金属板料成形过程的数值分析

采用刚塑性大变形有限元法成功地模拟了圆板半球凸模胀形的成形过程，分析了材料参数即应变硬化指数，应变速率敏感指数，厚向异性系数和摩擦条件艰胀形件厚度分布的影响。将含有变形损伤效应的本构方程应用于有限元模拟程序，对叠加静水压力对材料内部孔洞长大过程的影响进行了数值分析。模拟结果与实验结果吻合，从而为应用有限元法指导板料成表的工艺设计提供了依据。     

板材变路径多点成形的理论分析与实现

对板材多点成形路径进行了有限元分析并应用于几种典型件的最优成形路径设计，将最优成形路径设计的理论与方法应用于多点成形技术中，采用近似最优路径－多道次多点成形及一次多点成形方法进行板材成形，通过比较两种成形方法成形极限时的变形量，即可检验近似最优路径多点成形的效果。     

基于水冷却的不锈钢板料激光热应力成形试验

通过改变激光束能量、光斑直径、扫描速度、扫描次数以及板材厚度对AISI304不锈钢板料进行弯曲试验，分析了在水冷却条件下各工艺参数对弯曲变形的影响，探讨了基于水冷却的板料热应力成形规律，并通过正交试验对相关工艺参数进行了优化。试验结果表明：0．6mm厚度的不锈钢板在线能量密度小于80J／mm时，工件不产生变形；在150～180J／mm范围内，热应力成形的效果最佳；扫描次数、光斑直径以及板材厚度对弯曲变形的影响较大。同时对水冷却条件下工件表面烧蚀及成形稳定性进行评估，提出了基于水冷却的板料激光热应力成形的新工艺，为精确控制板料激光热应力成形提供了试验基础。     

三维曲面卷板柔性辊设计与成形工艺分

通过分析基于连续多点调形方法的三维曲面卷板成形原理,对卷板成形装置关键件柔性辊的不同布置和驱动方式进行了研究.确立了三辊布置双端驱动的方式,设计了三维曲面卷板成形装置.对卷板成形工艺进行分析,探讨了不同的成形工艺过程.结果表明:一步成形,在小变形量的情况下适用,当上辊的下压量超出一定值时,无法成形;分步成形法,以小的下压量逐渐诱导板材变形,可以消除板材边缘皱褶,减小回弹,有利于板材成形.     

圣女果常温贮藏过程中压缩特性试验

运用万能试验机对常温贮藏下的圣女果进行压缩特性试验,研究了不同压头、不同压缩速度下的压缩曲线,同时对破坏极限Frax屈服极限Fs、刚度K、变形能Us、破坏能Ub等压缩特性指标的变化规律进行了分析.结果表明:不同压头和不同加载速度对屈服极限Fs、破坏极限Fmax与变形量的大小都有影响;刚度K和屈服极限Fs随贮藏时间的延长逐渐下降,变形能Us逐渐上升,而破裂极限Fmax和破坏能Ub的变化比较复杂.研究结果对圣女果贮藏、运输等都具有实际意义.     

变压边力对拼焊板焊缝移动和成形性能的影响

焊缝两侧材料变形不均匀和由此引起的焊缝移动是拼焊板成形过程中需要解决的难题。应用动力显式数值模拟软件，研究了线性渐增和渐减变压边力下拼焊板盒形件的成形过程。建立了线性变压边力终止值随初始值变化的关系曲线，该曲线被拟合为二阶多项式曲线。模拟结果表明，线性渐增变压边力允许更多厚侧材料流入凹模，从而减少焊缝移动量；线性渐减变压边力较定常压边力显著增加了厚侧材料的变形程度，提高了焊缝两侧材料变形的均匀性。     

液压胀形汽车桥壳成形理论及其试验研究

提出应力屈服条件的应变屈服轨迹，给出了复合胀形极限成形系数的解法，提出了复合液压胀形力参量的匹配思想，确定了汽车桥壳液压胀形力参量的匹配原则，对0.75t轻型车液压胀形桥壳进行了试验研究。研究成果解决了液压胀形汽车桥壳成形的关键技术问题。     

聚碳酸酯板材多点热成形数值模拟与成形精度分析

提出了用于热塑性聚合物板材的柔性成形技术——多点热成形技术。根据高温单向拉伸试验数据确定了不同温度下聚碳酸酯(PC)板材的超弹性材料模型参数。运用有限元软件Abaqus对不同温度和不同成形压力下的PC板材多点热成形过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明:当成形温度与成形压力分别为160℃和10 kPa时,成形件平均形状误差最小。参照数值模拟结果进行了PC板材的多点热成形试验,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。测量并分析了成形件的成形精度,结果表明:成形件具有较高的成形精度,可以满足工程应用需要。     

板材二维曲面多点成形的实验研究

在对板材进行多点整体成形和多点分段成形实验研究的基础上，探讨了整体成形与分段成形时板材的变形特点和成形规律，并对二者的区别和联系进行了分析。证明了多点分段成形中以小设备成形大型件的可行性。     

河套蜜瓜机械特性及其与硬度和糖度关系的试验

通过对不同硬度完整形态的河套蜜瓜准静态机械特性参数和相对应样品折光糖度的测定和分析,建立了机械特性参数与折光糖度关系的回归方程,并通过偏回归系数标准化,反映出机械特性参数与糖度指标关联的重要程度的次序为:杨氏模量＞变形能＞破坏能＞破坏极限＞屈服极限.经检验,所建立的回归方程有意义并且显著,因此可通过机械特性参数对河套蜜瓜果实的糖度指标变化情况进行预测.试验结果表明,随果实硬度降低,其屈服极限和变形能明显减小.完整果实受压初期,随应变增加而应力下降;应力下降达到最低点以后,硬度越大,应力-应变曲线斜率越小,曲线越平坦.较低硬度的果实受压时较早进入屈服状态,果实内部微观组织易损伤.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。