中国茶文化产业建设与发展研究

茶文化产业是本世纪出现的产业新概念。作者从茶文化产业概念的提出与完善入手,就茶文化产业发展的价值前提、茶文化产业的形成与分类、茶文化产业发展的主体与实践以及我国茶文化产业的发展现状等进行了深入分析,在此基础上,提出了推动中国茶文化产业发展的对策与建议。     

传统优势产区棉业高质量发展对策——以山东省夏津县为例

总结了山东省夏津县棉花产业发展情况，论述了发展棉花产业对促进全县经济发展的重要性，分析了该县棉花产业发展存在的问题，并从完善创新技术生产体系、力促三产融合发展，推行订单生产模式、加快供给侧结构性改革，创建省级棉花现代产业园区、促进产业升级发展，成立县级棉花产业联盟、统筹协调推进夏津棉业发展4个方面阐述了加快夏津县棉花产业高质量发展对策，以期进一步优化本县棉花产业发展结构，促进经济高质量发展，并为内地传统植棉区的发展提供参考。     

桓仁县优质稻米产业的发展

通过对桓仁县稻米产业发展的先决因素的分析得出,优越的自然环境是优质稻米产业发展的基础;优质高产品种的选择是优质稻米产业发展的关键;加强商品意识是优质稻米产业发展的手段;树立优质理念、创新发展是优质稻米产业发展的保证。实践证明,走优质米路线是桓仁县稻米产业发展的有效途径。     

来宾市花卉产业现状及发展对策

来宾市花卉产业近年来蓬勃发展,花卉产业已具有一定规模,区域性花卉中心基本形成。但是,来宾市的花卉产业也存在一些不足,一定程度上制约着整个产业的发展壮大,在今后的发展中针对这些问题加以改善和探索,以求确保来宾市花卉产业稳定健康地发展。针对目前国内外花卉产业发展现状及来宾市花卉产业发展现状,提出了来宾市花卉产业发展对策。     

黑龙江省亚麻产业发展问题和对策

本文简要介绍了黑龙江省亚麻产业发展历史、栽培制度演变、产业发展现状、主要技术概况及今后发展展望。指出黑龙江省亚麻产业在全国和我省国民经济发展及人民生活中所占的位置,论述我省发展亚麻产业的重要意义,分析我省亚麻产业发展中存在主要问题和解决措施,提出黑龙江省亚麻产业的具体对策和重点发展方向。     

抚松县人参产业发展现状及振兴人参产业的几点建议

吉林省抚松县于1995年被国家命名为"中国人参之乡".几年来,抚松县以振兴人参产业为己任,用现代化产业的发展思路谋划人参产业发展,一手抓文化,一手抓实业,推动了人参产业健康发展.吉林省实施人参产业振兴战略以来,加快了全省人参资源的整合和产业推进,为人参产业发展注入了新的活力,使抚松县人参产业的发展步入良性轨道,呈现出蓬勃发展态势.     

以循环经济模式发展茶叶产业

优化茶叶产业体系发展机制,是茶叶产业价值实现最大化的基础和关键。相对于其他产业而言,茶叶产业在发展过程中,具有浓厚的文化要素,特别是在长期发展历史中,形成了一系列具有我国特点的文化理念内涵,传统茶文化体系就是整个茶叶产业发展过程中的重要元素。本文拟从茶叶产业转型发展的具体背景分析入手,结合循环经济模式的具体内涵认知,通过融入当前茶叶产业发展的时代优势,从而探究融入循环经济模式发展茶叶产业的具体思路。     

中国特色油料产业高质量发展思路与对策

本文系统阐述了当前中国特色油料产业发展现状,从生产效率、风险抵御、加工发展、贸易结构全产业视角剖析了产业发展存在的短板。基于产业发展现状、前景和制约因素,明确了产业高质量发展的定位和思路,从转变生产方式、发展精深加工、加强科普宣传和开展对外合作四个方面提出了促进中国特色油料产业高质量发展的对策。     

关于新疆甜菜产业发展的调研报告

简述国内外甜菜产业发展现状,结合新疆甜菜产业发展优势,分析新疆甜菜产业发展中面临的突出问题,并提出健康发展对策。     

发展"低碳经济",红麻大有可为

本文从发展"低碳经济"的构想出发,根据红麻产业的发展要求,分析了红麻产业的布局,红麻纤维传统的产业是发展的根本,开发红麻环保型中、高终端产品,以满足人们日益增长的消费需求是发展的方向.围绕产业的高速发展,提出了产业对农业的技术需求,以适应麻类产业景气度日益提升的新形势.     

Morphological Changes and Function of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Eddo Roots in Hydroponic Solution Containing Calcium at Various Concentrations

Abstract

Morphological changes and function of calcium oxalate crystals in eddo roots in hydroponic solution containing calcium at various concentrations were investigated. Bundles of needle-shaped crystals in crystal idioblasts were tubularly arranged in the peripheral part of cortex in the apical zone of primary roots. Under scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, crystals in the idioblasts of roots cultured in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution but smaller than those in the solutions containing either 15 mM calcium nitrate or 15 mM calcium chloride. The number and area of crystal bundles in the sections of the apical zone in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were significantly larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution and smaller than those in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium. The calcium mapping image obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed that the amount of calcium in crystal idioblasts was increased with increasing calcium concentration in the solutions. However, the weight percentage of calcium per cortex parenchyma cell in root apical zone did not vary significantly with the concentration of calcium in the solutions. In the root zone apart from the root apex having no crystals, the weight percentage of calcium per cortex parenchyma cell in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium was significantly higher than that in either 0 mM calcium or 1 mM calcium nitrate solution. These results suggested that the crystals in the tubular arrangement participated in the regulation of calcium levels in the apical zone of primary roots.     

耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响

采用秋旋耕起垄、秋深松旋耕起垄、春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄4种土壤耕作方式,进行田间大区试验,以探讨土壤耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响。试验结果表明,秋旋耕起垄和秋深松旋耕起垄出苗率高于春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄,出苗率均达85%以上,秋整地大豆生育期间干重、根瘤重和叶面积指数均高于春整地,秋旋耕起垄大豆根际微生物总数最多,细菌和放线菌数量明显高于春顶浆打垄。秋季整地地下害虫——蛴螬（Holotrichia diomphalia Bates）危害率比春季整地低10%左右,春顶浆打垄危害率高达34.3%。秋整地大豆的灰斑病发生程度、籽粒紫斑粒率和虫食率均低于春整地,秋整地产量较春整地增产16%以上,从本试验可以看出黑龙江省黑土平原区秋整地对连作大豆效果更好。     

Chemical management of Fusarium wilt of watermelon

Watermelon yield loss due to Fusarium wilt is increasing in the U.S., due in part to the emergence of the virulent race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and to the shift in production to triploid cultivars, which generally have less host resistance than previously grown diploid cultivars. One potential management strategy is the use of soil-applied fungicides to reduce Fusarium wilt. The U.S. national program, interregional project 4 (IR-4) supported multistate trials of soil-applied chemicals to manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Greenhouse trials were conducted in Maryland, Indiana and Georgia to test the efficacy of 14 chemicals on Fusarium wilt. Based on the performance of these chemicals in the greenhouse, six in Maryland and Delaware and eight in Indiana were selected for subsequent field evaluations. These chemicals were applied once, as a drench at planting, in field trials in Maryland, Indiana, and Delaware in 2008. The fungicides prothioconazole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest reduction in Fusarium wilt, and caused no phytotoxicity. In Maryland and Indiana in 2009, these chemicals were applied through the drip irrigation line alone and in combination, at 0, 2 and 4 weeks after planting. The experiment was repeated in 2010 in Maryland. Prothioconazole alone and in combination with acibenzolar-S-methyl or/and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest decrease in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Maryland in 2009. The same trend was observed in 2010 in Maryland where three of the prothioconazole treatments ranked the lowest of all treatments and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl had significantly lower Fusarium wilt AUDPC compared to the non-treated control. All chemical applications except for acibenzolar-S-methyl in combination with prothioconazole reduced Fusarium wilt AUDPC in Indiana in 2009. Prothioconazole alone and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl ranked lowest in Fusarium wilt AUDPC, although not significantly lower than most other treatments. These studies are the first to demonstrate that the soil-applied fungicides prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl may provide an additional field management option for Fusarium wilt of watermelon.     

Effects of germination and cooking on polyphenols and in vitro protein digestibility of horse gram and moth bean

Changes in polyphenols and in vitro protein digestibility due to germination and cooking were studied in horse gram and moth bean. Horse gram had higher amounts of polyphenols than moth bean. Polyphenol content in horse gram decreased from 1.6% to 1.1% at 48h germination, but in moth bean there was a reduction in polyphenol content from 1.3% to 1.0% at 24 h germination with a significant increase from 1.0% to 1.7% at 36 h germination. Seeds germinated for 48 h also exhibited higher amounts of polyphenols than in raw moth bean. The germination had no effect on total protein content, but a progressive increase in free amino acid content was observed in both legumes. In the ungerminated form, horse gram protein was more digestible than moth bean protein. The in vitro protein digestibility of both the legumes increased during germination. Cooking decreased the protein digestibility of horse gram either in ungerminated or germinated form, but such a decrease was noticed in moth bean at only 36 h germination. Moth bean either in raw form or germinated for 24 h did not exhibit a decrease in in vitro protein digestibility after cooking. Cooking decreased polyphenol content by 20%–50%. The apparent decrease in polyphenols in moth bean and horse gram due to cooking has been attributed to a decrease in assayable polyphenols.     

海南三亚和文昌稻田蜻蜓目成虫群落调查分析

蜻蜓目（Odonata）昆虫生活在不同的湿地中,越来越多地被用作评估环境质量及其变化的生物指标。弄清海南稻田蜻蜓目成虫群落组成和种群发展动态,可以为评价海南稻田环境质量提供依据。本研究于2017年对热带地区三亚市和亚热带地区文昌市的第1季和第2季稻田蜻蜓进行抽样调查,结果显示：蜻蜓群落在海南两季水稻不同生长期都稳定存在,种类有5~15种,数量为每百丛(3.70±0.67)~(14.00±0.57)头。蜻蜓群落多样性指数（H′）为2.007~2.193,均匀性指数（J）为0.786~0.808,优势集中性指数（C）为0.148~0.190。三亚和文昌分别采集到蜻蜓成虫3科15种和2科17种,第2季种类多于第1季,共有物种11种,两季群落相似系数（C_s）为0.701,优势种相似系数（C_s）为0.857。在三亚两季的分蘖期、花期和结实期个体数量有显著差异,而文昌两季不同时期个体数量无显著差异。三亚位于南繁区,杯斑小蟌（Agriocnemis femina）、翠胸黄蟌（Ceriagrion auranticum）和截斑脉蜻（Neurothemis tullia）可能是对南繁稻田环境变化敏感的种类。     

施硼对双低油菜皖油10号氮磷钾硼的吸收及分配的影响

皖油10号不同施硼水平田间试验结果表明，苗期各器官NPK含量、蕾薹期各器官PK含量、盛花期花蕾和茎NP含量及各器官含B量、成熟期角果和籽粒含K量均随施B量增加（0～0．6mp／kg）而升高，再增加施B量，各元素含量均下降。籽粒NPB含量亦如此，其最大施B量为0．7mg／kg。蕾薹期和盛花期各器官含B量及叶含N量、花蕾含K量均随施B量增加而升高，而苗期植株含B量和盛花期根含N量、茎叶含K量却相反。不同生育期各元素分布是地上部分＞根，其地上部分在盛花期各元素分布是花蕾＞叶＞茎；在成熟期NP主要集中于籽粒，角果次之；KB主要集中于角果，籽粒和茎次之。     

木薯的抗寒性及北移栽培技术研究进展综述

木薯作为中国三大薯类之一,具有良好的生物学性状,主要适宜在热带和亚热带种植,光合作用效率较高,淀粉产量在高等植物中非常突出。木薯的用途极为广泛,除食用外,可大量加工成工业产品。本文介绍了近几年木薯在抗寒性的生理生化、抗寒性的分子生物学、抗寒育种及北移栽培技术等领域的最新研究进展,并对木薯抗寒性和北移栽培的未来研究进行了展望。     

海南冬季玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾种群动态调查

对草地贪夜蛾发生情况进行了定点调查与监测。结果表明,海南6个调查点冬季均有草地贪夜蛾为害玉米,为害偏向于苗期、小喇叭口期和大喇叭口期,植株受害率分别为15.59%、13.16%和12.67%,抽雄期后为害显著减少;不同地区草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生程度不同,三亚和东方较为严重,峰值出现在2月,百株虫量分别为33.32头和30.72头,海口和儋州发生较轻,虫态以3龄幼虫所占比例最高;诱捕监测到草地贪夜蛾成虫出现2个峰值,三亚和东方诱虫数量（16.09头和15.07头）显著高于儋州（5.27头）。本研究明确了海南部分冬季玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾的发生动态,南繁区和东方市发生为害较为严重,西部和北部区域种群数量相对较低,研究结果为海南草地贪夜蛾的监测与防控提供依据。     

Compositional and digestibility changes in sprouted barley and canola seeds

Barley and canola seeds were sprouted over a 5 day period, in laboratory conditions under room temperature (22°C) and room lighting. Following initial hydration, seeds were kept moist by wetting the germination trays at 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 6 p.m. daily. A parallel germination experiment using 200 g quantities of seeds in petri dishes was conducted. Starting from the second day of germination, and every day, dishes of germinating seeds were removed, oven-dried, weighed and milled for proximate and chemical analysis. Seeds from the main germination experiment were fed in a digestibility trial to Wistar rats. Results indicated that sprouting was associated with depletion of many nutrients in both barley and canola, the major losses being in respect of dry matter, gross energy and triglycerides. In barley (but not in canola) sprouting was associated with significant increases in crude fiber and diglyceride content. In canola, there were significant losses in lipid content and increases in phytosterol and phospholipid content. Digestibility data showed an enhancement in digestibility of nutrients in barley but not in canola, implying that sprouting improved nutritional quality of barley but not canola.     

水稻受稻瘟病菌侵染后过氧化物酶定位的超微观察

 利用联苯胺蓝（3，3'-diaminobenzidine, DAB）染色法原位检测了水稻 稻瘟病菌互作过程中H2O2和过氧化物酶被诱导产生和积累的过程。结果表明在病原菌接种后，水稻叶鞘内表皮细胞在伤口、气孔保卫细胞及病菌侵染点等3种情况下可以检测到染色反应。在水稻-稻瘟病菌非亲和性互作中，H2O2产生和过氧化物酶活性上升快，并逐渐积累到较高的水平；而在亲和性互作反应中，H2O2产生和过氧化物酶活性上升被延迟，积累水平较低。超微结构研究表明，在非亲和性互作反应中，过氧化物酶主要定位于被侵染寄主细胞的细胞壁、细胞质、细胞膜、侵染菌丝周围及由膜系统构成的囊泡膜上；而在亲和性互作反应中，早期（接种后16 h）几乎难以观察到过氧化物酶的聚集，后期（接种后30 h）过氧化物酶聚集增多，但仍明显低于非亲和性互作反应。