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为估计山东省莱西市奶牛结核病(b TB)的流行率,分析场间传播可能的风险因素,对该地区548个奶牛养殖场(户)进行流行病学调查。通过ELISA检测,估计b TB的群表观流行率(AP)为6.9%,群真实流行率(TP)为7.3%(95%CI:4.7%~10.0%);通过ELISA和单纯皮内变态反应(SICT)垂直试验,估计b TB个体AP为1.0%,TP为1.9%(95%CI:1.6%~2.2%)。Logistic回归分析表明,规模场、无隔离措施、无产犊场地、场外人员接生是b TB场间传播的潜在风险因素。建立的回归模型拟合度较好(P=0.05),ROC曲线面积为0.808(95%CI:0.736~0.880),预测概率较好。本研究可为该地区奶牛结核病防控策略的改进提供技术支持。 相似文献
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[目的] 掌握山东省威海市牛羊布鲁氏菌病的基线,分析人畜间布鲁氏菌病感染情况,查找布鲁氏菌病的传播风险因素,为该地区布鲁氏菌病防控决策提供数据支撑。[方法] 采用两级采样策略,选择牛羊群和选定群体中的个体,采集血清进行布鲁氏菌病检测。同时,通过问卷调查、档案查阅等方式,分析人畜布鲁氏菌病感染和传播的风险因素。[结果] 在牛群中未检出布鲁氏菌病阳性;羊群布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为0.48%(95%CI:0.10%~0.86%),个体表观流行率为0.41%(95%CI:0.33%~0.49%)。[结论] 威海市家畜布鲁氏菌病净化效果较好,疫情处于稳定控制状态;羊饲养户跨地区调入活羊时不申报落地检疫,未隔离就混群饲养,是导致布鲁氏菌病传入的主要风险因素;多途径接触发病动物、产品及污染物是人感染布鲁氏菌病的主要原因。需持续通过定期监测、禁止免疫、控制流通、强化监督等综合防控策略来净化和根除该病;应继续加强有关布鲁氏菌病的宣传教育,提高养殖户、牛羊屠宰加工人员等风险人群的风险防患和自我保护意识,降低布鲁氏菌病传入以及感染人的风险。 相似文献
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为了解辽宁省某市的奶牛布鲁氏菌病(简称奶牛布病)流行现状及该市奶牛布病群间传播风险因素,开展本研究。对该市辖区内所有奶牛进行布鲁氏菌病的普查,获知该市奶牛布病的表观个体血清流行率和表观群血清流行率;采用问卷调查方式进一步开展病例-对照研究,初步筛选出14项该市奶牛布病群间传播可能风险因素,经相关性检验结合生物学知识,选取了5个变量进入多因素分析,最终通过非条件logistic回归方法初步建立了该市奶牛布病群间传播风险因素回归模型,并建立ROC曲线计算了模型的预测概率。研究结果显示,该市奶牛个体流行率为0.99%,群流行率12.44%。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,该市奶牛布病群间传播的风险因素包括:“无专用购销车辆”(OR=3.57,95%CI:1.04-12.5,p =0.04),“进圈时不穿专用工作服和胶靴”(OR=5.0,95%CI:0.97-25.00,p =0.06),“与犬混养”(OR=12.39,95%CI:0.97-157.56,p=0.05)。该结果表明与犬混养可能是该市奶牛布病群间传播重要的风险因素,而奶牛销售时自有购销专用车辆和场内生物安全措施的采取如进圈穿专用工作服可使奶牛布病在场群间传播的风险降低。针对回归模型建立的ROC曲线下面积为71.6%,表明此模型解释该市奶牛布病群间传播风险的能力为中等。 相似文献
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为掌握安徽省牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行情况,2016—2018年,每年从全省16个地市、2个直管县的种用场、商品代场和散养户,随机抽取不同数量的牛羊血清样品,进行布鲁氏菌病虎红平板凝集试验初筛和试管凝集试验复检。结果显示,2016—2018年,安徽省牛羊布鲁氏菌病群体表观流行率分别为0.58%、0.66%和0.50%,个体表观流行率分别为0.05%、0.09%和0.14%,群体真实流行率分别为0(95%CI:0~3.2%),0(95%CI:0.1%~1.9%)和0(95%CI:0.2%~1.2%),阳性样品主要来自商品代场。结果表明,安徽省连续3年牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行率保持在较低水平,出现区域性流行的风险较小,但需持续加强监测,加强引种检疫监管,重点推进商品代场的布鲁氏菌病净化工作。 相似文献
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为了解河南省羊布鲁氏菌病流行现状以及羊养殖场感染风险因素,按照两阶段抽样检测方法,采集某县羊养殖场和散养村的羊血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验进行布鲁氏菌检测。结果显示,该县散养村的羊布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为16.35%,真实群流行率为18.17%(95%CI:12.14%~24.20%),养殖场的表观群体流行率为22.22%,真实群流行率为25.60%(95%CI:13.87%~37.33%)。风险因素分析结果显示,“羊贩随意进出养殖场(OR=18.50,95%CI:1.82~188.39)”和“共用种公羊(OR=12.00,95%CI:1.11~129.42)”是该县羊养殖场感染布鲁氏菌的主要风险因素。结果表明,该县羊布鲁氏菌病流行较为严重,提示该县需要加强布鲁氏菌病防控,提高养羊场户的生物安全管理水平,加强散养村内种公羊的布鲁氏菌监测与净化,及时淘汰阳性羊。 相似文献
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[目的]估计莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行率和地理分布,分析奶牛养殖场间布鲁氏菌病的传播风险因素。[方法]对莱西市1803个养殖户30119头应检奶牛,全部采样,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验,同时开展奶牛布鲁氏菌病问卷调查。利用GIS、Epi Infor TM 7和SPASS软件,开展横断面研究和case-control研究,分析莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病阳性场户的空间分布、布鲁氏菌病流行率和养殖场间的风险因素分析。[结果]莱西市布鲁氏菌病的场户血清流行率是2.55%,个体血清流行率为0.38%;单因素分析发现存栏量、养殖模式、养殖环境、是否有专用产犊场地、挤奶方式、运奶方式、粪污是否分开处理、是否使用机械处理粪便等8个因素与奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生有一定关系(p<0.2);多因素logistic回归分析表明,存栏量少(10只以下)(OR=4.58,95%CI:1.87-11.23,p=0.001)和散养户集中村饲养(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.05-4.63,p=0.036)与该病发生相关。 相似文献
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为了解湖南省长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行现状,对奶羊养殖场(户)和种羊场采用普查策略,对其他羊养殖场(户)采用两阶抽样策略,选择羊群并选定群体中个体,采集血样进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测。同时,通过问卷调查和查阅资料等方式,分析布鲁氏菌病感染和传播风险。结果显示:全市羊布鲁氏菌病表观场群流行率为1.54%(95%CI:0.42%~3.91%),表观个体流行率为0.60%(95%CI:0.43%~0.80%);4个阳性群集中分布于长沙县和宁乡县;和以往监测数据相比,长沙市的羊群布鲁氏菌病流行率和人间发病率均呈下降趋势,说明前期的防治策略取得积极成效。总体来说,长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行率较低,疫情处于稳定控制状态,因而可以分区域逐步实现全市布鲁氏菌病净化。 相似文献
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为掌握山东省A市牛羊布鲁氏菌病(以下简称“布病”)流行情况,为布病防控决策提供数据支撑,采用横断面调查研究方法,运用普查抽样策略,对A市牛羊存栏量、布病流行率及不同规模场群布病流行情况进行了调查。结果显示:牛布病场群表观流行率和个体表观流行率分别为0.64%(95%CI:0~1.52%)和0.03%(95%CI:0~0.07%),羊布病场群表观流行率和个体表观流行率分别为3.37%(95%CI:2.07%~4.67%)和0.39%(95%CI:0.34%~0.44%)。规模<50头(只)场群的场群表观流行率最低,与存栏50~99和100~499头(只)场群均具有统计学差异(P <0.05)。阳性场群复检的场群表观流行率(25.00%)高于全市整体布病场群表观流行率(3.40%),差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。以上结果表明:该市牛布病流行率较低,处于稳定控制状态,羊布病流行率稍高,需在后续监测净化中重点关注;不同规模场群的布病场群流行率存在差异,养殖规模较大的场群流行率较高,这为探寻风险因素提供了方向;阳性场群布病复发风险较高,今后在布病防控中应对阳性场群开展持... 相似文献
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本研究采用横断面研究方法,通过两个阶段的随机抽样检测,结合问卷调查,获得大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率及感染风险因素,初步了解了当地养羊场户对布鲁氏菌病防控相关知识的掌握情况和行为实践特点。研究结果表明,大连市羊布鲁氏菌病场群血清流行率为8.89%(95%CI:6.14%~11.63%)。从饲养模式看,调查的6个种羊场均无布鲁氏菌病感染,而商品代饲养场和散养村羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率分别为13.33%(95%CI:5.64%~21.03%)和8.21%(95%CI:5.24%~11.17%),差异不显著(X~2=1.93,p=0.170.05)。从饲养品种看,不同品种羊群之间的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率差异也不显著(X~2=0.15,p=0.930.05)。单因素分析结果表明,"与其他养羊场户共用种公羊""产后胎衣丢弃和喂狗""流产物喂狗""与其他养羊场户共用交通工具""近一年羊贩子进羊圈""近一年在交易市场买卖羊"等行为是羊群感染布鲁氏菌病的风险因素,而"购入前检测布鲁氏疾病"是显著的保护性因素。进一步的logistic回归分析表明,"近一年在交易市场买卖羊"(OR=4.91,95%CI:1.57%~15.35%)"流产物处理不当"(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.06%~3.30%)是主要的羊群布鲁氏菌病感染风险因素。"知信行"调查结果表明,大连市养羊从业者对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度较好,说明兽医部门的宣传工作有成效。但从行为实践角度来看,仍有部分养羊场户存有侥幸心理,在日常养殖和生活中不采取降低布鲁氏菌病感染风险的措施。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献