水稻种衣剂及浸种剂试验总结

试验对卫福200FF、卫福200WP、稻奥真等种衣剂及快丰收、扑霉灵、使百克等浸种药剂在水稻种子消毒过程中的应用进行对比,通过对各处理秧苗素质、病害发生情况及经济性状的调查,得出卫福200FF、卫福200WP、使百克、快丰收等药剂在2007年的试验中表现较好,其中卫福200WP产量最高达到505 kg/667 m2。     

胚芽米的浸泡条件对GABA富化量的影响

尽管胚芽米在碾米加工时胚芽不同程度受到了损伤,但是,胚芽米也可以生成GABA成分,试验证明,GABA的富化量与胚芽残存率成正比。对于胚芽残存率相同的胚芽米,浸泡环境温度(水温)、浸泡时间等影响GABA的富化量。在实验室条件下,用10℃左右的自来水洗米后,在环境温度为30℃、浸泡10个小时的条件下,胚芽米饭中的GABA成分富化到12 mg/100 g以上,游离必需氨基酸的量也有一定的增加。在浸泡后的米饭中没有检出杆菌、大肠菌和一般活菌,浸泡后炊饭是安全的。虽然胚芽米米饭的食味不如普通的精白米米饭,但是都在消费者能够接受的范围内。     

浸种温度和时间对水稻种子发芽的影响

由于耕作制度的变化和稻作方式的多样化,同一品种在不同时期播种其浸种时间不一,不同品种在同一时期播种,其浸种时间也有所差异。本文研讨了扬州市主栽品种不同时期的浸种时间。     

盐胁迫下亚精胺浸种对水稻种子萌发的影响

采用四个处理:A为清水对照,B为200 mmol/L NaCl,C为200 mmol/LNaCl+1.0 mmol/L Spd,D为1.0mmol/L Spd。对水稻种子进行处理,研究盐胁迫下亚精胺浸种对水稻种子萌发的影响。结果显示:用200 mmol/L NaCl溶液浸种时,种子萌发率明显降低,用1 mmol/L Spd溶液处理过的水稻种子,其发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数明显增加,并且胚芽的伸长长度增加。而用200 mmol/L NaCl溶液和1.0 mmol/L Spd溶液共同处理过的水稻种子,其发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与对照无明显差别,说明亚精胺浸种不仅可以促进水稻种子的萌发,还可以缓解盐胁迫对水稻种子的毒害作用。     

浸种剂对水稻种子微生物群落结构的影响

以常规粳稻秀水134为材料,设置清水浸种（CK）和咪酰胺浸种（Soak）两个处理,采用16S rRNA扩增子测序和分离培养等方法,研究浸种剂咪酰胺对水稻种子微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,Soak处理水稻种子表面真菌数目显著减少,而对水稻种子内细菌群落多样性和组成,包括细菌群落Shannon 指数、Chao1 指数、Observed OTUs、β多样性以及优势菌群相对丰度没有显著影响。可见,在农业生产中,咪酰胺浸种作为防治水稻种传病害的措施对种子内生菌群没有显著影响。     

油菜素内酯浸根对水稻水卷苗机插植伤的修复效应

目的 探究油菜素内酯(Brassinolide, BR)浸根对机插水卷苗栽后本田生长及产量的影响。方法 以宁粳8号为试验材料,分析不同浓度BR(T1、T10、T20,分别表示水培营养液中BR浓度为1 mg/L、10 mg/L、20 mg/L)浸根对水卷苗机插本田后返青活棵及产量的影响,以正常水培营养液处理为对照(CK)。结果 BR浸根(T1、T10、T20)能够促进水稻地上部生长,栽插本田21d后株高较CK分别增加11.68%、8.12%和7.61%;BR浸根对水卷苗栽后根系的促生作用更为明显,不同浓度BR浸根对水卷苗栽后根长、根表面积、根尖数、根体积、根直径、根质量和根冠比均产生了显著影响,其中根尖数以低浓度BR处理效果更优,而其他根系指标均以高浓度BR处理效果更优。与CK相比,不同浓度BR浸根降低了叶片过氧化氢浓度(至移栽后12 d,分别降低12.50%、23.25%和22.25%),增强了叶片抗氧化酶活性;与移栽当天相比,移栽后第2天BR浸根处理叶片中玉米素(ZT)浓度迅速增加(分别为197.27%、153.11%和243.78%),而CK增加缓慢(2.94%),根系表现一致,且根系中生长素(IAA)浓度显著高于CK;同时BR处理在栽后一周内赤霉素(GA₃)浓度均明显高于对照。与CK相比,T10处理显著提高了每穗粒数和结实率(分别为15.04%和6.62%),T20处理显著提高了结实率(6.17%),但BR处理千粒重均显著下降,最终产量T10和T20处理较CK分别提高5.11%和7.99%。结论 适当浓度的BR(T10~T20)浸根能减轻水卷苗机插植伤,提高抗氧化酶活性,降低H₂O₂含量,提高ZT、GA₃和IAA浓度,高效地促进根系生长,提高了每穗粒数和结实率。本研究可为减轻机插植伤,促进机插水稻高产稳产提供理论依据和技术参考。     

浸泡条件对整粒大豆嘌呤含量的影响

大豆属于高嘌呤食品,为了降低整粒大豆的嘌呤含量,本研究采用不同条件浸泡大豆,高氯酸水解法提取大豆中的嘌呤及其化合物,并利用高效液相色谱来测定其含量,研究浸泡条件对整粒大豆中嘌呤及其化合物含量的影响。通过单因素和正交试验对工艺进行优化,结果表明:浸泡条件为氯化钙用量4%(g∶mL)、浸泡温度60℃、浸泡时间2.5 h,料液比1∶5(g∶mL)处理后,整粒大豆总嘌呤的去除效果最好,从1.645 mg·g~(-1)下降到1.199 mg·g~(-1)。浸泡法去除的主要是小分子量的嘌呤类物质,大分子量嘌呤类物质不易从大豆中溶出,此法处理后的大豆营养成分损失较小,且整体感官较好。     

Recovery Effect of Root Soaking in Brassinosteroid (BR) on Transplanting Shock of Hydroponically Grown Long-Mat Rice Seedlings Under Mechanical Transplanting

【Objective】Mechanical transplanting results in serious transplanting shock of rice seedlings and a longer recovery stage, which negatively impacts the growth of rice seedlings in the paddy field and the yield formation of machine-transplanted rice. The objective of the research is to investigate the effects of brassinosteroid (BR) soaking on transplanting shock and grain yield of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings (HLMS) under mechanical transplanting. 【Method】We analyzed the effects of different concentrations of BR (CK, T1, T10, T20, BR concentrations of 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L in the nutrient solutions, respectively) soaking on morphological traits, dry matter accumulation, antioxidant system, endogenous hormone concentrations and grain yield of HLMS under mechanical transplanting. 【Result】Root soaking in BR could promote above-ground part growth of rice, the plant height under T1, T10, T20 was 11.68%, 8.12% and 7.61% higher than CK, respectively; and the effect on the root was more obvious, BR soaking significantly increased the root length, root surface area, root tip number, root volume, root diameter, root weight and root/shoot ratio. At low BR concentration, root tip overnumbered that at high BR concentration while other root system indicators were better under high concentration BR treatment. Compared with CK, BR (T1, T10, T20) soaking decreased the H2O2 content in leaves by 12.50%, 23.25% and 22.25% 12 days after transplanting, respectively, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Compared with the day of transplanting, the zeatin (ZT) concentration in the leaves under BR soaking treatments increased rapidly (197.27%, 153.11% and 243.78%, respectively), while under CK treatment it increased slowly (2.94%), the root performance was consistent with leaves, and the auxin (IAA) concentration in the roots was significantly higher than that of CK on the second day after transplanting. The gibberellin (GA3) content of roots in BR soaking treatments was significantly higher than that of CK within one week after transplanting. Compared with CK, T10 significantly increased the number of spikelet per panicle by 15.04%, and the seed-setting rate by 6.62%. T20 obviously increased the seed-setting rate by 6.17%. However, T1, T10, and T20 notably decreased 1000-grain weight. The grain yield under T10 and T20 treatments (the corresponding values were 10.58 t/hm2 and 10.84 t/hm2) were 5.11% and 7.99% higher than CK (10.04 t/hm2), while grain yield under T1 (9.68 t/hm2) was 3.58% lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference among these treatments. 【Conclusion】Briefly, BR （T10, T20）soaking at proper concentrations could mitigate the transplanting shock, increase antioxidant enzymes activities, decrease H2O2 content of leaves, improve the contents of ZT, GA3, and IAA to different extent, efficiently promote roots growth, increase the number of spikelet number per panicle and seed-setting rate of HLMS under mechanical transplanting. This study will lay a theoretical basis and provide technical reference for reducing machine-transplanting shock and promoting high and stable yield of mechanical transplanted rice.     

NaCl浸种预处理对水稻种子萌发期抗旱性的影响

为探明NaCl预处理缓解水稻耐旱性的效果,分别用0,50,100,150和200 mmol/L的NaCl浸种预处理后,再用100 g/L的PEG–6000模拟干旱胁迫处理,研究了NaCl预处理对水稻种子萌发期抗旱性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了水稻种子萌发和幼苗的生长,50~150mmol/L的NaCl预处理可通过降低水稻种子萌发过程的电导率,保护细胞膜的完整性,从而提高水稻在干旱胁迫下的萌发率,缓解干旱胁迫下幼苗生长受抑制程度。     

福建北部山区中稻浸种催芽技术

介绍了闽北山区水稻生产的现状,种子发芽基本条件,中稻浸种催芽技术及种子催芽过程中常见问题及解决办法。     

稀效唑浸种对晚杂控长促蘖效应研究

采用协优４６，在５０×１０－６～２５０×１０－６浓度范围内，进行了５种浓度的试验。结果表明：各种浓度均有防止晚杂秧苗徒长，提高秧田分蘖的数量和质量，促进移栽后分蘖的早发效应，且能提高产量和抗逆性。晚杂浸种的适宜浓度在１００×１０－６～１５０×１０－６范围。     

浸种水温和时间对杂交籼稻种子吸水的影响

研究浸种对杂交籼稻种子吸水的影响,为杂交籼稻生产浸种催芽提供参考。采用3个杂交籼稻组合的干种子、超干种子,设置10,20和30 3℃个浸种水温及6,12,18和24 h 4个浸种时间进行处理,然后测定计算浸种后的种子水分、吸水率、吸水速率。结果表明,浸种水温和时间与浸种后的种子水分、吸水率、吸水速率密切相关,其中吸水速率与浸种时间呈极显著负相关,水分、吸水率与浸种水温和时间之间呈显著或极显著正相关。3个杂交籼稻组合都是浸种前期即浸种6 h前吸水快,浸种6 h后相同杂交组合的超干种子、干种子的种子水分差异不显著。3个杂交籼稻组合的干种子、超干种子都在水温10℃浸种18~24 h、水温20℃浸种12~18 h、水温30℃浸种6~12 h后种子水分达到25.2%~32.7%,可满足种子发芽对水分的需要。     

煮饭水质结合加水量和浸泡时间对粳稻食味的影响

以津川1号和津原E28为材料,采用自来水和纯净水煮饭,通过米饭感官评价和质地测定,明确水质对其食味的影响,同时研究这种影响是否与煮饭时的加水量和浸泡时间有关。结果表明,随加水量的增加,米饭外观、饭香、味道和综合评价感官得分先增大后减小,米水质量比为1:1.50时上述指标得分最高,食味最好;米水质量比在1:1.25~1.50范围内,用纯净水蒸煮的米饭的味道和粘度感官得分要高于用自来水蒸煮的米饭。随煮饭加水量的增加,米饭的硬度下降、粘度增加,与感官评价结果一致。随大米浸泡时间延长,米饭外观、味道、粘度和综合评价感官得分先增加后减小,浸泡1.0 h,上述指标得分最高,食味最好。浸泡时间延长会降低米饭的饭香。在浸泡时间15.0 h内,与用自来水浸泡后蒸煮相比,用纯净水浸泡后蒸煮的米饭食味感官综合评价更高。综上,对津川1号和津原E28而言,米水质量比为1:1.50,浸泡1.0 h,使用纯净水煮饭可以获得更好的食味。     

氨水浸泡液对罗布麻韧皮生物脱胶的影响

为了探究一种适合于罗布麻韧皮脱胶的方法,分别以0.1％氨水(处理组)和自来水(CK组)为浸泡液,加入LM菌液和罗布麻韧皮,在35℃、150 r/min条件下进行振荡脱胶,从0.5 h开始计时,每隔3h取样一次,测定并比较发酵液和麻纤维的相关指标.结果表明:在脱胶过程中,处理组发酵液的果胶酶、甘露糖酶和木聚糖酶活力最大值...     

PEG浸种对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长及其耐冷性的影响

采用10%~30%PEG溶液浸种24 h的方法进行PEG预处理,研究PEG浸种对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长及其耐冷性的影响。结果表明,10%~20%PEG浸种预处理能提高常温和低温下水稻种子发芽势、发芽指数,增加主根长和侧根数,提高幼苗的叶绿素和脯氨酸含量。表明PEG浸种不但可以促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗长,而且可以增强种子和幼苗的耐冷性。     

咪鲜胺浸种和二次喷药对水稻成苗率及恶苗病发病率的影响研究

通过咪鲜胺浸种与二次喷药对水稻成苗率和恶苗病发病率的影响试验表明:在咪鲜胺浸种时间范围内,随浸种时间的延长,成苗率提高,发病率下降,浸种时间在60 h时成苗率最高,发病率最低;咪鲜胺二次喷药时间及药剂剂量的不同对水稻发病率有显著影响,选择播种时再次喷药,剂量以3 000倍为宜。     

Wet-milling Factors of Sorghum and Relationship to Grain Quality

Relationships of grain sorghum quality factors (proximate composition and physical properties) to laboratory wet-milling attributes (fraction yields, protein content of fractions and recovery values) of 24 grain sorghum commercial hybrids were determined. Initial water absorption rate was positively correlated with both starch and gluten recoveries (r>0·45), thus showing the greatest significance among all quality factors. The need to understand fully protein matrix breakdown relative to obtaining optimum separation of components was indicated. Positive correlations of residual protein in starch with density and percent abraded (r>0·45) were observed. Laboratory wet-milling attributes also were correlated among themselves. The highest positive correlations were observed among yield and recovery of starch and gluten (r>0·6). These four parameters had strong negative correlations with fiber/germ yield (r<−0·6). Principal component factor analysis identified five factors (named as matrix-breakdown effect, solids-leaching effect, protein-dispersion effect, protein content of gluten effect, and washing-solids effect) that explained 91% of the total variation among wet-milling attributes.     

烯效唑浸种对大豆种子萌发及保护性酶系的影响

烯效唑是一种延缓型植物生长调节剂,它能够抑制植物体内赤霉素的生物合成、减慢细胞伸长速度.为探讨烯效唑在大豆上的作用效果,以垦农四号大豆为材料,用发芽盒在人工气候箱中进行了大豆种子萌发试验.结果表明应用25～200 mg·L-1浓度范围的烯效唑浸种可降低大豆发芽势,但对发芽率影响不显著;在种子萌发过程中,随着烯效唑浓度升高,根鲜/干重降低;主/侧根粗增加;根长/体积减小,侧根数减少;在50 mg·L-1浓度范围内,随着烯效唑浓度升高,过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性增强,丙二醛含量降低.试验结果进一步证明了烯效唑能够矮化大豆植株生长,提高保护性酶的活性,增强大豆植株的抵抗逆境的能力.     

复合药剂浸种对裸燕麦种子发芽的影响

为解决干旱胁迫下裸燕麦播种出苗较差的问题,利用生化黄腐酸(BFA)、氯化钙、赤霉素三种药剂的复合配置对裸燕麦种子进行浸种处理,探讨不同复合药剂处理对裸燕麦发芽势、发芽率、物质转换率、种子萌发抗旱指数、种子活力抗旱指数的影响。结果表明,赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)以及氯化钙(1g·L-1)+赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)的复合溶液处理均可有效提高裸燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、物质转换率、种子萌发抗旱指数和种子活力抗旱指数;而氯化钙(1g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)的复合溶液处理对裸燕麦种子发芽率虽有所提高,但降低了发芽势和物质转化率。从综合效果来看,赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)的复合溶液效果最佳。另外,浸种一次与浸种三次对种子萌发的影响差别不大。     

烯效唑浸种对玉米壮苗的形态效应

研究了烯效唑浸种对玉米苗期形态特征的影响.结果表明:烯效唑对叶片和叶鞘的伸长生长有明显的抑制作用,第7叶时抑制效应明显减弱,且抑制效应随浓度的增大而增强.但烯效唑处理的植株粗壮,比叶重、叶宽和茎基宽增加,根数增多,根长显著高于对照,根于重增加,根冠比和苗粗壮度提高,表现出明显的壮苗长相;对根系的促进作用10～40 mg/kg范围内随浓度增大而增强,当浓度达到80 mg/kg时,促进作用显著减弱。