难度大、一次性投资高。因此,在施工过程中必须结合生产实际选用最宜技术和装备,进一步完善施工规范,积极探索和开发新工法、新材料和新装备,提高施工装备作业能力、效率和质量,依靠技术创新不断降低工程造价和投资风险,提高技术可接受性。此外,还需加强技术培训与国际合作,广泛汲取国际先进经验和教训,将我国暗管排水技术应用提升到世界先进水平,大规模提升我国盐渍和涝渍化土地质量,逆转或恢复日益恶化的盐碱土地生态环境,确保农林产业可持续发展。      

石羊河流域井灌区土壤水分深层渗漏研究

基于土壤水分亏缺、总有效水分和实际有效水分的概念,建立土壤水分水量平衡模型,通过计算作物根系层的深层渗漏量,来反映土壤水与地下水之间量的相互转化关系。研究结果表明,研究期间的总深层渗漏量为9 4.1 9 mm,占研究期间总灌水量和降雨量的2 0.1%,这部分水量通过根系层补给下层土壤,最终补给地下水。     

Improving mole drainage channel stability in irrigated areas

Mole drains in flood irrigated agriculture can rapidly fail due to high flows of irrigation water entering the mole channel through the soil cracks formed during the moling process. Currently mole drains are formed using a straight leg mole plough that results in rapid irrigation water flow to the mole drain. The use of an angled leg mole plough to reduce the direct inflow of irrigation water and produce more stable mole channels was investigated. The leg of the angled leg mole plough comprised an upper vertical section to which an angled section carrying the mole foot was attached at a 30° angle. The trials were carried out on two contrasting clay soils in a flood irrigated area. One of the soil types was structurally stable on wetting, the other unstable. The quality of the mole channels formed at installation using the straight leg plough was good, but using the angled leg plough were only moderate due to some instability problems with the equipment. This was caused by the mole foot pitching and thus forming an oval channel.After installation, irrigation was applied to the mole channels to ascertain their stability on wetting. The angled leg moles proved more stable than the straight leg moles in the unstable soil. This was due to reduced water flow rates into the channel causing less erosion and to the prevention of the leg slot opening up directly into the mole channel, through shrinkage, during dry periods. The latter prevented significant soil wash and ingress into the channel during the following irrigation. This improved stability is of significant importance in that it may allow the adoption of mole drainage on sodic and swell/shrink soils where previously mole drainage would have been ineffective.In the structurally stable soil, the stability of the angled leg moles was found to be slightly worse than those installed with the straight leg plough. This was probably due to inadequate soil packing in the channel roof during installation.The trial results indicate that mole channels installed with angled leg plough have the potential for much greater stability on sodic and swell/shrink soils than moles installed with current straight leg mole ploughs. Before this potential can be fully achieved further development of the mole ploughing technique is required to ensure that high quality moles are consistently formed at installation. Suggestions are made for future improvements to the mole plough and the moling technique.     

城市中水系统纳入给排水系统综合规划的优化研究

在分析城市水系统中给水、排水及中水各系统组成的基础上，获得各系统较为准确可靠的费用模型，从而建立城市中水系统纳入给排水系统综合规划的数学模型。结合华北某城市加工区，对数学模型进行了考核计算，验证了模型的正确性、可靠性，不但有助于资源优化配置，而且大大节省建设和运行费用。