新疆农业保险影响因素的实证分析

农业保险作为一种风险分散机制,对推动农业可持续发展具有重要意义.农业保险的推广对新疆经济的稳定和发展发挥着重要作用.为此,通过运用专门的计量经济学软件Eviews3.1建立对数形式的线性回归模型,对影响新疆农业保险发展的因素进行了实证分析.同时,从新疆农业保险的现状入手,探讨了新疆农业保险目前仍然存在的主要问题,从农民的收入水平、成灾状况以及经营风险等方面分析了阻碍农业保险发展的诸多因素,为新疆农业保险的可持续发展提供对策建议.     

中华联合财产保险股份有限公司简介

根植新疆 农险起步 1986年7月15日新疆生产建设兵团成立了新疆生产建设兵团农牧业生产保险公司（中华联合财产保险股份有限公司前身）．专营农业保险。通过20年的积极探索,形成了具有中华保险特色的农业保险模式,农险业务以年均7％的增长速度持续发展,市场份额居全国首位。     

江苏制定农机保险条款应注意的几个问题

农业保险是农业支持保护体系的重要环节,农机保险是农业保险的重要内容。根据农业机械的安全技术性能、工作环境和使用风险,制定符合农机化特点的农机保险条款,是推进农机保险持续健康发展的关键措施。现结合工作实际和调查研究,就制定农机保险条款谈几点意见。     

普格县三大粮食作物政策性农业保险助推乡村振兴

2022年,普格县初次在全县13个乡（镇）试点推广三大粮食作物（水稻、玉米、小麦,下同）政策性农业保险,通过对普格县三大粮食作物政策性农业保险实施情况进行调查,对普格县三大粮食作物政策性农业保险实施取得的成效、经验做法、存在问题等方面进行了分析总结,探索出一条适合普格县三大粮食作物政策性农业保险的发展路子,确保普格县粮食安全,推动普格县全面实施乡村振兴。     

中国农业保险政府介入模式研究

作为农业大国,我国农业保险的发展显然滞后。发展农业保险,经营模式选择是必须要解决的问题。政府对于农业保险的介入是国内外公认的发展农业保险的必要条件。本文在对国内外现有的农业保险的政府介入模式总结、分析的基础上,提出了适合我国未来发展的政府介入农业保险模式,并对模式的适用性进行了分析论述。     

新疆农作物秸秆综合利用有对策

<正>为加快开发利用秸秆资源,减少环境污染,发展农业循环经济,增加农民收入,在调查研究的基础上,现就新疆农作物秸秆综合利用现状和搞好此项工作的对策作一扼要阐述。一、新疆农作物秸秆基本情况新疆地域辽阔,又是农业大省,秸秆资源比较丰富。目前新疆农作物播种面积约7000万亩,粮食作物以小麦、玉米为主,经济作物以棉花、瓜菜为主,各种农作物秸秆产量达到2900万吨,秸秆资源主要以粮棉秸秆为主。     

观点·声音

<正>张桃林:推动农业保险更好为农惠农近日,农业部副部长张桃林赴湖南省专题调研农业保险工作时强调,要加快完善农业保险制度设计,健全管理运行机制,充分发挥农业产业部门作用和优势,加强农业产业政策与财税政策、金融保险政策协同配合,以持续稳健的农业保险助力现代农业发展。近年来我国农业保险快速发展,对稳定农业生产和增加农     

区块链赋能农业保险应用研究

农业保险作为稳定农业生产、保障农民收入的重要工具,在助力乡村振兴战略中占有十分重要的位置,但传统的农业保险存在成本高昂、产品种类单一、逆向选择等问题,“区块链+保险”可从根本上解决农业保险存在的问题,是农业保险未来的发展方向。基于此,笔者分析了农业保险的发展现状,阐述了区块链的特征、“区块链+保险”发展方向的优势以及存在的问题。研究结果表明,利用区块链技术的去中心化、智能合约等特征,将区块链技术应用到农业保险中,能够提高农业保险科学性,减少农业保险中虚假投保、虚假理赔、套取财政补贴等现象,提高农业保险合同的有效性,降低农业保险成本,增加农民收入,助推农业农村现代化。     

政策·数学

国务院： 加快发展现代保险服务业 日前,国务院印发了《关于加快发展现代保险服务业的若干意见》。《意见》提出,到2020年,基本建成与我国经济社会发展需求相适应的现代保险服务业。在涉农方面,《意见》提出,要大力发展“三秘”保险,创新支农惠农方式。鼓励农民和各类新型农业经营主体自愿参保,扩大农业保险覆盖面,提高农业保险保障程度。健全农业保险服务体系,鼓励开展多种形式的互助合作保险。健全保险经营机构与灾害预报部门、农业主管部门的合作机制。各地根据自身实际．支持保险机构提供保障适度、保费低廉、保单通俗的“三农”保险产品。积极发展农村小额信贷保险、农房保险、农机保险、农业基础设施保险、森林保险等。落实农业保险税收优惠政策。完善对农业保险的财政补贴政策。     

政策性农业保险问题与对策

农业保险是缓解农业经营风险的重要途径,政策性农业保险是实施农业支持政策的基本策略。在分析我国政策性农业保险现状的基础上,分析了现行农业保险政策存在的问题及其原因,探讨了农业保险政策的发展对策,提出要细化农业保险补贴标准,实现精准补贴;简化投保程序,加强农业信息技术创新,实现农业保险与“互联网+”的有机结合;加大农业保险宣传力度,实现农业保险全覆盖;建立健全农业保险承保机制和监督机制等。      

饮料中柠檬黄含量测定的不确定度分析

对饮料中的柠檬黄含量进行了测定和不确定度分析,通过对各影响因素的不确定度评定,试验重复性对饮料中合成着色剂的测量结果不确定度的影响最大,其次是样品处理回收率和标准曲线拟合引入的不确定度对试验结果也有较大的影响。结果表明:饮料中柠檬黄的含量为（103.5?3.5）mgkg,k＝2。      

Role of farmers' attitudes in adoption of irrigation in Saskatchewan

Adoption of a new technology, such as irrigation, is a complex phenomenon. Several factors of economic and social nature contribute to the farm-level decisions affecting adoption. In this study, the role played by attitudes of potential adopters towards irrigation and its subsequent adoption on their farm unit was estimated. Two models were estimated, one incorporating only adopters' socio-economic characteristics, and the other, only their attitudes towards irrigation. Results suggest that adopters' attitude, particularly with respect to economic and environmental effects of irrigation, were significant determinants of their decision to proceed with adoption of irrigation, and have a role to play in adoption of irrigation over and above that explained by socio-economic characteristics. In particular, these results suggest that negative perceptions with respect to economics of irrigation and those related to its detrimental impacts on environmental quality, particularly through soil salinity, may be significant deterrents for adoption of irrigation. The study suggests that planning of large scale water development projects, particularly those involving irrigation, must be cognizant of attitudes of potential adopters. Furthermore, during the planning stages, more attention should be paid to the development of proper educational programs, as well as extension packages, to ensure that potential adopters formulate correct attitudes towards the new technology.     

技工院校数学教学中培养学生应用能力的对策分析

数学作为一门基础性学科，在学生的各个学习阶段都起到了不可替代的作用，在工科院校中数学教学的重要性更是升到了一个新的高度。通过数学的学习，可以培养学生的应用能力和探究思维，通过对数学知识的学习和灵活运用，学生的综合能力会得到系统性的提高。对于数学的教学工作，应当做到有针对性、有目标，在教学工作中，充分做到对症下药、有的放矢，让学生通过对数学的学习，提高自身的综合能力，更好地为社会建设贡献力量。     

沼气在冬季温室生产中的应用

本试验通过沼气燃烧,提高冬季温室温度,促进西红柿生长发育.试验结果表明:增温可有效提高冬季温室温度,为西红柿越冬生产提供良好条件,有利于西红柿植株茎粗增加及果实膨大速率提高;可使西红柿坐果期提前10天左右,采收期延长20天左右,并提早上市.同时,增温可显著提高西红柿产量,亩增产800kg.     

四川简阳地区砂岩层中水分利用研究

分析了四川简阳地区砂岩和土壤中的水分运动特性和砂岩中储存的水分对土壤水分补给量的多少。对当地的砂岩和土壤进行了水分特征曲线的测定试验、入渗试验和蒸发试验,并采用研究中常用模型对试验结果进行了拟合,通过对拟合结果的分析,得出了当地土壤和砂岩的水分特性,总结出了该地区表面土层在缺水时水分很容易被下部砂岩层补给,砂岩中的水分是作物利用的重要水资源的结论。这对于充分利用当地水资源,合理确定类似地质条件地区灌溉定额,解决无灌溉条件丘陵区作物缺水问题,实现农业节水灌溉有一定的参考价值。     

Advances in application of climate prediction in agriculture

Agricultural ecosystems and their associated business and government systems are diverse and varied. They range from farms, to input supply businesses, to marketing and government policy systems, among others. These systems are dynamic and responsive to fluctuations in climate. Skill in climate prediction offers considerable opportunities to managers via its potential to realise system improvements (i.e. increased food production and profit and/or reduced risks). Realising these opportunities, however, is not straightforward as the forecasting skill is imperfect and approaches to applying the existing skill to management issues have not been developed and tested extensively. While there has been much written about impacts of climate variability, there has been relatively little done in relation to applying knowledge of climate predictions to modify actions ahead of likely impacts. However, a considerable body of effort in various parts of the world is now being focused on this issue of applying climate predictions to improve agricultural systems.

In this paper, we outline the basis for climate prediction, with emphasis on the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and catalogue experiences at field, national and global scales in applying climate predictions to agriculture. These diverse experiences are synthesised to derive general lessons about approaches to applying climate prediction in agriculture. The case studies have been selected to represent a diversity of agricultural systems and scales of operation. They also represent the on-going activities of some of the key research and development groups in this field around the world. The case studies include applications at field/farm scale to dryland cropping systems in Australia, Zimbabwe, and Argentina. This spectrum covers resource-rich and resource-poor farming with motivations ranging from profit to food security. At national and global scale we consider possible applications of climate prediction in commodity forecasting (wheat in Australia) and examine implications on global wheat trade and price associated with global consequences of climate prediction.

In cataloguing these experiences we note some general lessons. Foremost is the value of an interdisciplinary systems approach in connecting disciplinary knowledge in a manner most suited to decision-makers. This approach often includes scenario analysis based on simulation with credible models as a key aspect of the learning process. Interaction among researchers, analysts and decision-makers is vital in the development of effective applications — all of the players learn. Issues associated with balance between information demand and supply as well as appreciation of awareness limitations of decision-makers, analysts, and scientists are highlighted. It is argued that understanding and communicating decision risks is one of the keys to successful applications of climate prediction.

We consider that advances of the future will be made by better connecting agricultural scientists and practitioners with the science of climate prediction. Professions involved in decision making must take a proactive role in the development of climate forecasts if the design and use of climate predictions are to reach their full potential.     

Fate and transport of atrazine in a sandy soil in the presence of antibiotics in poultry manures

Pesticides degrade principally through biodegradation processes, whereas antibiotics kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth in soils and thus may affect the fate of pesticides. In this study, the impact of antibiotics on the degradation of atrazine in a sandy soil is investigated in lysimeters over a ninety-day period. Four treatments, monensin, narasin, salinomycin and non-antibiotic, were assigned in triplicate to twelve PVC lysimeters. Both soil and leachate samples were collected and analyzed at predetermined time intervals. In all treatments, atrazine was found to leach down through the soil profiles with the concentration level decreasing with depth, and only trace amounts of atrazine were found in the leachate. However, the statistical analysis of the results showed that all the three antibiotic treatments yielded a significantly slower dissipation of the atrazine level as compared to the non-antibiotic treatment; the mass balance analysis indicated an increased half-life of atrazine in the presence of antibiotics.     

北京典型灌区土壤和农产品多氯联苯污染风险评估

为明确北京东南郊灌区表层土壤和农作物多氯联苯(PCBs)含量和污染水平以及人体健康风险,2015年在该灌区采集了20个土壤样品和28个作物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了样品中7大类PCBs含量。研究结果表明,灌区表层土壤PCBs质量比为ND(低于检出限)到0.711 776μg/kg,均值为0.43μg/kg,总体上土壤PCBs含量随污灌历史年限增加而增加。本研究区表层土壤PCBs含量处于较低水平,土壤未受到PCBs污染且其生态风险概率均小于10%。灌区采集的冬小麦籽粒、大葱、茄子、梨、白薯、芥蓝PCBs含量均低于实验检出限,未检出;夏玉米籽粒、菜心和油菜PCBs总量分别为0.17~0.47μg/kg、1.63μg/kg和5.91μg/kg。不同污灌历史年限并未显著影响夏玉米籽粒PCBs含量。本研究区农产品PCBs含量处于较低水平,均低于美国卫生及公共服务部建议限量。采集的土壤和农产品样品仅四氯联苯含量高于实验检出限,能检测出;一氯联苯到三氯联苯和五氯联苯到七氯联苯均低于实验检出限,未检出。本研究中成人和儿童PCBs致癌风险分别为8.49×10-7和4.66×10-7,非致癌风险分别为1.41×10-1和3.88×10-1,均低于US EPA规定限值,说明PCBs未对人群产生明显的健康危害。致癌危害和非致癌危害均以口-作物(玉米和蔬菜)为主,其对人体健康所造成的风险占总个人年风险的比例分别为99.79%~99.95%和99.81%~99.94%。