不同诱变处理对芒多倍体诱导效果的研究

以芒（Miscanthus sinensis）种子为外植体诱导出愈伤组织,对愈伤进行处理,探讨秋水仙素、诺考达唑、安磺灵3种不同诱变剂在相应条件下对芒多倍体诱导的作用效果。通过流式细胞仪进行DNA含量测定、染色体制片技术进行染色体数目鉴定和比较四倍体与二倍体叶片中气孔保卫细胞大小和密度等手段检测再生植株的倍性。结果表明：在对芒的愈伤进行处理时,最佳组合为安磺灵浓度10 μmol·L^-1,温度5℃,1.02 mmol·L^-1的Ca²⁺浓度,处理15 min,其诱导率为35.19%。诱变剂对材料的毒害作用表现为秋水仙素毒害作用最大;诺考达唑和安磺灵对材料的毒害作用次之,且二者无显著差别。     

Detection of equine X chromosome mosaicism in a mare using an equine X whole chromosome painting probe (WCPP)--a case report

An infertile mare with hypoplastic ovaries was subjected to cytogenetic analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using the equine X whole chromosome painting probe (WCPP) was carried out on a chromosome preparation obtained from blood lymphocyte culture. The number of analysed spreads was high (235) and in the X chromosome aneuploidy in mosaic form was diagnosed. The karyotype formula was 63,X / 64,XX / 65,XXX. The ratio of the three lines was 15%, 82% and 3%, respectively. The application of the FISH technique with WCPP is discussed.     

南阳牛生长性状相关基因组区域全基因组关联分析

本研究旨在筛选和鉴定与南阳牛生长性状相关的基因组区域和候选基因,从而更好地了解牛生长性状的遗传机制。试验共采集71头南阳牛母牛血样并提取基因组DNA,利用SLAF-seq（specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing）技术获得全基因组SNP标记并对试验个体基因型进行分型。对每头个体初生重及不同月龄（6、12、18、24、36）的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围和坐骨端宽及每6个月体增重等生长性状进行全基因组关联分析;获得显著相关的基因组区域后,对其中基因进行功能注释以筛选候选基因。结果显示,共获得141 755个筛选后的SNPs,通过全基因组关联分析鉴定出5个分别与12月龄体重（8号染色体：17 320 634~17 347 720 bp）、12月龄胸围（2号染色体：15 063 190~15 155 309 bp）、24月龄体斜长（11号染色体：60 727 342~81 425 987 bp）、36月龄坐骨端宽（14号染色体：15 635 762~15 643 272 bp）和12~18月龄体增重（26号染色体：40 456 192~40 456 477 bp）等生长性状显著相关的基因组区域（LOD≥6.35）。通过对5个基因组区域内的186个基因进行功能注释,共筛选得到11号染色体上的8个基因（BMP10、IFT172、SDC1、TCF23、TRIM54、RAB1A、VPS54和GDF7）与骨生长、肌肉发育和生长调控有关,建议其可优先作为牛生长性状相关候选基因进行进一步验证。     

Trisomy 2 in three cases of canine haemangiopericytoma.

Two female (12 and 14 years old) and one male dog (10 years old) developed haemangiopericytomas. Three copies of chromosome 2 were present in the tumours of all three dogs. Additional alterations were an interstitially deleted chromosome 1, centric fusions 3/34 and 8/15, isochromosome 32 and two unidentified marker chromosomes (M1, M2) in one bitch. In the other bitch, the additional alterations were trisomy 37, centric fusions 8/38 and 30/31, and a derivative chromosome 13 (der13). In the male dog, tandem fusion 2/19 was present in addition to two structurally normal chromosomes 2.     

家蝇胚胎细胞系染色体制作方法

[目的]探索家蝇胚胎细胞系(MDEC-07114)染色体制作的方法。[方法]以MDEC-07114细胞为材料制备染色体。实验分组:秋水仙素浓度为5、10mg/L组;秋水仙素处理时间为5、6、10h组;预固定组和直接固定组。[结果]秋水仙素浓度为10mg/L、作用时间为5h组,细胞分裂相多,染色体形态好;预固定处理后细胞分散好,染色体形态清晰。[结论]10mg/L秋水仙素作用5h,经预固定处理后制作MDEC-07114细胞染色体效果最佳。     

抗隐孢子虫鼠基因型CP15/60蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为获得高特异性的抗隐孢子虫单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,McAb),以原核表达的隐孢子虫鼠基因型(Cryptosporidium mouse genotype)子孢子表面抗原CP15/60为免疫原,免疫Balb/c小鼠。取免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞进行融合,用间接ELISA方法进行抗体效价测定,有限稀释法进行亚克隆。以常规染色体分析法进行杂交瘤细胞的染色体分析,用McAb亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定McAb亚型、间接ELISA法测定相对亲和力及交叉反应性、Western blot检测抗体的特异性。结果获得了2株能稳定分泌抗重组CP15/60(recombinant CP15/60,rCP15/60)的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为B4F7和D8H5,其腹水抗体效价均达到1∶107;染色体数目B4F7株为97条±4条、D8H5株为90条±7条,且观察到标志染色体;McAb亚型均为IgG1,轻链均为κ链;相对亲和力常数B4F7株为0.009μg/mL、D8H5株为0.016μg/mL;2种McAb均与rCP15/60蛋白发生特异性反应,与柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊可溶性蛋白、弓形虫裂殖子蛋白以及日本血吸虫虫体蛋白均无交叉反应,证实本试验获得了2株高特异性的抗隐孢子虫McAb。     

栽培燕麦和野燕麦C-带核型比较

对1个六倍体栽培燕麦(A.sativa)健壮燕麦和3个六倍体野燕麦(A.fatua)通北燕麦、五台燕麦和日本燕麦进行了C-带核型比较,结果表明,栽培燕麦与野燕麦C-带带型基本相似,但同时在多个染色体上不同材料间又有C-带多态性存在,多态性C-带显现在1C,4C,5C,8,10,13,15,19,20号染色体上.此研究结果可为这些种质资源在燕麦遗传育种中的研究和利用提供细胞学依据.     

猪鸡肉质性状分子标记及主效基因的研究进展

本文回顾了近年来猪鸡肉质性状的分子遗传标记及主效基因的研究进展。研究结果表明 ,已发现了 6 0个影响肉质性状的QTLs,它们分别位于染色体 1,2 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7,8,10 ,11,12 ,13,14 ,15 ,17,18和X ,其中 9个和 1个分别达到了 5 %和 1%基因组水平 ;影响肉质的主效基因达 2 0个左右 ,它们包括氟烷基因、糖原基因及影响肌肉含量、背膘厚和肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状的基因 ,其中氟烷基因和糖原基因的研究结果得到公认 ,其余基因的报道还有待进一步验证     

Application of arm-specific painting probes of horse X chromosome for karyotype analysis in an infertile Hutsul mare with 64,XX/65,XX+Xp karyotype: case report

A 5-year-old infertile Hutsul mare was subjected to cytogenetic analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using the equine Xp and Xq chromosome painting probes was carried out on chromosome preparations obtained after blood lymphocyte culture. These probes were generated by chromosome microdissection and a large number of spreads was analysed (525). The karyotype formula of the analysed mare was 64,XX/65,XX+Xp with the ratio of the two lines being 99.4 and 0.6, respectively. The goal of the study was to apply chromosome microdissection and the FISH technique for cytogenetic diagnostics.     

CYTOGENETICAL STUDIES OF INFERTILE PIGS

Cytogenetical studies were made on 6 infertile pigs. Post-mortem examination of the reproductive organs of 5 of these pigs showed them to be intersexes. Regardless of the degree of gonadal deviation from the normal, chromosome karyotype of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow, liver and kidney, revealed that 4 of the intersexes had a 38, XX constitution. One intersex exhibited sex chromosome mosaicism (38XX/38XY) in lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and bone marrow and a normal male karyotype (38XY) in cultured liver and kidney cells. The sixth pig, a phenotypically normal boar, also had a 38XX/38XY chromosome constitution.     

中国狗牙根染色体数变异研究初报

通过国内30份狗牙根种源当色体数目的观测分析.结果表明,①我国狗牙根种质资源染色体数目呈现非常高的异质性,不同种源具有不同染色体数,同一种源不同根尖存在不同染色体数,同一根尖不同细胞亦具备不同染色本数,不同倍性平均出现的频率依次为:4n(32.26%)>n(18.98%)>3n(10.7%)>6n(2.13%)>2n(0.41%).此外,非整倍体平均比率高达32.1%.②染色体数目与纬度、经度、海拔间均无显著回归关系.该项研究为我国狗牙根种质资源开发利用提供了初步的试验依据.     

Linkage mapping of four chicken calpain genes

Calpains are intracellular Ca²⁺‐dependent proteases and enzymes that contribute to growth and meat quality. In the present study, we identified polymorphisms in four calpain genes (CAPN1, CAPN2, CAPN3, and CAPN1.5) expressed ubiquitously in chicken using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, and mapped them using two backcross families (East Lansing (EL) and Kobe University (KU)). CAPN2 and CAPN1.5 mapped to two locations on chromosome 3 about 30 cM apart, while CAPN3 mapped to chromosome 5. CAPN1 was linked to a previously unlinked microsatellite marker LEI0140 to form a new linkage group called E66. CAPN2 and CAPN3 extend the amount of conserved synteny between chicken chromosome 3 and human chromosome 1, and between chicken chromosome 5 and human chromosome 15, respectively. Although CAPN2, CAPN3, and CAPN1.5 were found in the University of California Santa Cruz chicken genome browser gateway, CAPN1 and LEI0140 were not in specific genomic positions.     

百里香染色体制片优化及核型分析

采用常规压片法,首次对甘肃康乐地产野生百里香染色体进行核型分析。结果表明,上午8:45-9:15取材,0.04%秋水仙素和0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉溶液等体积混合液处理百里香芽尖2~3 h,改良石炭酸品红染色液染色1 h效果最好;对百里香体细胞染色体数目进行统计,核型分析结果表明,百里香的细胞染色体数为2n=24,其中中部染色体(m)为10对,近中部着色点染色体(sm)2对,其核型公式为2n=2x=24=20m+4sm,核型属2A型,核型不对称系数为59.63％。     

Comparative genomic hybridization in detection of DNA changes in canine lymphomas

In this study, chromosomal imbalances in tumor tissues (lymphomas) and nucleotide changes in tumor suppressor TP53 were studied in a Bernese Mountain dog bitch and a cross breed bitch. Using comparative genomic hybridization, numerous chromosomal rearrangements were detected, which indicated the heterogeneity in tumor growth: in the cross breed bitch, a deletion on the chromosome 9, and duplications on chromosomes 5, 8 and 17 have been found. In the Bernese Mountain Dog bitch, losses on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 12, 18, 22, 27, 29 and gains on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37 and 38 were identified. With the sequencing of the TP53 gene, one silent mutation, transition A/G at position 138 in exon 5 was detected, without changing the amino acid.     

H-Y单抗检测方法初探

优化间接ELISA条件 ,提高灵敏度 ,建立检测H Y抗体的检测方法。利用BALB/c公鼠免疫同系母鼠 ,制备H Y单抗。PCR验证间接免疫荧光法鉴定胚胎性别准确率。结果表明 :鉴定雄性胚胎的准确率为 83% ( 1 5 / 1 8)。鉴定雌性胚胎的准确率为 94 % ( 1 5 / 1 6)。     

骨形态发生蛋白15基因的研究进展

作者主要介绍了骨形态发生蛋白15的结构、功能与调控;骨形态发生蛋白15基因的结构、染色体定位,并讨论了该基因与哺乳动物繁殖性能的关系。     

Microtubule distribution in somatic cell nuclear transfer bovine embryos following control of nuclear remodeling type

This study was conducted to evaluate the microtubule distribution following control of nuclear remodeling by treatment of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos with caffeine or roscovitine. Bovine somatic cells were fused to enucleated oocytes treated with either 5 mM caffeine or 150 µM roscovitine to control the type of nuclear remodeling. The proportion of embryos that underwent premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was increased by caffeine treatment but was reduced by roscovitine treatment (p < 0.05). The microtubule organization was examined by immunostaining β- and γ-tubulins at 15 min, 3 h, and 20 h of fusion using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The γ-tubulin foci inherited from the donor centrosome were observed in most of the SCNT embryos at 15 min of fusion (91.3%) and most of them did not disappear until 3 h after fusion, regardless of treatment (82.9-87.2%). A significantly high proportion of embryos showing an abnormal chromosome or microtubule distribution was observed in the roscovitine-treated group (40.0%, p < 0.05) compared to the caffeine-treated group (22.1%). In conclusion, PCC is a favorable condition for the normal organization of microtubules, and inhibition of PCC can cause abnormal mitotic division of bovine SCNT embryos by causing microtubule dysfunction.     

微卫星DNA标记与鸡肉品质性状的相关分析

本研究测定了隐性白羽和仙居鸡参考家系F2代500羽个体的26个微卫星座位的多态性,分析微卫星标记与鸡肉品质性状之间的相关性,结果发现:位于2号染色体上的标记ADL212分别与pH值和嫩度显著相关;位于3号和5号染色体上的微卫星标记MCW 004和MCW 223与肉色显著相关;与胸肌失水率显著相关的微卫星标记分别为:位于2号染色体的MCW 264和ADL212以及5号染色体的MCW 223和9号染色体的ADL211。     

H-Y抗体对小鼠胚胎H-Y抗原表达的研究

BALB/C雄性小鼠脾细胞悬液腹腔注射免疫同系母鼠 ,精子细胞毒性试验筛选抗血清 ,效价高的抗血清分别用于胚胎培养的毒性试验和制备单克隆抗体再辅以间接免疫荧光和PCR对胚胎进行性别鉴别。结果表明 ,直接用H Y抗血清培养的胚胎 ,胚胎退化率达 43 3 % ,与自然性比差异不显著 ;PCR验证间接免疫荧光法鉴定的胚胎性别 ,雄性胚胎准确率为 83 % ,雌性胚胎准确率为 94%。