铜仁市2023年上半年动物疫病免疫抗体抽检分析

为全面落实动物疫病强制免疫工作,科学评估重大动物疫病的免疫效果,于2023年5月18日—6月11日对各区（县）进行了重大动物疫病免疫抗体飞检及监测预警抽检工作,在全市10个区县随机采集猪牛羊鸡血清样品共计3098份,分别采用正向间接血凝、酶联免疫吸附实验和血凝与血凝抑制试验等检测方法分别做了牛O型口蹄疫、羊O型口蹄疫、牛A型口蹄疫、羊A型口蹄疫、羊小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、猪O型口蹄疫、猪瘟、布鲁氏菌共10种免疫抗体检测。结果显示：牛O型口蹄疫、羊O型口蹄疫、牛A型口蹄疫、羊A型口蹄疫、羊小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、猪O型口蹄疫、猪瘟样品免疫抗体合格率分别为97.93%、96.34%、65.00%、51.43%、96.58%、82.59%、83.70%、93.66%、93.09%;牛、羊布鲁氏菌病免疫抗体均为阴性。结果表明,牛羊O型口蹄疫、羊小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、猪O型口蹄疫平均样品合格率均高于农业农村部规定的70%的基本要求,能够有效防控重大动物疫病的流行。但牛羊A型口蹄疫抗体合格率均低于70%,需加强动物免疫并进行免疫抗体监测...     

新疆昌吉州羊口蹄疫与小反刍兽疫单独与联合免疫抗体检测效果评价分析

试验旨在探讨羊口蹄疫与小反刍兽疫疫苗单独与联合免疫对动物保护情况,为缓解动物应激、提高免疫效果提供研究依据。选取2 106只昌吉州辖区7个地区的散养羊,采用液相阻断ELISA方法检测口蹄疫O型、A型抗体效价,ID Screen小反刍兽疫病毒抗体检测试剂盒检测小反刍兽疫抗体效价,分析各地区不同年份羊口蹄疫O型、A型和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体效果,比较单独免疫与联合免疫的免疫结果。结果显示,2018、2019、2020年口蹄疫抗体合格率分别为85.65%、93.86%、92.22%;2018、2019、2020年小反刍兽疫抗体合格率分别为76.99%、86.46%、88.59%。研究表明,2019、2020年口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫联合免疫效果保护性好于2018年,联合免疫效果良好,达到预期的免疫效果。     

2020—2022年榆林市重大动物疫病免疫抗体水平监测分析

研究旨在了解重大动物疫病防疫效果,于2020—2022年采集畜禽血清样品5 596份,通过ELISA、HA/HI试验进行血清学抗体检测。结果显示：2022年春季猪、牛、羊O型口蹄疫及牛A型口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5N6 H5Re-13株、禽流感H7N9 H7Re-4株抗体合格率分别为87.57%、93.53%、95.56%、92.23%、93.41%、93.55%、94.24%。与其他病种相比,猪O型口蹄疫防疫需进一步加强;周期内重大动物疫病防疫状况整体良好,但不同区域、不同病种及不同年份抗体合格率存在差异,禽流感免疫抗体合格率不稳定,牛A型口蹄疫抗体合格率呈持续下降趋势。研究表明,今后应加强猪O型口蹄疫、牛A型口蹄疫及禽流感防疫效果的动态监测。     

新疆某农场羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体检测报告

口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫是农业部强制免疫病种。新疆某农场对羊进行了全覆盖免疫接种。为掌握新疆某农场羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫疫苗免疫效果,笔者应用ELISA抗体检测和阻断ELISA试验方法检测免疫抗体水平。结果显示,2014年-2017年,新疆某农场8个连队不同品种不同养殖模式羊的口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体合格率均在70%以上,达到农业部的要求。检测结果表明,规模养殖场的免疫抗体水平整体高于散养场。本研究为该农场制定合理的羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫程序提供了理论依据。     

山东省2020年春季主要动物疫病免疫抗体监测与分析

为了解山东省春季主要动物疫病免疫效果,采集16市2, 939份血清样品,针对禽流感、口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫等主要动物疫病免疫抗体进行检测分析。结果表明,三种动物疫病免疫抗体合格率高于农业农村部规定标准,口蹄疫免疫效果不同畜种、不同亚型间有差异,羊场O型口蹄疫免疫效果与小反刍兽疫免疫效果类似,禽屠宰场禽流感免疫抗体水平低。     

2019—2021年伊吾县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为掌握伊吾县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体水平,采用液相阻断ELISA抗体检测(LPB-ELISA)方法,收集6个乡镇2019—2021年抽检春秋两季牛1258头、羊2496只,进行时间、地域分布描述。实验显示,口蹄疫A型总体合格率90.86%、90.91%,O型口蹄疫免疫抗体总体合格率94.12%、94.03%,免疫抗体效价大于70%。不同区域前山乡口蹄疫整体免疫水平最高,吐葫芦乡牛A型口蹄疫免疫抗体较低仅为74.67%。结果表明,全县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体检测效果整体良好,部分乡镇免疫较低。需做好基层牛羊口蹄疫免疫调研,查找原因,提出了今后的工作方向,加强对防疫员开展从疫苗保存、免疫部位选择、免疫剂量技术指导,特别是动物检疫站监管,为伊吾县畜牧业高质量健康发展提供依据。     

黔东南州2021年重大动物疫病抗体监测情况及对策

重大动物疫病集中免疫是控制动物疫情发生的关键工作，为客观评价黔东南州2021年重大动物疫病集中免疫效果，黔东南州动物疫病预防控制中心组织开展了2021年动物疫病监测工作。结果显示，猪瘟、猪口蹄疫、牛羊口蹄疫O型、高致病性禽流感等抗体合格率均达到70%以上，牛羊口蹄疫A型、羊小反刍兽疫等抗体合格率在70%以下，说明黔东南州重大动物疫病强制免疫工作没有做到全覆盖，应进一步提高思想认识，强化基础免疫，确保构筑有效的动物防疫安全屏障。     

2017—2019年广西玉林市牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫血清抗体检测

为了解广西玉林市牛羊口蹄疫(FMD)和小反刍兽疫(PPR)免疫情况,2017—2019年采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对从玉林市7个县(市、区)234个种畜场、规模养殖场和散养户采集2244份羊血清和922份牛血清样本进行O型、A型和亚洲I型FMD以及PPR免疫抗体检测,并比较不同年份、不同地区的免疫抗体水平.结...     

贵州省黔南州动物疫病免疫抗体飞行检查效果分析

2019年上半年,春防免疫工作结束后对黔南州12个县市中小规模养殖场开展免疫抗体"飞行检查",共采集到畜禽血清543份。通过监测,在州级水平上H5和H7亚型禽流感、猪O型口蹄疫、牛/羊O型口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫群体免疫抗体平均合格率大于70%,达到农业农村部要求,个别县市H5和H7亚型禽流感、牛/羊O型口蹄疫免疫抗体不合格",飞行检查"对评估全州春防免疫效果、督促县市、乡镇重视春防工作起到了重要作用。     

山羊口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫不同免疫方法对免疫抗体形成效果分析

<正>为合理使用山羊口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫疫苗,掌握两种疫苗不同免疫方法对免疫抗体的影响,降低动物免疫成本和动物防疫人员劳动强度,提升免疫密度与工作效率,昭阳区动物疫病预防控制中心探索山羊口蹄疫疫苗和小反刍兽疫疫苗"两苗两点一次同步注射"、先注射口蹄疫疫苗,间隔7日再注射小反刍兽疫疫苗、先注射小反刍兽疫疫苗,间隔7日再注射口蹄疫疫苗,通过三种不同注射方法,检测抗体,总结分析"两苗两点一次同步注射"在     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用

我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。     

Ecology and epidemiology of anthrax in cattle and humans in Zambia

Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region.     

Housing of dogs and cats in shelters and kennels in Switzerland

The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims.     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Variation in quantity and quality of native forages and grazing behavior of cattle and goats in Tanzania

The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production.     

精氨酸在畜禽营养生理中的应用进展

精氨酸在动物体内参不仅参与多种营养物质的合成分解代谢,同时通过精氨酸酶、一氧化氮两条代谢途径,参与机体内的免疫调节。由于断奶仔猪与哺乳母猪自身不能合成足量的精氨酸以满足代谢需要,因此需要从外源摄取以满足需求;另外,家禽体内也缺乏可以合成精氨酸的氨甲酰磷酸酶,其整个生长阶段更是需要补充外源性精氨酸。     

兰州地区苜蓿和红豆草根际溶磷菌筛选及菌株部分特性研究

利用溶磷圈法对苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷细菌进行了分离,共获得分离物386个,其中137个具有溶磷能力.苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷菌数量分布有差异.其数量为RS>RP>NRS>HP.对筛选获得的12株溶磷圈较大的菌株进行菌落形态特征观察发现,大多数菌落呈灰白色或乳白色、不规则、半透明、边缘不整齐、突起、无光泽、无色素.进一步利用钼蓝比色法对菌株分解磷矿粉能力测定显示,各菌株分解磷矿粉能力差异较大,溶磷量最大为338.4mg/ml,最小为25.9mg/ml,这与其自身溶磷机制有关.溶磷量与菌株培养液pH值之间存在显著相关性.12株菌株大部分具有分泌IAA的能力,其中LM6和LH9分泌IAA能力较强.