牛白血病的诊断与防控

牛白血病是淋巴组织细胞恶性增生的一种疾病.牛白血病又称牛病毒性造血细胞组织增生症、牛淋巴肉瘤、牛恶性淋巴瘤、牛白血病综合征等.该病是由反转录病毒科丁型反转录病毒属的牛白血病病毒引起的一种淋巴网状系统全身性恶性肿瘤.它是由淋巴组织的一种或多种白细胞成分恶性增生后进入血液中,使白细胞异常增多,导致牛以恶病质和高病死率为特征的一种慢性肿瘤性疾病.从病原、流行病学、临床症状、诊断等方面进行阐述,以期为防控该病提供参考.     

牛白血病的诊断与防控

牛白血病是淋巴组织细胞恶性增生的一种疾病。牛白血病又称牛病毒性造血细胞组织增生症、牛淋巴肉瘤、牛恶性淋巴瘤、牛白血病综合征等。该病是由反转录病毒科丁型反转录病毒属的牛白血病病毒引起的一种淋巴网状系统全身性恶性肿瘤。它是由淋巴组织的一种或多种白细胞成分恶性增生后进入血液中,使白细胞异常增多,导致牛以恶病质和高病死率为特征的一种慢性肿瘤性疾病。从病原、流行病学、临床症状、诊断等方面进行阐述,以期为防控该病提供参考。     

日本肉牛育种的研究

一、前言日本共有341.9万头牛,分为两种类型。一种是乳牛,共185.6万头,包括黑白花牛、改良的黑白花杂种牛和娟姗牛。另一种是肉牛,共156.3万头,主要是日本和牛。和牛是     

牛病毒性腹泻——黏膜病的诊断和防治

牛病毒性腹泻—黏膜病是一种由黏膜病病毒引起的疾病,这种疾病主要表现为患病牛出现黏膜糜烂发炎以及黏膜坏死和患病牛出现腹泻。牛病毒性腹泻—黏膜病又被称作牛病毒性腹泻或者牛黏膜病,是一种严重危害我国养牛业的传染病之一。     

牛巴氏杆菌病的发生和诊治

牛巴氏杆菌病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌所引起的一种急性传染病,也是一种常见病.该病会影响牛的生长和繁殖,给养牛业带来重大的经济损失.除了牛以外,还可感染其他多种动物.临床上常以高温、肺炎、急性胃肠炎及内脏器官广泛出血为特征,所以又称牛出血性败血病,简称"牛出败".     

牛病毒性腹泻的临床变化、诊断与防治

牛病毒性腹泻又称牛黏膜病,是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种主要以黏膜发炎、糜烂、坏死、发热和腹泻为特征,发生于牛的热性传染病.由于牛病毒性腹泻分布广泛,流行性严重,是我国乃至国际贸易中一种重要的牛的传染病之一,严重危害我国养牛业的健康可持续发展,造成养牛业巨大的经济损失.为有效的防治牛病毒性腹泻,本文从流行病学、临床变化...     

牛病毒性腹泻的诊断和治疗

正牛病毒性腹泻是牛养殖过程中常见的一种易患疾病,一旦牛患有该疾病,会对牛的繁殖力、产奶量等造成较大的影响。另外该疾病是一种接触性传染病,病毒会通过食物、饮水、密切接触等进入到牛的消化道和呼吸道,侵袭牛咽部、肠黏膜以及鼻窦等部位,提高牛血液中病毒水平,致使病毒血症发生。     

牛病毒性腹泻的防治

牛病毒性腹泻是一种病毒性传染病,传染性非常强,以患病动物的分泌物和排泄粪便为主要传染源.牛病毒性腹泻病是由黄病毒科的瘟疫病毒引起的一种热性传染病,牛感染的几率非常高,尤以新生牛犊最易感染,严重影响牛的健康生长.现阶段,还没有彻底治愈牛病毒性腹泻的有效方法,只能通过免疫接种为牛的健康生长提供保障.     

兽医治疗牛胃肠炎的探讨

牛养殖中,各种疾病的出现严重影响了正常的养殖活动。牛胃肠炎是一种牛养殖中极为常见的一种疾病,该种疾病造成了牛胃肠道的病变与损伤,对牛的身体机能将产生极为不利的影响。牛胃肠炎是由胃肠组织发炎所引起的,发病以后,牛的胃、肠器官将无法发挥其作用,甚至会造成牛的其他方面疾病。基于此,本文分析了牛胃肠炎的临床症状、发病原因与治疗措施,有利于保持牛良好的身体机能。     

牛支原体病的流行特点与防控措施

支原体是一类在自然界广泛存在、能在无活细胞培养基中繁殖、无细胞壁、高度多形性的最小微生物,据报道己分离鉴定的牛的支原体约有30种,但最为严重的有两种,一种是丝状支原体丝状亚种小菌落型,导致牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP),另一种是牛支原体,导致牛支原体肺炎,二者属于支原体属不同种。     

Susceptibility of reproduction in female pigs to impairment by stress or elevation of cortisol

It is generally agreed that stress can impair reproduction. Furthermore, it is often thought that cortisol, which is secreted during stress as a result of activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis, is associated with this stress-induced impairment of reproduction. It has been hypothesized that reproduction in females is particularly susceptible to disruption by acute stress during the series of endocrine events that induce estrus and ovulation. Nevertheless, we found no support for this conjecture when we subjected female pigs to repeated acute stress or repeated acute elevation of cortisol during the period leading up to estrus and ovulation. Conversely, studies have demonstrated that prolonged stress and sustained elevation of cortisol can disrupt reproductive processes in female pigs. Nevertheless, in each study that demonstrated this effect, there were some animals subjected to the prolonged stressor or the sustained elevation of cortisol in which the reproductive parameters that were measured were not affected by the treatment. We propose that reproduction in female pigs is resistant to the effects of acute or repeated acute stress or acute or repeated acute elevation of cortisol even if these occur during the series of endocrine events that induce estrus and ovulation. Furthermore, while reproductive processes in some individuals are compromised, reproduction in a proportion of female pigs appears to be resistant to the effects of prolonged stress or sustained elevation of cortisol.     

犬急性胰腺炎的诊断与治疗

犬急性胰腺炎是宠物临床重要疾病之一,是与多种炎性细胞相关的胰腺急性炎症反应,不易诊断和治疗。随着诊断技术水平的提高,胰腺炎的诊断率逐渐上升。准确、及时的诊断和治疗对提高此病的治愈率具有重要意义。为深入研究犬急性胰腺炎,作者对其病因、发病机制、诊断及治疗进行了综述,以期为胰腺炎的临床治疗提供参考。     

Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry

The body's early defence in response to trauma, inflammation or infection, the acute phase response, is a complex set of systemic reactions seen shortly after exposure to a triggering event. One of the many components is an acute phase protein response in which increased hepatic synthesis leads to increased serum concentration of positive acute phase proteins. The serum concentration of these acute phase proteins returns to base levels when the triggering factor is no longer present. This paper provides a review of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A and their possible use as non-specific indicators of health in large animal veterinary medicine such as in the health status surveillance of pigs at the herd level, for the detection of mastitis in dairy cattle and for the prognosis of respiratory diseases in horses.     

Inhibition of elastase by canine serum: demonstration of an acute phase response

Canine serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is not a major acute phase reactant in the dog, unlike the equivalent protein in humans. The possibility that an alternative protease inhibitor system is stimulated during the acute phase response in the dog was investigated. alpha 2-macroglobulin was not an acute phase reactant, but an inhibitor of elastase was identified in canine serum which could be separated from proteinase inhibitor by gel filtration and which was shown to be an acute phase reactant. This protein has been named canine elastase inhibitor.     

Genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of the ORF5 gene of acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates

Swine herds in the US have experienced recent outbreaks of a severe form of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (designated acute or atypical PRRS) characterized by abortion and high mortality in pregnant sows. Most of the affected herds had been vaccinated with modified live-vaccines (MLVs) against PRRS. To explore the possible mechanism of the emergence of acute PRRS, the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene encoding the major envelope protein (GP5) of acute PRRSV isolates was characterized. The complete ORF5 gene of eight acute PRRSV isolates from herds experiencing acute PRRS outbreaks in Iowa and North Carolina was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses revealed that these acute PRRSV isolates shared 88-95% nucleotide and 88-96% amino acid sequence identities to each other, 87-97% nucleotide and 84-96% amino acid sequence identities with other North American PRRSV isolates and the MLVs. Most of the amino acid substitutions locate in the putative signal sequence and two short hypervariable regions at the amino terminus. The ORF5 gene sequence of the acute PRRSV isolate 98-37120-2 from a non-vaccinated swine herd in Iowa is very closely related to that of the RespPRRS MLV, with 97% nucleotide and 96% amino acid sequence identities. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all eight acute PRRSV isolates are clustered within the North American genotype. Several minor branches that are not associated with geographic origins were also identified within the North American genotype. One acute PRRSV isolate (98-37120-2) is clustered with the RespPRRS MLV and several Danish isolates that were confirmed to be derived from the RespPRRS MLV. The ORF5 gene sequences of other seven acute isolates are more related to those of several earlier PRRSV isolates and the PrimePac MLV than to that of the RespPRRS MLV. Our results showed that the acute PRRSV isolates analyzed in this study differed from each other in ORF5 genes, although they all clustered within the North American genotype. The data from this study do not fully support the hypothesis that the emergence of acute PRRS is due to reversion of MLVs to a pathogenic phenotype, as only one of the eight acute isolates was shown to be very closely related to the RespPRRS MLV.     

Causes for species difference in acute toxicity of chlorocholine chloride]

Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) inhibits neuromuscular transduction of excitation and, consequently, leads to respiratory arrest in cases of acute intoxication. An account is given of the relationships between neuromuscularly blocking activity and acute toxicity of CCC. Several animal species and pharmacological models are used to produce evidence to the effect that CCC-caused inhibition of neuromuscular transmission of excitation is characterised by parameters typical of block due to depolarisation. The differentiated sensitivity of species to depolarising neuromuscular blockers is thought to be the decisive cause of species differences regarding acute toxicity of CCC. Conclusions are discussed which may be derived from the above findings regarding acute CCC toxicity to man and agricultural animal.     

弓形虫卵囊感染小鼠的急性期与慢性期的脑组织蛋白质组变化

弓形虫是一种呈世界性分布的机会性致病原虫,可引起致命性脑炎.人弓形虫病急性感染往往与弓形虫卵囊污染密切相关.探究弓形虫卵囊感染对宿主的致病机制和防控弓形虫病具有重要意义.因此,本研究利用iTRAQ技术,结合2D-LC-MS/MS分析弓形虫PRU虫株卵囊急、慢性感染小鼠后,其脑组织蛋白质的差异表达情况.结果 表明,在急性...     

犬和猫急性胰腺炎的病因及机制研究进展

胰腺周围脂肪组织和腺泡坏死被认为是急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)的主要病理特征。胰腺炎轻者不累及其他器官,无并发症,为自限性疾病;重者胰腺出血、坏死、多器官功能衰竭,出现并发症,危及生命。近年来,胰腺炎在犬和猫中发病率非常高,而且病程一般是由急性期转至慢性期,由轻微转至严重。对其发病原因及其发病机制知之甚少,国内外兽医相关文献鲜有报道。论文参考大量研究文献并结合临床经验,综述该病的发病原因和发病机制,以期为临床预防和治疗提供思路。     

Fossa ovalis tear causing right to left shunting in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Left atrial tear is an infrequent sequela of severe mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. Interatrial septal tear due to mitral regurgitation causing a left-to-right shunt is uncommon. Right to left shunting secondary to acute interatrial septal tear is very rarely reported in the human literature, and has not been reported in the veterinary literature in a dog. This case describes the clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic, gross pathologic, and histopathologic features of a dog presented in acute respiratory distress secondary to acute onset right to left shunting through the interatrial septum. This was later documented to be due to a tear in the septum secondary to tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of an acquired right to left shunting atrial septal defect is of clinical and prognostic significance, and should be considered in cases of acute respiratory distress.     

不同温度下5种拟除虫菊酯类农药对家蚕的毒性变化

拟除虫菊酯类农药对昆虫的毒性具有温度效应。采用食下毒叶法测定5种常用拟除虫菊酯类农药在环境温度35、30、25、20℃时对家蚕的急性毒性。随着温度的升高,5种拟除虫菊酯类农药对家蚕的急性毒性降低,在35℃时溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯对家蚕2龄幼虫的LD50值与20℃时的LD50值的比值分别为7.63、12.27、8.49、2.76、1.75。研究结果表明,5种拟除虫菊酯类农药对家蚕的急性毒性表现为负温度效应,其中氰戊菊酯对家蚕的毒性受温度的影响最为明显,溴氰菊酯和联苯菊酯较为明显,高效氯氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯的毒性受温度影响较小。