OIE高健康高性能马匹框架概述

世界动物卫生组织(OIE)为解决赛马跨境移动过程中各国检疫标准不一的问题,促进国际马术赛事的赛马临时进口便利化,提出了高健康高性能(HHP)马匹的新概念。本文从HHP马场和马匹认证、生物安全准则、HHP证书等方面概述HHP马匹实施框架,并回顾了HHP国内外实施现状,展望了其在我国的应用。建立HHP既可以便利赛马跨境移动,又保障良好的动物卫生保护水平,可为更多国家尤其是发展中国家举办高水平国际马术赛事及出境参赛提供更多机会。目前该规则在国际上的实际应用尚处起步阶段,在国内仍处于空白阶段。为进一步推动我国马术运动的可持续发展,应尽快建立一套适宜我国国情的赛马跨境移动检疫监管模式。     

OIE关于赛马跨境移动的创新概念与应用

为便利赛马跨境移动同时保障良好的动物卫生保护水平,促进更多国家特别是发展中国家举办高水平国际马术赛事及出境参赛,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)提出了"高健康高性能马"(HHP)和"马无疫区"(EDFZ)两项创新概念。本文对于HHP认证和EDFZ建设的理念与指南规范进行阐述解析,同时介绍了国内外实施应用OIE新概念现状,并就我国建立EDFZ与开展HHP认证以及进一步完善赛马临时性进出境检疫监管措施等方面进行了探讨,为促进我国马术运动及现代马产业发展提供参考。     

美国癌症学会发布指导方针称健康饮食确能降低癌症风险

【《今日美国报》网站4月6日报道】题:健康饮食能降低整体癌症风险能否通过某种饮食方式降低患癌风险?美国癌症学会说":是的。"该学会今年早些时候发布了经过更新的营养和体育锻炼指导方针,强调生活方式在预防癌症方面的重要性。     

反刍动物瘤胃甲烷排放减缓策略

反刍动物瘤胃是重要的甲烷排放源之一,因此反刍动物瘤胃甲烷减缓策略已成为当前的研究热点。综述了降低瘤胃甲烷排放量的各种营养调控技术,包括调控瘤胃微生物区系、添加油脂、日粮的加工调制及提高饲养管理水平等,并展望了未来的技术发展。     

反刍动物瘤胃甲烷排放减缓策略

反刍动物瘤胃是重要的甲烷排放源之一,因此反刍动物瘤胃甲烷减缓策略已成为当前的研究热点.综述了降低瘤胃甲烷排放量的各种营养调控技术,包括调控瘤胃微生物区系、添加油脂、日粮的加工调制及提高饲养管理水平等,并展望了未来的技术发展.     

Management Strategies of Free-Roaming Horses in Alberta Compared with Other Jurisdictions

Management strategies of free-roaming species are subject to polarizing debates around the world. This paper provides perspectives on free-roaming horse management strategies practiced in Alberta and compares them against national management strategies used in Canada and internationally (United States and Australia) to illustrate importance of science-based and socially inclusive management schemes. Owing to their pluralistic status as an introduced and culturally significant species of western Canada, free-roaming horse populations are a contentious environmental management issue in Alberta. Some stakeholders (e.g., indigenous people, horse and animal rights advocates) believe the government aims to extirpate free-roaming horses in favor of cattle grazing. However, the Albertan government and ranchers believe it is important to conserve and manage free-roaming horse populations for all land users while minimizing adverse environmental effects in sensitive foothill and mountain grasslands and associated riparian areas in Alberta. Despite this contention, a systematic approach that is mindful of the history and cultural value of horses to society is required to properly manage this species. Best management practices from case studies were used to compare against four main concerns identified from the literature of free-roaming horse management used in Alberta. Concerns include 1) cultural heritage values, 2) free-roaming (or wild) horse designation, 3) lack of scientifically rigorous population monitoring, and 4) societal considerations. Ecological effects of free-roaming horses and human dimensions of their management are discussed. It is recommended that lessons learned from other jurisdictions be applied to free-roaming horse management in Alberta to provide a more holistic framework as the government develops a “feral horse management strategy.”     

进境马匹非洲马瘟传入风险分析

我国已被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)认可为非洲马瘟(African horse sickness,AHS)历史无疫国家.2020年泰国、马来西亚发生的AHS疫情,对我国防范AHS传入带来了极大压力.为有效防止AHS传入,基于OIE风险分析框架,利用OIE风险评估矩阵,从传入评估、暴露评估和后果评估三个角度,分析进境马匹传...     

国际动物卫生组织重要标准的修订动态

我们于2005年5月在国际动物卫生组织(OIE)总部工作了一个月。在此期间,了解到了OIE重要标准的修订动态。为了使我国的各级兽医工作者对国际兽医规则有所了解,以便在动物防疫和动物卫生的实际工作中能够汲取借鉴,特将了解到的情况进行加工整理,以飨读者。1OIE《陆生动物卫生法典》1.1修订流程OIE陆生法典委员会管理处在每年7月的会议后起草更新版本的法典内容,然后发给成员国和邀约的专家提出意见,在次年1月下旬,法典委员会召开会议并将审查过的新的法典文本以报告方式公布,并进一步征求各方意见(意见截止为次年5月初),然后在5月下旬的…     

营养策略缓解鱼类拥挤胁迫的研究进展

集约化养殖生产中,高放养密度导致的应激反应通常会影响鱼类的生长、抗氧化能力、免疫力及抗病力等。本文综述了拥挤胁迫对鱼类生长和生理机能的影响以及缓解拥挤胁迫的营养策略研究,以期为深入研究拥挤效应和营养缓解策略的合理应用提供科学依据。     

Biokinematics Under Competitive Racing Conditions in Young Standardbred Trotter Horses: A Preliminary Report

The aim of this study was to evaluate equine performance in competitive trotter horses under normal racing conditions. Data of stride length, stride frequency, and mean horse speed were obtained from 50 2-year-old Italian fillies that were winners during the racing and the sprint laps of competition. The enhancement of speed in the sprint lap was obtained by increasing both stride length and stride frequency. Stride frequencies for the racing and the sprint laps were (mean ± SD) 133.63 ± 3.93 and 138.97 ± 6.62 strides per minute, respectively, and stride lengths for the racing and the sprint laps were 7.17 ± 0.17 and 7.30 ± 0.11 m, respectively; mean speed was 48.18 ± 1.09. The usefulness of the kinematic assessments as well as its potential reference for future indicators of performance is discussed in this study.     

Laminitis: Risk Factors and Outcome in a Group of Danish Horses

Recent systematic reviews have highlighted the lack of quality information with respect to the epidemiology of equine laminitis. The objectives of this study were to identify in Denmark, the risk factors for new (i.e., not believed to have suffered from laminitis previously) cases of laminitis (NL) and to look at the outcome and incidence of repeated episodes of laminitis in these animals as well as those which had previously suffered an episode of laminitis (i.e., chronic cases) over the following 12 months. Information was obtained from 110 veterinary diagnosed cases of laminitis (69 new and 41 chronic) and 80 control animals (the next nonlaminitic horse/pony seen by that participating practice). All animals were followed for up to 1 year. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression was conducted for the NL case-control pairs. Variables were retained within the final multivariable models if the likelihood ratio P value was <.05. There was no association between sex or gender and laminitis. A recent change of grass, being on what was considered high-quality grass and being a cold-blooded type, <149 cm (i.e., Shetland, Fell, Welsh, or Dartmoor pony, Icelandic horse, Norwegian fjords, or a mix of these breeds) were all significant risk factors for laminitis. Although cresty neck score and body condition score were significantly associated with NL at the univariable screening stage, they were found to be confounders of breed and each other during the multivariable model building process. Other factors such as weight and estimated starch intake were not found to be significant. Thirty-three percent of all the laminitis cases had been humanely destroyed within 12 months of diagnosis, mainly for laminitis-associated reasons, compared with only 7.5% of the controls (none for laminitis associated reasons). This study confirms the importance of grass turnout and breed on laminitis risk. Horses in work at the time of diagnosis as well as those diagnosed in the winter and spring were more likely to be humanely destroyed within the next 12 months than those not in work or diagnosed in the autumn and summer.