共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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油菜菌核病在20世纪90年代初推广杂交油菜以来,随着种植面积的扩大,发病日趋加重。全市8000hm~2油菜,每年重病面积2666.6hm~2,约占30%,严重威胁着油菜的高产稳产。本站从1994年开始对该病的发生及防治技术进行了研究,现将结果报道如下。 一、 相似文献
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为监测病原和病害发生发展动态、病菌发育与作物感病和适合发病天气的吻合度, 及时发布病情预报, 指导适时防治, 2016年全国15个省 (区、市) 86个区域测报站按照《油菜菌核病测报技术规范》开展油菜菌核病病情调查, 结果发现, 2016年全国油菜菌核病发生面积大、区域集中、发生程度重; 前期病情接近常年, 后期病情扩展迅速。病害流行的原因主要有:田间菌源充足, 子囊盘萌发早; 子囊萌发盛期与油菜盛花期高度吻合; 气候因素适宜, 品种抗性低, 栽培管理不科学等。可通过加强监测预警, 科学用药, 选育抗性品种等措施减轻发病程度, 降低危害损失。 相似文献
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2008年蕲春县油菜菌核病大发生特点及原因分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2008年蕲春县油菜种植面积达1.67万hm2,品种以中双9号、中油杂12号和华油杂9号等为主。油菜菌核病是我县油菜主要病害,常年均在中等及中等以上程度发生,严重影响了油菜的产量和品质。1发生情况2008年油菜菌核病大发生,全县发生面积1.67万hm2,防治面积1.72万hm2次(其中防治用药1 相似文献
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拉毛果(Dipsacussativus)又名蓟果、越绒草。其形状为长椭圆形,是棉毛纺织品起绒的主要工具,为浙江慈溪、余姚市的著名特产。菌核病是拉毛果栽培中最主要的病害,株发病率10%~30%,重者40%~70%,严重影响产量、品质和经济效益。为此,笔者于2001~2003年对拉毛果菌核病的发生为害 相似文献
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留兰香(Menthe spicata L.)又名绿薄荷,系重要的特用经济天然香料作物,是多年生宿根性芳香类草本植物.20世纪80年代初苏北垦区从美国引入,随着连年种植,留兰香菌核病[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary]在80年代末已成为主要病害,近几年普遍严重发生,一般减产10%~15%,严重时达35%以上.有关此病在国内至今未见报道,为了解决生产上的问题,对该病的发生规律及防治技术进行了调查研究. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was carried out with 283 sunflower (Helianthus annuus) F(2:3) families derived from a cross between a resistant (SWS-B-04) and a highly susceptible sunflower inbred line. For that purpose, a genetic map based on 195 amplified fragment length polymorphism and 20 simple sequence repeat markers was constructed. The map has a size of 2,273.5 centimorgans and comprises 17 linkage groups, 12 of which could be associated to already defined linkage groups. The heads of sunflower F(3) families were artificially inoculated by using sclerotinia mycelium in three field environments. The lesion length was measured in centimeters 1 week postinoculation and head rot was scored according to a 1-to-8 head rot scale 2 weeks postinoculation. Using the composite interval mapping procedure, three QTL for lesion length and two QTL for head rot could be identified. These QTL explain 10.6 to 17.1% of the total phenotypic variance. 相似文献
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The effects of soil solarization on sclerotial populations of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. J. L. PHILLIPS 《Plant pathology》1990,39(1):38-43
Solarization reduced the populations of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil and reduced the ability of the surviving sclerotia to form apothecia. The greatest reductions occurred in the top 5 cm layer of soil but significant effects were seen at 10 and 15 cm depths. These reductions were due mainly to microbial colonization and degradation of sclerotia weakened by the sublethal temperatures produced by solarization. A beneficial side-effect was a significant reduction in the population of weeds in solarized plots. 相似文献
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Uniform and non-aggregated sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were produced in large numbers in a medium consisting of wheat grain and Pcerlite. Sclerotia of five out of seven isolates germinated and produced fertile apothecia when incubated in moist Perlite under near-UV radiation. 相似文献
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来凤县位于湖北省西南部,是稻瘟病的常发区之一,在20世纪80~90年代初期,常年发生程度在中等以上,后推广杂交抗病品种Ⅱ优品系和福优品系,稻瘟病得到了有效控制。但2007年穗颈瘟在杂交水稻上大发生,造成了水稻严重减产,直接影响了广大农民群众的生活和经济收入。全县8个乡(镇)均有不同程度的穗颈瘟发生,涉及到20多个品种,一般田块病穗率10%~50%,严重的达100%,产量损失在20%~80%,严重的颗粒无收。现将其发生特点和原因分析简述如下: 相似文献
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Blossom blight, caused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become an important disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in seed production areas of western Canada. Studies using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy
revealed that pollen grains of alfalfa are susceptible to infection byS. sclerotiorum. Ascospores ofS. sclerotiorum germinated readily in water with or without pollen grains. Examinations of ascospore—pollen mixtures incubated at room temperature
(20–22°C) for 5 days revealed that numerous pollen grains were infected byS. sclerotiorum by direct hyphal penetration through the equatorial germinative pores or through the exine and intine layers of the pollen
wall without the formation of infection cushions or appressoria. After penetration, hyphae ramified within the pollen grains,
causing plasmolysis of the cytoplasmic membrane and eventual disintegration of the pollen cytoplasm. The study suggests that
alfalfa pollen may play a role in the epidemiology of blossom blight in alfalfa. 相似文献