共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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为了有效提高对水稻气象型病害的防控能力,并提出有针对性的生产管理措施和建议,本文基于构建的综合稻曲病指数及相应划分的气象适宜度等级,利用历史气象资料、水稻生育期资料以及两套精细化预报产品,针对2015年和2017年稻曲病典型发生年份,结合病害监测时段中易于病菌入侵和流行的气象条件,选择病害起报时间,分别给出了基于欧洲中期天气预报中心细网格预报产品和江苏省气象局精细化预报产品的稻曲病流行气象适宜度等级预测结果。通过稻曲病大田调查资料的检验,发现提前7d给出稻曲病发生气象适宜度等级的预测结果与全省实际稻曲病发病趋势和程度基本相符,实现了对水稻稻曲病监测和预警的及时性、连续性和动态性。 相似文献
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据前人报道,稻曲病粒上附有大量厚垣孢子但不能作为初侵染源,并证明该病既不是种子引起的病害,也不是种子侵染而发生的病害,认为目前推广种子处理缺乏科学根据。本研究结果表明:从种子带菌量、越冬厚垣孢子萌发力、人工接种、直接播种试验,初步认为病穗种子是可以传病的,种子消毒仍有必要。 相似文献
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稻曲病发生规律及防治研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
锦县居北纬41°14'~42°40',东径120°41'~121°49',环绕锦州,濒临渤海,属海洋性湿润气候,以碳酸盐草甸土类为主。 相似文献
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稻曲病研究进展及防治建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻曲病研究进展及防治建议李家荣(云南省植保站昆明650034)稻曲病Ustilaginodeavriens(cooke)Tak发生、分布广,亚、非、欧、美洲均有发生,印度、中国、日本较重。我国近年来随着耕作制度变化,杂交稻推广,生产条件改善,水平提高... 相似文献
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甜菜夜蛾是严重影响蔬菜产量和品质的害虫,其发生发展与气象条件关系十分密切。为探索气象条件与甜菜夜蛾发生程度的关系,开展甜菜夜蛾发生程度气象等级预报服务,选取2009—2010年湖北省甜菜夜蛾虫情资料和对应台站的气象资料,对甜菜夜蛾发生程度等级与各项气象因子做相关分析,在此基础上,筛选出模型因子,采用多元线性回归分析方法,构建了湖北省甜菜夜蛾发生程度气象等级预报模型,并对模型验证。结果表明:历史回代检验旬检验结果达基本一致以上的为76%;独立样本预测检验旬值达基本一致以上的为63%,模型总体预报结果较好,可为湖北省开展甜菜夜蛾气象等级预报业务提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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水稻稻曲病又名青粉病 ,俗名“丰收果” ,是水稻上发生较为普遍的一种病害。近年来 ,随着杂交水稻的推广 ,栽培制度的变革 ,水稻稻曲病在城口县逐年由次要病害上升为主要病害 ,危害程度也逐年加重 ,已严重影响着城口县水稻的产理和质量。据1995至2000年调查 ,田间病穗率一般达0%~47% ,平均达25.8% ,单穗病粒率达0%~68% ,平均4.1% ,最高单穗病粒数达68粒 ,产量损失严重。为了掌握稻曲病在城口县的发生危害情况 ,控制稻曲病的危害 ,提高水稻品质 ,减少产量损失。受县政府委托于1995年开始对稻曲病的致病因素及防… 相似文献
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水稻稻曲病室内人工接种技术 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
为提高稻曲病人工接种的发病效果和稳定性,在温棚条件下采用水稻孕穗期注射接种法分别研究了稻曲病菌不同接种体、培养时间、接种浓度和接种时期的接种效果。采用病菌马铃薯蔗糖液体培养基(potato sucrose broth,PSB)作为接种体,其穗发病率为100%,明显好于病菌米糠培养液(23.33%)。病菌在PSB中培养5~7天接种效果较好,随病菌培养天数的延长,接种效果明显下降。接种的分生孢子浓度越低水稻病穗率和病粒数也越低。在水稻品种两优培九孕穗中后期,采用含分生孢子浓度为4×106个/mL的病菌PSB培养液注射接种,穗发病率达100%,平均病粒数35.1粒,最高达87粒。研究表明,温棚条件下建立的稻曲病人工接种技术能获得稳定的发病效果,并可区别水稻品种间的抗性差异。 相似文献
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稻曲病菌成灾机制与防控技术研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
过去数十年来我国稻曲病的发生一直呈不断加重趋势,并逐渐由一个水稻次要病害发展成为一个水稻主要病害。最近不断强化的针对稻曲病成灾机制和防控技术的研究有了新发现和新观点。稻曲病菌主要侵染水稻花期的花丝等细胞壁相对疏松的组织,细胞外扩展。我国长江中下游地区稻曲病的加重与稻曲病菌菌核生成密切相关,菌核在其生活史中发挥了重要作用,可能是其主要的初侵染源。目前水稻孕穗初期使用杀菌剂是最为有效的稻曲病防控措施。未来对其生活史深入持续的研究是稻曲病发生流行中长期预测预警的重要前提。 相似文献
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Manas Kumar Bag Anuprita Ray Prahlad Masurkar B. N. Devanna C. Parameswaran Mathew Baite Prakash Chandra Rath Amaresh Nayak 《Plant pathology》2021,70(5):1085-1097
Genetic diversity assessment and population structure analysis are essential for characterization of pathogens and their isolates. Markers are essential tools for exploring genetic variation among the isolates. False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, formerly Villosiclava virens, is a major emerging disease of rice in India. A high level of variability is observed at the field level, but no information is available from India on genetic diversity and population structure. This is the first report of genetic diversity and population structure of U. virens from India that included 63 isolates distributed across the vast geographical area of eastern and north-eastern India (18.9 to 26.7°N and 82.6 to 94.2°E). Seventeen RAPDs and 14 SSRs were identified as polymorphic and a total of 140 alleles were detected across the populations. The average number of alleles per locus for each primer was 4.5. All the isolates were grouped into two major clusters, with partial geographical segregation that was supported by principal coordinate analysis. Mantel test suggested genetic distance within the isolates increased with increasing geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variation showed more genetic variation within populations and less among populations. This outcome will help in understanding genetic diversity of U. virens from eastern and north-eastern India and in planning effective management strategies. 相似文献
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J. Fan X.‐Y. Guo F. Huang Y. Li Y.‐F. Liu L. Li Y.‐J. Xu J.‐Q. Zhao H. Xiong J.‐J. Yu W. Wang 《Plant pathology》2014,63(4):937-945
Ustilaginoidea virens (Uv), the causative agent of rice false smut disease, infects developing rice spikelets at the booting stage, and transforms individual grains of the panicle into smut balls. Epidemics of the disease occur when the rice booting and heading stages coincide with rainy days. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled Uv isolate that can form false smut balls on rice panicles, it was found that under high humidity and free water conditions the Uv isolate could colonize leaves of plants belonging to various families including the Poaceae (Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Leptochloa chinensis), the Brassicaceae (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the Solanaceae (Nicotiana benthamiana) without symptoms. Over several days, some conidia could germinate on the leaves of these plants and in water on the surface of Parafilm and cellophane, form hyphae and differentiate conidiophores to generate a large number of secondary conidia, while other conidia were able to directly produce secondary conidia. Conversely, in the absence of water some conidia could either bud to form new conidia or were converted into chlamydospores. These data indicate that Uv is one of a few fungal pathogens reported to have epiphytic characteristics. The rapid generation of a large number of spores on biotic and abiotic surfaces greatly increases the inoculum that can infect rice spikelets, resulting in the occurrence of rice false smut disease epidemics. These findings are important in the development of disease control strategies. 相似文献