Relationship between lodging,morphological characters and yield of tomato cultivars

Experiments were carried out in the early and late seasons in the rain-forest zone of Nigeria to find out the relationship between lodging, morphological characters and yield of tomato. Lodging was associated with plant height, leaf area, number of branches/plant and fruit yield. Lodging was more severe in the wet early season than in the late season.     

Relationship between bolting-resistance and seed dormancy of different celery cultivars

A correlation between bolting-resistance and seed dormancy was established for 13 celery cultivars. Those cultivars which bolted early in response to a 4-week cold-treatment (7°C) given at the 5-leaf seedling stage had seeds which gave a high germination response to $\text{GA}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>7</mtext>}}$ at 2 × 10^?4M in the dark at 22°C. Conversely, bolting-resistant cultivars showed a low germination response to $\text{GA}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>7</mtext>}}$. A correlation coefficient (r) of 0.969 was calculated from these data, and values of r = 0.947 and r = 0.950 were obtained using data from field trials on celery bolting in 1974 and 1975, respectively.     

6个树莓品种在新疆乌鲁木齐的引种试验

为了丰富新疆的树莓优良品种资源,优化栽培模式,2016-2018年对6个引进树莓品种的果实经济性状、丰产性、物候期、适应性等进行研究。结果表明:'秋福'维拉米特'菲尔都德'植株生长势强,果实风味佳,可作为夏季鲜食品种栽培;'红宝玉'寒莓'果实风味偏酸,但耐贮运,可作为加工品种栽培;'秋福'寒莓'采果期长、丰产性好,可搭配夏果型品种栽培延长采收期;'欧洲红'丰产性差、不耐贮运,不推荐在新疆乌鲁木齐地区栽培。     

Effects of water stress and re watering on ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase activity,chlorophyll and protein contents in two cultivars of tomato

Summary

The effects of water deficit and rewatering on ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase activity, chlorophyll and protein content were evaluated in plants of two cultivars of tomato. During the water deficit period, values of water potential, osmotic potential and relative water content decreased along with associated decreases in RuBPcase activity, protein content and chlorophyll content, being less marked for chlorophyll content. There was a significant correlation of RuBPcase activity and protein content with components of leaf water status from plants under water stress. The associated decrease of RuBPcase, chlorophyll and protein contents with decreased osmotic potential during the development of water deficit was evident. At the time the plants reached a water potential of –1.40 to –1.56 MPa (RI: first level of recovery after water stress), one group of plants was rewatered. The rest were kept under stress until the water potential reached values of –2.30 to –2.51 MPa (RII: second level of recovery after water stress). It was observed that all of the varieties measured at both levels (RI and RII) showed a gradual recovery, reaching or even surpassing the values of control plants.     

6个杧果品种耐寒性的研究

【目的】杧果易受冬季低温寒害,造成产量下降甚至绝收,严重影响杧果产业的发展。通过对杧果不同品种耐寒性的研究,为杧果耐寒品种选育及栽培布局提供理论依据。【方法】以‘贵妃’‘凯特’‘红玉’‘金煌’‘热品6号’和‘台农2号’为试材,测定了低温胁迫下其叶片相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。【结果】低温胁迫下,杧果叶片各指标均高于对照,且品种间存在极显著差异。随着温度下降及时间延长,6个杧果品种REC和MDA含量不断升高,CAT活性先升后降;不同品种SOD和POD活性变化不同,‘凯特’‘红玉’和‘金煌’3者活性先升后降,‘贵妃’和‘台农2号’SOD活性呈2种不同变化,‘热品6号’SOD活性先升后降,‘贵妃’和‘台农2号’POD活性呈降-升-降变化,‘热品6号’呈3种不同变化。【结论】低温胁迫过程中杧果叶片REC、MDA含量升高,SOD、POD和CAT活性先升后降,6个品种的耐寒性由弱到强依次为‘台农2号’(-0.97℃)‘贵妃’(-1.68℃)‘热品6号’(-2.11℃)‘凯特’(-2.32℃)‘金煌’(-4.04℃)‘红玉’(-5.14℃)。     

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of high-lycopene tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars grown in Southern Italy

In this study, the antioxidant components and of six high-lycopene (Lyco 1, Lyco 2, HLY 02, HLY 13, HLY 18 and Kalvert) and one ordinary (Donald) tomato cultivars (cvs) grown simultaneously in an open-field of the Southern Italy were investigated. Lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and total vitamin C (AsA + DHA) contents, as well as hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities (HAA and LAA) were determined. Significant differences were detected among tomato cvs in all studied antioxidant components, as well as in the antioxidant activity of their hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions. High-lycopene tomato cvs showed higher lycopene, β-carotene, HAA and LAA when compared to cv Donald. Cv HLY 18 showed the highest lycopene and β-carotene content with 232.9 mg/kg fresh weight (fw) and 19.4 mg/kg fw, respectively. Except for Kalvert, high-lycopene tomato cvs also obtained higher total vitamin C levels, with cv HLY 13 top ranking with an average of 352.8 mg/kg fw. LAA ranged from 133.5 μM Trolox/100 g fw in cv Donald to 540.1 μM Trolox/100 g fw in cv Lyco 2 and was significantly correlated to lycopene (r = 0.53; p < 0.01) and β-carotene (r = 0.56; p < 0.01) contents. A variation between 2.7- and 4.0-fold was found in LAA of high-lycopene tomato cvs compared to Donald. HAA was significantly correlated to the amount of DHA (r = 0.61; p < 0.01) and total vitamin C (r = 0.60; p < 0.01). Although these data require confirmation over a longer period of time, this investigation suggests a promising use of the high-lycopene tomato cvs for the production of tomatoes with higher nutritional quality.     

棕果番茄gf位点等位基因的分子检测

红果番茄GF基因位点的绿果肉(green-flesh,gf)突变体有gf、gf~2、gf~3、gf~4、gf~5共5种等位基因,因其特殊的果实颜色而受到大众喜爱。笔者调查发现,gf位点突变体具有抗番茄褪绿病毒病的功能,但有些棕果番茄并不是gf位点突变体。从300份候选材料中选取6份棕果番茄材料,并以易感褪绿病毒的番茄红果材料‘T2015-47’为对照,以gf位点特异引物进行检测。试验结果表明,‘T2016-33’不能酶切出109 bp和57 bp的特异条带,为gf基因突变体;‘2012-2’酶切出187 bp和171 bp的特异条带,为gf~2基因突变体;‘T2015-66’和‘T2016-32’酶切出216 bp和18 bp的特异条带,为gf~4基因突变体。建立了利用分子标记快速准确鉴定出棕果番茄是否为gf位点突变体的方法,为选育抗褪绿病毒的棕果番茄品种提供了辅助手段。     

设施葡萄品种连年丰产能力与光合生理特性关系研究

【目的】为研究设施葡萄品种连年丰产能力与光合生理特性的关系,【方法】以20个设施葡萄品种为试材,连续3年调查不同品种的结果系数和大小年结果指数,同时测定其叶片的光合特性和叶绿素指标。【结果】结果表明,(1)‘红旗特早玫瑰’、‘紫珍香’、‘无核白鸡心’、‘无核早红(8611)’、‘红标无核(8612)’、‘87-1’、‘乍娜’、‘莎巴珍珠’、‘香妃和‘红香妃’10个品种的结果系数年际间差异不显著,且大小年结果指数(B<3%)明显低于其他品种(B>5%);(2)光补偿点(LCP)、叶绿素a含量(Chla)和叶绿素总含量(Chl(a+b))与设施葡萄品种的大小年结果指数呈极显著相关;(3)在设施光合有效辐射较低的环境下,连年丰产能力强的葡萄品种的净光合速率(Pn)明显高于连年丰产能力弱的葡萄品种。【结论】(1)‘红旗特早玫瑰’、‘紫珍香’、‘无核白鸡心’、‘无核早红(8611)’、‘红标无核(8612)’、‘87-1’、‘乍娜’、‘莎巴珍珠’、‘香妃和‘红香妃’10个品种具有较强的连年丰产能力;(2)LCP、Chla和Chl(a+b)是检验设施葡萄品种连年丰产能力的直观性指标;(3)设施栽培条件下,耐弱光能力强的葡萄品种其连年丰产能力也强。     

江西省6种宽皮柑橘类黄酮及挥发油成分的研究

【目的】对江西省6种主要宽皮柑橘‘南丰蜜橘’大果系、‘南丰蜜橘’小果系、‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系、‘新余蜜橘’、‘三湖红橘’、‘樟头红’中的类黄酮及挥发油成分进行测定分析,为江西省宽皮柑橘资源的充分利用提供依据。【方法】通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC),以新橙皮苷、橙皮苷、柚皮苷为标准品测定江西省6种宽皮柑橘果皮、果肉中类黄酮成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取6种果皮挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MC)分离鉴定挥发油组分。【结果】6种宽皮柑橘果皮、果肉中类黄酮均只检测到橙皮苷,且果肉中含量均显著低于果皮中橙皮苷含量,果皮中橙皮苷含量顺序为‘南丰蜜橘’大果系‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系‘樟头红’‘南丰蜜橘’小果系‘三湖红橘’‘新余蜜橘’,果肉中橙皮苷含量顺序为‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系‘三湖红橘’‘南丰蜜橘’小果系‘新余蜜橘’‘樟头红’‘南丰蜜橘’大果系;6种宽皮柑橘果皮中挥发油鉴定出主要风味物质的数量依次为‘南丰蜜橘’大果系20种、‘南丰蜜橘’小果系19种、‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系11种、‘新余蜜橘’19种、‘三湖红橘’13种、‘樟头红’13种,且挥发油中均以萜烯烃类化合物为主要风味物质,除‘南丰蜜橘’大果系以萜品烯含量最多,为38.258%,其余均以D-柠檬烯含量最多,超过80%。【结论】江西省宽皮柑橘中主要类黄酮为橙皮苷,不同品种、部位的橙皮苷含量及果皮中挥发油成分存在显著差异。     

6个草莓品种高温半致死温度与耐热性评价

为了鉴定草莓品种的耐热性,以‘红颜’‘宁玉’‘宁丰’‘丰香’‘章姬’‘甜查理’6个草莓品种的叶片为试验材料,分别用30、35、40、45、50、55、60℃进行高温处理,根据相对电导率配合Logistic方程,求得半致死温度(LT50)。结果表明,6个草莓品种的高温半致死温度分别为45.32℃(‘章姬’)、45.92℃(‘红颜’)、46.03℃(‘宁玉’)、46.20℃(‘丰香’)、47.21℃(‘宁丰’)、48.05℃(‘甜查理’),且与田间热害指数和死亡率均呈显著负相关。     

Relationship between activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and invasion,metastasis of breast cancer

AIM: To investigate relationship between activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2, 72 kD) and invasion, metastasis of breast cancer. METHODS: Useing zymography and computer software assisted analysis, the activitive levels of MMP-2 (72 kD) in tissues from breast cancer were measeured. RESULTS: Mean activitive levels of MMP-2 72 kD (13.93±3.60) in breast cancer were lower than those in benign disease (21.43±8.31), P<0.05. There was no difference (P>0.05) in MMP-2 62 kD+72 kD of benign and malignant disease, but MMP-2 62 kD (13.83±4.53) and MMP-2 62 kD/62 kD+72 kD(0.48) respectively were significantly higher in malignant disease (P<0.01). It was also found that MMP-2 62 kD/62 kD+72 kD were apparently higher in invasive carcinomas (0.48) and lymph node metastases (0.61), P<0.01, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that a clear relationship between MMP-2 activity and the invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma.     

干旱胁迫对杏脂氧合酶活性的影响

为了研究脂氧合酶(LOX)在植物干旱反应中的作用,以抗旱的山杏和抗旱性弱的龙王帽实生苗为试材,观察了自然干旱过程中叶片的生长状况以及测定了土壤含水量、新叶生长率、叶片脱落率、根和叶片的LOX活性。结果表明,在自然干旱过程中随着土壤含水量的降低,山杏和龙王帽的新叶增长率也下降。干旱后期山杏比龙王帽的新叶增长速率下降快、生长停止早。干旱使山杏比龙王帽叶片早脱落,而且落叶比率明显高于龙王帽。自然干旱时杏的LOX活性表现为叶片升高,在根中变化不大。而且山杏叶片的LOX活性增加幅度比龙王帽大,峰值出现比龙王帽早。因此,干旱条件下抗旱的山杏叶片脂氧合酶活性比龙王帽提早增加而且叶片易早脱落。山杏叶片LOX活性急剧升高出现在叶片萎蔫衰老之前,推测LOX活性增强可能与引发衰老有关。     

The susceptibility of modern tomato cultivars to blossom- end rot in relation to salinity

Three cultivars, Counter, Calypso and Spectra, were grown in NFT at a range of salinities (electrical conductivities of 5,10 and 15 mS cm^-1) in two successive crops during the year. The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) in ‘Calypso’ and ‘Spectra’ was substantially higher than in ‘Counter’ at all salinities. In the early crop, ‘Calypso’ had the highest incidence of BER at 10 mS cm^-1, of which the proportion of international BER was greater than in ‘Spectra’. In the late crop, ‘Spectra’ had a higher incidence of BER than ‘Calypso,’ and a higher proportion of external BER. In the early crop, the incidence of BER in both cultivars grown at 10 mS cm"1 was higher than those at 15 mS cm^-1, mainly due to an exceptionally high incidence of internal BER. In the late crop, however, the reverse was true. ‘Counter’, which is not susceptible to BER, had a higher shoot dry weight than the two BER susceptible cultivars. Nevertheless, ‘Calypso’ and ‘Spectra’ set more fruit in the lower and upper trusses respectively. A high incidence of BER was related to a high number of fruit set in the susceptible cultivars. Both the Ca content and the daily rate of Ca accumulation in the fruit were reduced by salinity, but no differences between cultivars were observed. The distal placenta and locular tissues had the lowest Ca content in the whole fruit and appeared to be the site of the earliest symptoms of BER. The interaction between cultivar and salinity affecting the Ca content of these tissues was not significant. The causes of susceptibility to BER in tomato are discussed.     

Sexual compatibility within and between olive cultivars

Summary

Self- and cross-incompatibility of the olive cultivars Frantoio, Manzanillo, Kalamata, Pendolino, and Picual were investigated using a 5 × 5 diallel matrix. Pistils were collected seven days after controlled pollinations on the day of flower opening, and pollen tubes were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Diallel analysis showed significant specific combining ability, general combining ability and reciprocal effects between cultivars for pollen tube growth in the pistil. ‘Frantoio’ was cross-compatible, as either a male or female parent, with each of the other cultivars, but showed a high degree of self-incompatibility. ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Kalamata’, ‘Pendolino’, and ‘Picual’ were crossincompatible, and all except for ‘Manzanillo’, were self-incompatible. It is concluded that ‘Frantoio’ is a good general polleniser for the other cultivars investigated. Pollen tube growth decreased in discrete steps from stigma to upper style, and from upper style to lower style, with the result that only one, and rarely more, pollen tube penetrated ovules. The sex ratio of flowers, and pollen viability using fluroescein diacetate staining and in vitro germination, were examined. ‘Frantoio’, ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ had more than 80% perfect flowers, while ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ had less than 30%. ‘Frantoio’ had the highest pollen viability, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ were intermediate, and ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ the lowest. Pollen staining and both in vitro and in vivo germination provided the same male fertility rankings of cultivars.     

短时间高温处理下桃芽酚类物质及相关酶活性与休眠解除的关系

以6年生曙光油桃、青州冬雪蜜桃为试材,研究40℃、45℃、50℃短时间处理对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应。结果表明:短时间高温处理对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应因处理时期、处理温度和处理持续时间长短的不同而异。11月30日短时间高温处理中,40℃高温处理对桃芽自然休眠的解除具有负调控效应,并且调控效应随处理时间的延长而增强;45℃和50℃高温处理对桃芽自然休眠的解除呈正调控效应,调控效应随处理时间的延长而增强,虽然随着处理温度的升高和处理持续时间的延长,部分桃芽死亡,但是在存活芽中短时间高温对桃芽休眠解除作用明显增强。12月10日高温处理中,40℃高温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除的调控效应不明显,45℃和50℃高温处理和11月30日高温处理相同,只是前者的调控效果优于后者。不同高温处理桃芽的萌芽级数和总酚含量之间的相关性分析表明,总酚含量的降低可能是高温解除休眠的原因。     

Interactions between floral morphology,position in cluster and 2,4-D treatments in three eggplant cultivars

The effects of treatments with 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic-acid (2,4-D), 2.5 mg l^?1, on the 4 different flower types in 3 eggplant cultivars with different flowering patterns were investigated. Varietal responses in fruit set were recorded, but fruit weight was increased considerably in all cultivars treated. Stylar heteromorphism affected fruit set more than did the position of the flower in the cluster. Changes in seed development, induced by environmental factors or by the 2,4-D treatments, were recorded and their relations to fruit development evaluated.     

Relationship between the oil and sugar content in olive oil fruits from Moraiolo and Leccino cultivars during ripening

In our previous work (Cherubini et al., 2009), sugar concentration was proposed as an accurate, reproducible index for technological ripening of olive oil fruits. During 2009 crop season, sugar and oil content of olive oil fruits from Moraiolo and Leccino cultivars were measured during ripening. The sugar content of olive oil fruits was determined both by titration and by using a portable refractometer.     

Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of six apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh) grown in southern Brazil

The objective of this study was to compare the physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of six apple cultivars grown in southern Brazil. Apple peel color, dry matter, total soluble solids, pH, total sugars, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total monomeric anthocyanin and total antioxidant activity were measured in the apple cultivars Imperatriz, Daiane, Fred Hough, Fuji Suprema, Galaxy and Baronesa. The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of the apple cultivars. Of all the cultivars, the peel of Galaxy was slightly more red-colored and that of Fred Hough was the least red-colored. The dry matter varied from 15.24% (Galaxy) to 19.55% (Fuji Suprema), the soluble solids content was between 11.8 (Fred Hough) and 14.0 (Daiane) °Brix, pH values varied from 3.90 (Imperatriz) to 4.27 (Fred Hough), the total sugar content (g 100 g⁻¹) ranged from 11.54 (Imperatriz) to 14.78 (Fuji Suprema) and the titratable acidity content (g 100 g⁻¹) varied from 0.20 (Baronesa) to 0.36 (Imperatriz). The total phenolic content (GAE 100 g⁻¹ fresh matter) observed in the apple cultivars was between 105.4 (Baronesa) and 269.7 mg (Imperatriz). The values of the total anthocyanin content (mg 100 g⁻¹ FM) ranged from 4.79 (Fred Hough) to 41.96 (Galaxy). The highest total antioxidant activity was observed in Imperatriz (739 μmol TEAC 100 g⁻¹ FM), while the lowest value was found in Fuji Suprema (335 μmol TEAC 100 g⁻¹ FM). There was a strong correlation between total monomeric anthocyanin content and all peel color measurements and between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The results suggested that genotype is the main factor that determines the composition of bioactive compounds in apples and this provides important information on how to make the best use of the apple cultivars investigated.     

柑橘6个地方品种资源四倍体高效发掘及分子鉴定

[目的]基于柑橘多胚种子存在珠心细胞自然加倍的特点,发掘我国柑橘6个地方特色品种资源四倍体新种质.[方法]采摘柑橘成熟果实,剥取种子后催芽播种;待实生幼苗长至2～3片真叶大小时,采用"观根辨叶看油胞"形态初选法从实生幼苗群体筛选疑似多倍体;采用流式细胞仪鉴定疑似多倍体倍性并以SSR分子标记鉴定其遗传来源.[结果]基于幼...