Application of Airway Pressure Therapy in Veterinary Critical Care: Part II: Airway Pressure Therapy

As the specialties of emergency medicine and critical care have grown and evolved in both human and veterinary medicine, so has the need for more advanced care of patients with primary lung disease. Treatment of acute respiratory failure has been the focus of several articles in the human medical literature of the past few years.^1,8 This paper deals with airway pressure therapy and its application in cases of acute respiratory failure in veterinary medicine. The reader is referred to part I of this paper for a reveiw of respiratory mechanics and hypoxemia as they apply to respiratory therapy.     

呋塞米冲击疗法在犬急性肾功能衰竭中的应用

呋塞米冲击疗法是指在肾衰治疗过程中采用大剂量的呋塞米进行静脉推注或者加入生理盐水中进行静脉滴注,达到利尿的作用,促进尿液的生成与排出,从而加速肌酐随尿液的排出,达到降低血清肌酐水平,促进肾衰治疗的作用。论文就冲击疗法与常规疗法对急性肾衰治疗效果进行了比较。以临床接诊肾衰治愈病例60例为研究对象,其中30例为对照组使用常规疗法治疗,另外30例为试验组使用常规疗法加冲击疗法治疗。结果表明,呋塞米冲击疗法平均治愈时间比常规疗法治愈时间提前近2 d,证明呋塞米冲击疗法可以有效缩短急性肾衰的治愈时间。     

抗菌肽防治金华猪呼吸道疾病综合症的疗效研究

应用抗菌肽对金华猪的呼吸道疾病综合症进行了治疗研究。研究结果表明：用抗菌肽防治猪呼吸系统疾病,发病率为10%,治愈率为88%,与运用青链霉素防治方法效果相比,运用抗菌肽疗效高,且安全、无不良反应。     

Serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T in dogs with class IV congestive heart failure due to mitral valve disease

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of circulating detectable serum levels of cardiac troponin I (CTnI) and circulating detectable serum levels of cardiac troponin T (CTnT) in dogs with class IV congestive heart failure (CHF) due to mitral valve disease (MVD) at admission. An additional study aim was to determine if detectable troponin levels correlated with the magnitude of several clinical parameters. Design: Prospective clinical investigation. Setting: Small animal emergency and critical care referral hospital. Interventions: Blood was collected before emergency treatment from 15 dogs presenting in class IV CHF due to MVD. Measurements: Serum concentrations of CTnI, CTnT at presentation. Main results: Six dogs (40%) had a detectable CTnI (median 0.24, range 0.12–0.31 ng/mL), and the remainder were less than 0.1 ng/mL and deemed non‐detectable. The one dog (7%) that had a detectable CTnT (0.02 ng/mL) also had a detectable CTnI (0.23 ng/mL). There was no statistical difference in survival to discharge between dogs with non‐detectable troponin levels and those with detectable troponin levels; however, dogs with detectable troponin levels had shorter overall survival times. Dogs with a detectable level of CTnI had a median survival of 67.5 days (range 1–390 days), and dogs with a non‐detectable level of CTnI had a median survival time of 390 days (range 20–912 days) (P=0.02). Conclusion: This study suggests that CTnI can be detected at admission in the blood of 40% of dogs with class IV CHF due to MVD. Dogs with non‐detectable levels of cardiac troponins had a significantly longer overall survival time. The encouraging results of this small pilot study warrant further investigation.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒与猪呼吸道冠状病毒荧光RT-PCR鉴别检测方法建立与应用

本研究根据Genbank登录的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)N基因和S基因保守区序列设计合成了两对引物和探针,通过对荧光定量RT-PCR反应条件的优化,建立了TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR快速检测TGEV的方法。该方法能有效地鉴别序列密切相关的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒与呼吸道冠状病毒。与常规RT-PCR试验比较表明,所建立的荧光RT-PCR检测技术快速、敏感,检测时限3个小时以内,具有很好的特异性和重复性。通过对39份临床样品进行检测,结果表明所建立的检测方法直接检测样品中猪传染性胃肠炎病毒。     

转录组测序技术在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒研究中的应用

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)能导致母猪繁殖障碍及仔猪呼吸困难等症状,严重威胁全球养猪业的健康发展。目前,PRRSV的致病机制及其与宿主的互作机理并不完全清楚。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的快速发展,转录组测序技术已被广泛应用于PRRSV的研究中,为深入解析PRRSV的致病机理及其与宿主的互作机制提供了一种全新的研究工具。作者从感染应答、蛋白功能、毒株、疫苗、抗病品种5个方面对近年来转录组测序技术在PRRSV研究中的应用进行了综述分析,对其筛选的差异表达基因(DEGs)和通路进行总结,以期为未来PRRSV转录组学研究提供参考。     

Detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Related Coronavirus and Alphacoronavirus in the Bat Population of Taiwan

Bats have been demonstrated to be natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV. Faecal samples from 248 individuals of 20 bat species were tested for partial RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase gene of CoV and 57 faecal samples from eight bat species were tested positive. The highest detection rate of 44% for Scotophilus kuhlii, followed by 30% for Rhinolophus monoceros. Significantly higher detection rates of coronaviral RNA were found in female bats and Scotophilus kuhlii roosting in palm trees. Phylogenetic analysis classified the positive samples into SARS‐related (SARSr) CoV, Scotophilus bat CoV 512 close to those from China and Philippines, and Miniopterus bat CoV 1A‐related lineages. Coronaviral RNA was also detected in bat guano from Scotophilus kuhlii and Myotis formosus flavus on the ground and had potential risk for human exposure. Diverse bat CoV with zoonotic potential could be introduced by migratory bats and maintained in the endemic bat population in Taiwan.     

Helium‐oxygen gas‐carrier mixture (heliox): a review of physics and potential applications in veterinary medicine

Background – To review the physics of helium with regard to airway physiology, as well as known human and potential veterinary applications of administration of inhaled helium‐oxygen gas‐carrier mixture (heliox). Data Sources – Human and veterinary studies. Human Data Synthesis – Helium‐oxygen mixtures have been used in human medicine for over 70 years as an adjunct therapy in various upper and lower respiratory disorders. Helium's low density promotes laminar flow through partially obstructed airways, resulting in a decreased work of breathing. Veterinary Data Synthesis – Little to no evidence‐based medicine exists to support or oppose the use of heliox in veterinary species. However, domestic animal species and humans share several common pathophysiologic aspects of various obstructive airway disorders. Thus, veterinary patients may also ultimately and significantly benefit from this novel therapy. Conclusion – Prospective studies are needed in veterinary medicine to determine the utility of heliox in clinical scenarios.     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及其用作诊断抗原的研究

对猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）核衣壳蛋白（Ｎ）作为ＥＬＩＳＡ抗原进行了研究，将编码ＰＲＲＳＶＮ蛋白的基因０ＲＦ７ｃＤＮＡ插入杆状病毒表达载体ｐＢｌｕｅＢａｃＨｉｓ２Ａ，通过同源重组获得了重组杆状病毒ＯＲＦ７－ＡｃＭＮＰＶ，感染昆虫细胞ＳＦ９表达了Ｎ蛋白，占细胞总蛋白的７．０７％，纯化后作为抗原建立了间接ＥＬＩＳＡ，与ＩＤＥＸＸ公司的ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断试剂盒有９６％的符合率，与ＩＦＡ有１００％的符合率。试验证实：ＰＲＲＳＶＮ蛋白在昆虫细胞中得到高效表达且是检测ＰＲＲＳＶ抗体的良好抗原。