共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Valérie Gravel Hani Antoun Russell J. Tweddell 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):457-462
The effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants was investigated using different bioassays. Application of IAA (5 μg ml−1) on tomato seedlings inoculated with P. ultimum did not affect their emergence suggesting that IAA did not affect the severity of Pythium damping-off. However, IAA was shown
to influence the development of P. ultimum symptoms on tomato plantlets. Low concentrations of IAA (0–0.1 μg ml−1) within the rhizosphere of plantlets increased the severity of the symptoms caused by P. ultimum, while higher concentrations (10 μg ml−1), applied either by drenching to the growing medium or by spraying on the shoot, reduced the symptoms caused by this pathogen.
In addition, the study demonstrated that P. ultimum produces IAA in liquid culture amended with L-tryptophan, tryptamine or tryptophol (200 μg ml−1) and in unamended culture. 相似文献
2.
Taro Mori Katsumi Ozaki Hiromi Matsusaki Naotaka Matsuzoe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):142-146
To study the behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium, which is resistant to bacterial wilt, S. toxicarium was grown in aseptic culture and inoculated with R. solanacearum. Although 60%–80% of the inoculated plants were wilting after 2 to 3 days, most wilted plants had recovered by 20 days after
inoculation. The pathogen was reisolated from over 98% of inoculated plant stems, but the percentage of recovery decreased
the closer the isolation sites were toward the upper stem sections. Three colony types, characterized as fluidal white, nonfluidal
red, and a mixture of fluidal white and nonfluidal red, were reisolated from the stems. Nonfluidal red colonies were less
virulent on tomato plants than fluidal white colonies. 相似文献
3.
In four neighbouring regions of southern Italy, Basilicata, Campania, Apulia and Calabria, pepper and zucchini plants showing
Phytophthora blight symptoms, tomato plants with either late blight or buckeye rot symptoms, plants of strawberry showing
crown rot symptoms and declining clementine trees with root and fruit rot were examined for Phytophthora infections by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, using primers directed to nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat
sequences. All diseased plants and trees examined tested positive. The detected fungal-like organisms were differentiated
and characterized on the basis of primer specificity as well as through extensive restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP) and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified rDNA. Phytophthora capsici was identified in diseased pepper and zucchini plants, P. infestans was identified in tomato with late blight symptoms whereas buckeye rot-affected tomatoes and diseased strawberry plants proved
to be infected by P. nicotianae and P. cactorum, respectively. Declining clementine trees were infected with P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae in about the same proportion. Also, thirty-one pure culture-maintained isolates of Phytophthora which had previously been identified in southern Italy by traditional methods but were never examined molecularly, were examined
by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified nuclear rDNA. Among these, an isolate from gerbera which had previously been
identified by traditional methods only at genus level, was assigned to P. tentaculata. For the remaining pure culture-maintained isolates examined, the molecular identification data obtained corresponded with
those delineated by traditional methods. Most of the diseases examined were already known to occur in southern Italy but the
pathogens were molecularly detected and fully characterized at nuclear rDNA repeat level only from other geographic areas,
very often outside Italy. A new disease to southern Italy was the Phytophthora blight of zucchini. This is also the first
report on the presence and molecular identification of P. tentaculata from Italy. 相似文献
4.
Satoko?Kusumoto Titik N.?Aeny Subli?Mujimu Cipto?Ginting Takashi?Tsuge Shinji?Tsuyumu Yuichi?Takikawa
Since 1991, the sudden death of cultivated banana plants has been widely observed in the southern region of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Wilting from loss of petiole and midrib turgidity, yellowing, and necrosis of leaves was followed by death of the whole plant. Reddish brown bacterial ooze exuded from the cut surface of infected pseudostems and fruits. The colony appearance of the isolated bacterium was similar to that of Ralstonia solanacearum. The bacterium was pathogenic to banana plants but not to tomato. Its bacteriological properties agreed with those of blood disease bacterium (BDB) of banana described previously. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain Banana E had conserved bases characteristic of BDB. Based on these results, the causal agent was identified as BDB, which is a close relative of Ralstonia. The isolates have resistance against antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol and tetracycline.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession number AB095535 相似文献
5.
Nazir Javed Said El-Hassan Simon Gowen Barbara Pemproke Muhammed Inam-ul-Haq 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(1):53-60
Initial applications of 104 spores g−1 of Pasteuria penetrans, and dried neem cake and leaves at 3 and 2% w:w, respectively, were applied to soil in pots. Juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica were added immediately to the pots (500, 5,000 or 10,000) before planting 6-week-old tomato seedlings. The tomatoes were
sampled after 64 days; subsequently a second crop was grown for 59 days and a third crop for 67 days without further applications
of P. penetrans and neem. There was significantly less root-galling in the P. penetrans combined with neem cake treatment at the end of the third crop and this treatment also had the greatest effect on the growth
of the tomato plants. At the end of the third crop, 30% of the females were infected with P. penetrans in those treatments where spores had been applied at the start of the experiment. The effects of neem leaves and neem cake
on the nematode population did not persist through the crop sequences but the potential for combining the amendments with
a biological control agent such as P. penetrans is worthy of further evaluation. 相似文献
6.
Foot rot of mature tomato plants was found in four cities of Hokkaido, Japan, from 2004 to 2007. Six of eight isolates obtained
from damaged tissues were identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-3, and the remaining two isolates belonged to AG-2-1. We compared these isolates with nine reference
isolates including the different subgroups in AG-3 (PT, TB and TM) and AG-2-Nt (pathogen of tobacco leaf spot) within AG-2-1
in terms of pathogenicity to tomato, tobacco and potato. All eight isolates caused foot rot on tomato. The six AG-3 isolates
caused stem rot on young potato plants. While, all reference isolates of AG-3 PT causing stem rot of young potato plants incited
foot rot on tomato. The two AG-2-1 isolates and an AG-2-Nt reference isolate caused severe leaf spot on tobacco leaves. The
sequences of rDNA- ITS region and rDNA-IGS1 region of the AG-3 isolates showed high similarity to that of AG-3 PT isolates.
Phylogenetic tree based on ITS and IGS1 regions of rDNA indicated that the AG-2-1 isolates from tomato formed a single clade
with AG-2-Nt isolates and that they were separate from Japanese AG-2-1 isolates (culture type II). Pathogenicity tests and
DNA sequence evaluation of the causal fungi revealed that the present isolates of AG-3 and AG-2-1 belonged to AG-3 PT and
AG-2-Nt, respectively. This is the first report of tomato foot rot caused by R. solani in Japan. 相似文献
7.
Seisaku Umemoto Youko Odake Taeko Takeuchi Shigenobu Yoshida Seiya Tsushima Motoo Koitabashi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(5):399-400
In 2006, stem rot and blue-green crusty lesions were found on the stems of tomato plants in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Penicillium oxalicum was isolated repeatedly from the diseased plants. The causal fungus reproduced natural symptoms after artificial inoculation
of tomato plants and was re-isolated from symptomatic plant tissue. P. oxalicum is a new pathogen that causes blue mold on tomato plants in Japan. 相似文献
8.
Helena P. Trenado Isabel M. Fortes Diamantina Louro Jesús Navas-Castillo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(2):193-196
Tomato chlorosis virus causes yellow leaf disorder epidemics in many countries worldwide. Plants of Physalis ixocarpa showing abnormal interveinal yellowing and plants of Physalis peruviana showing mild yellowing collected in the vicinity of tomato crops in Portugal were found naturally infected with ToCV. Physalis ixocarpa and P. peruviana were tested for susceptibility to ToCV by inoculation with Bemisia tabaci, Q biotype. Results confirmed that ToCV is readily transmissible to both species. The infection was expressed in P. ixocarpa by conspicuous interveinal yellow areas on leaves that developed into red or brown necrotic flecks, while P. peruviana test plants remained asymptomatic. Infected plants of both P. ixocarpa and P. peruviana served as ToCV sources for tomato infection via B. tabaci transmission. This is the first report of P. ixocarpa and P. peruviana as natural hosts of ToCV. 相似文献
9.
为探讨枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis菌株B1409对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的防效和生防机制,采用平板对峙法和盆栽法测定了该菌株对番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用、对2种病害的盆栽防效以及对番茄和辣椒植株促生长效果和防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:菌株B1409能明显抑制番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长,且导致菌丝发生畸变。10~8CFU/mL菌株B1409菌液对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的预防效果分别为67.82%和61.22%,治疗效果分别为41.22%和56.43%。不同浓度B1409菌液均能促进番茄和辣椒植株生长,并能增强其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且浓度越高促进效果越明显。番茄和辣椒植株的平均干重分别在10~2CFU/mL和10~4CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后显著高于对照,增长率分别为42.35%和4.87%。番茄和辣椒植株经10~2CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后,体内超氧化物歧化酶活性比对照显著增加,增长率分别为91.23%和19.58%。研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌B1409菌株可通过直接抑制菌丝生长及诱导植物体自身抗病性等方式来有效防治番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病。 相似文献
10.
Characterization and pathogenicity assessment of Plectosphaerella species associated with stunting disease on tomato and pepper crops in Italy
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This study follows a survey carried out in 2012 and 2013 on tomato and pepper crops in the Foggia province (southern Italy), for morphological, molecular and pathogenicity analyses of Plectosphaerella fungi. The Plectosphaerella genus includes several species that are pathogens of horticultural plants. The survey identified tomato and pepper crops that showed abundant wilt, leaf yellowing, and discolouration and necrosis of roots, plus collar and stem symptoms. Different fungi including Plectosphaerella spp. were isolated from tissues with and without symptoms. Subsequent molecular and morphological studies identified first records of P. citrulli infecting tomato and pepper, and P. pauciseptata and P. ramiseptata infecting pepper. Pathogenicity testing confirmed that most isolated species of Plectosphaerella caused symptoms on tomato and pepper, with P. ramiseptata the most aggressive. On the basis of these data, it is considered that Plectosphaerella species may cause stunting disease in tomato and pepper. 相似文献
11.
Gerald Ravelo Uiko Kagaya Tsuyoshi Inukai Masanao Sato Ichiro Uyeda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(1):59-65
Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) elicits lethal tip necrosis in the pea line PI 118501. Pea line PI 118501 develops necrotic lesions and veinal necrosis
on inoculated leaves, followed by systemic necrosis, leading to plant death. To understand the genetic basis of this lethal
tip necrosis, we crossed lines PI 226564 and PI 250438, which develop mosaic symptoms in response to ClYVV inoculation. In
reciprocal crosses of PI 118501 with PI 226564, all F1 plants had mosaic symptoms with slight stem necrosis and early yellowing of upper leaves. Essentially the same symptom was
manifested in PI 118501 × PI 250438 F1 plants. In F2 populations from the cross between PI 118501 and PI 226564, the observed ratios of necrosis, mosaic with slight stem necrosis,
and mosaic fit the expected 1 : 2 : 1 ratio. These results indicate that a single incompletely dominant gene confers the induction
of necrosis in PI 118501. This locus in pea, conferring necrosis induction to ClYVV infection, was designated Cyn1 (Clover yellow vein virus-induced necrosis). A linkage analysis using 100 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of PI 118501 and PI 226564
demonstrated that Cyn1 was located 7.5 cM from the SSR marker AD174 on linkage group III. 相似文献
12.
R. L. C. M. Pitelli M. Penariol A. M. C. M. Pitelli R. A. Pitelli 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(2):123-128
SeveralAlternaria cassiae isolates were recovered from diseased sicklepod plants (Senna obtusifolia) in the southern regions of Brazil. A representative isolate (Cenargen CG593) was tested for its host range under greenhouse
conditions. The fungus promoted symptoms in sicklepod, cassava (Manihot dulce), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) when tested at a spore concentration of 106 spores ml−1. When the plants were inoculated with a suspension of 105 spores ml−1 and held at a dew period of 12 h (cassava) or 18 h (tomato and eggplant), the plants showed symptoms of the disease, but
they recovered and continued their normal vegetative growth. These results show that the fungusA. cassiae is safe to use for the control ofS. obtusifolia under Brazilian conditions, because it did not cause excessive damage in the three plants tested.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 14, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Partial stem and leaf resistance against the fungal pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> in wild relatives of tomato 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Arjen ten Have Ralph van Berloo Pim Lindhout Jan A. L. van Kan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(2):153-166
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of many greenhouse crops that can be infected by the necrotrophic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea. Commercial cultivation of tomato is hampered by the lack of resistance. Quantitative resistance has been reported in wild
tomato relatives, mostly based on leaf assays. We aimed to identify wild tomato relatives with resistance to B. cinerea based on quantitative assays both on leaves and stem segments, monitoring infection frequency and disease expansion rate
as parameters. A quantitative tomato stem segment assay was developed. This stem assay and a previously described leaf assay
were used to screen a collection of 22 Solanum accessions. Significant differences in disease parameters were observed among accessions. Resistance to B. cinerea was observed in a number of wild Solanum species, including accessions of S. chilense, S. habrochaites and S. neorickii, both in the leaf assay and the stem segment assay. A number of resistant and susceptible accessions were evaluated as adult
plants under greenhouse conditions. The data obtained in greenhouse assays confirmed the leaf and stem disease data. The expression
of several defence-related genes was studied in a subset of accessions. There was no apparent correlation between the expression
levels of the genes tested and the quantitative resistance level to B. cinerea.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
14.
Hideki Watanabe Yoshihiro Taguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):81-88
Pythium and Phytophthora species were isolated from kalanchoe plants with root and stem rots. Phytophthora isolates were identified as Phytophthora nicotianae on the basis of morphological characteristics and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the rDNA-internal
transcribed spacer regions. Similarly, the Pythium isolates were identified as Pythium myriotylum and Pythium helicoides. In pathogenicity tests, isolates of the three species caused root and stem rots. Disease severity caused by the Pythium spp. and Ph. nicotianae was the greatest at 35°–40°C and 30°–40°C, respectively. Ph. nicotianae induced stem rot at two different relative humidities (60% and >95%) at 30°C. P. myriotylum and P. helicoides caused root and stem rots at high humidity (>95%), but only root rot at low humidity (60%). 相似文献
15.
Massimo Zaccardelli Annalisa Spasiano Carlo Bazzi Massimo Merighi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,111(1):85-90
A rapid detection method based on PCR amplification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato chromosomal sequences was developed. Primer design was based on the P. syringae DC3000 hrpZPst gene, which maps on a pathogenicity-associated operon of the hrp/hrc pathogenicity island.A 532 bp product corresponding to an internal fragment of hrpZPst was amplified from 50 isolates of P. syringae pv. tomato belonging to a geographically representative collection. The amplification product was also obtained from three coronatine-deficient strains of P. syringae pv. tomato.On the other hand, PCR did not produce any such products from 100 pathogenic and symbiotic bacterial strains of the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Erwinia, and Rhizobium and 75 unidentified bacterial saprophytes isolated from tomato plants. The method was tested using leaf and fruit spots from naturally-infected tomato plants and asymptomatic nursery plants and artificially contaminated tomato seeds. The results confirmed the high specificity observed using pure cultures. 相似文献
16.
Takao Tsukiboshi Yoshiaki Chikuo Yoko Ito Yosuke Matsushita Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):293-296
Root and stem rot with wilt of above ground parts of cultivated chrysanthemums was first found in Ibaraki, Toyama and Kagawa
prefectures, Japan in 2002 and 2003. Pythium species were isolated from the diseased tissues and identified as P. dissotocum, P. oedochilum, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum var. ultimum and asexual strains of P. helicoides based on their morphologies and sequences of rDNA-ITS region. All the Pythium species were strongly pathogenic to chrysanthemums in pot conditions and were reisolated from the inoculated plants. Because
Pythium root and stem rot of chrysanthemum has never been reported in Japan, we propose that this is a new disease that can
be caused by the five Pythium species. 相似文献
17.
Characterization and host range evaluation of Pseudomonas viridiflava from melon, blite, tomato, chrysanthemum and eggplant 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D.E. Goumans A.K. Chatzaki 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(2):181-188
The fluorescent bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson was identified as the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of melon, tomato, blite, eggplant and of pith necrosis of chrysanthemum plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled on greenhouse-grown or on potted plants under controlled environmental conditions. Twenty seven cultivated and one weed species, when artificially inoculated, were found to be susceptible to a strain of the bacterium isolated from cucumber. In cross-inoculation tests on potted plants, each strain induced the disease symptoms, independently of the host of origin. To our knowledge, melon and blite have not been previously reported as natural hosts of P. viridiflava. Also this is the first record of the bacterium as a foliar pathogen of melon, tomato, eggplant and blite and as a stem pathogen of chrysanthemum in Greece. 相似文献
18.
Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora cryptogea and Phytophthora nicotianae were isolated from tomato plants with symptoms of crown and root rot in plastic‐house crops in Sicilia and Calabria (southern Italy). The species were identified primarily on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. The identification was confirmed using molecular methods, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of mycelial proteins and polymorphism of DNA sequences amplified by polymerase chain reaction using random primers (RAPD‐PCR). P. capsici caused significant losses in tomato crops that had succeeded capsicum crops. P. cryptogea was found to be the most frequent species causing basal stem rot of tomato, a disease of increasing importance in commercial tomato crops in plastic houses in Sicilia. P. nicotianae was common in plastic houses where poor drainage resulted in standing water. 相似文献
19.
20.
Sang-Woo Lee Il-Pyung Ahn Sang-Yeon Sim Sue-Yeon Lee Myeon-Whoon Seo Soonok Kim Sook-Young Park Yong-Hwan Lee Seogchan Kang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(1):1-11
A Gram-negative rhizobacterial isolate (LSW25) antagonistic to Pseudomonas corrugata, a vein necrosis pathogen of tomato, and promotes the growth of tomato seedlings was isolated from surface-sterilised tomato roots. A spontaneous rifampicin-resistant
mutant (LSW25R) was selected to facilitate its tracking, and identified as Pseudomonas sp. and named as Pseudomonas sp. LSW25R (LSW25R), based on its sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 16 S rRNA gene. LSW25R inhibited
mycelial growth of 12 other plant fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea on V8 agar plates. By using a scanning electron microscope, LSW25R colonised not only the root surface around the natural
aperture of tomato radicles but also under epidermal cells like endophytic bacteria. LSW25R successfully colonised the roots
of tomato, eggplant and pepper seedlings, significantly promoted the fresh weight, height and dry matter of tomato plants
at 108 cfu·ml−1, and increased the plant growth of eggplants and peppers at 104 cfu·ml−1, suggesting that the optimal population density of LSW25R for growth promotion varies from species to species. Moreover,
densities of LSW25R inside roots and the lowest leaf of tomato plants were > 9.3 × 103 cfu·g−1. Although the growth promotion of tomato by LSW25R was observed under N- or Ca-deficient conditions as well as a standard
nutrient condition, the uptake of calcium was increased only under the standard nutrient condition. In a hydroponic system,
LSW25R not only successfully colonised the rhizosphere during cultivation due to its broad spectrum of antifungal activity
and endophytic colonisation, but also reduced blossom-end rot of tomato fruits presumably through increasing calcium uptake. 相似文献