添加复合菌株快速发酵虾头制酱工艺优化

为推进传统发酵水产调味品的产业化,提高生产效率,满足消费者需求,利用现代生物技术,研究虾头酱快速发酵工艺。选择从传统虾酱中分离得到的季氏毕赤氏酵母(Pichia gilliermondii)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)以及购买植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus planticola),作为外加复合菌株混合发酵,提高虾头酱风味。基于感官品评和氨基态含量分析,首先探索快速发酵杀菌方式及复合菌株接种比例,然后在单因素基础上,选择三因素三水平响应面优化法,对发酵温度、发酵时间及菌株接种量进行中心组合试验设计(Box-Behnken),建立数学模型。结果表明:酵母菌、乳酸菌及霉菌的最佳混合浓度比例为1∶5∶3,最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度53.6℃,发酵时间13.46 d,混合发酵剂接种量2.69 m L/100g。优化后进行验证最终工艺条件为:温度54℃,发酵时间14 d,接种量2.5 m L/100g,发酵制备虾头酱的感官评价得分为7.64,氨基态氮浓度为(0.82±0.04)mg/m L。研究结果为虾副产物的高值化利用及虾头酱的快速发酵生产提供产业化基础。     

大豆蛋白限制性酶解模式与产品胶凝性的相关性

为了改善大豆蛋白的胶凝性,对大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白进行限制性酶解处理,并考察相应产品的蛋白酶酶解模式与胶凝性变化的相关性。该研究以蛋白质的水解度为指标,通过中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解作用,水解大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白至蛋白质水解度(DH)为1%、2%,考察酶性质、蛋白质的DH对产品胶凝性影响,并利用SDS-凝胶电泳进行确认。结果表明:大豆浓缩蛋白经中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性均显著下降;大豆分离蛋白经中性蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性在DH为1%时增加,但在DH为2%时下降;大豆分离蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解后,胶凝性显著改善。SDS-凝胶电泳确认,蛋白质的酶水解模式和水解度不同是导致产品胶凝性产生不同变化的原因。     

氮素形态对解磷细菌发酵液解磷效果及小白菜生长和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了施用硝态氮、铵态氮对解磷细菌发酵液不同组分解磷活性及其对小白菜产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施用相同氮肥时,浇灌解磷细菌原发酵液处理 T3的作用效果明显优于菌体悬浮液T2及菌液上清T1;以硝态氮为底肥时,施用发酵原液的土壤有效态磷含量较高,小白菜产量最高,品质明显优化,即硝态氮含量下降, Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、纤维素以及植株磷含量显著增加,且增加变幅均高于以铵态氮为底肥的效果。由此可知,硝态氮与解磷细菌发酵原液配施时, W1菌株解磷效果更好,可能是解磷菌株W1最适的氮源。因此,种植小白菜时直接向其根际施用解磷细菌发酵液并配施硝态氮肥,更有利于提高小白菜的品质及产量。     

凋落物及氮添加对针阔叶林土壤氮和水解氨基酸的影响

为探究凋落物对森林土壤氮的影响及氮沉降的调节,本研究以亚热带天然阔叶林(罗浮栲林)和人工针叶林(杉木林)2种林型土壤和凋落物为对象,分别设置土壤(对照)、土壤+凋落物(3倍添加)、土壤+氮(120 mg/kg)、土壤+凋落物(3倍添加)+氮(120 mg/kg) 4种处理,每种处理设置3个重复,进行为期一年的室内模拟淋溶试验,分析土壤可溶性氮和物理分级后各粒径土壤水解氨基酸变化。结果表明：与对照比较,阔叶林土壤添加凋落物处理增加土壤铵态氮和游离氨基酸,而降低硝态氮含量;氮添加降低针叶林土壤氨态氮,增加硝态氮含量,但是增加阔叶林土壤铵态氮和游离氨基酸;凋落物添加的情况下,氮添加显著增加阔叶林土壤硝态氮含量。土壤的各粒径组分分布比例差异显著,氮添加倾向于降低针叶林土壤大粒径、增加小粒径分配比例,而阔叶林相反。针叶林土壤添加凋落物显著增加土壤粒径组分2 000～250μm、20～2μm、<2μm水解氨基酸含量;氮添加增加针叶林全土、2 000～250μm和20～2μm粒径水解氨基酸含量;在凋落物添加或氮添加情况下,氮添加或凋落物显著降低全土、250～53μm、53～20μm粒径水解氨基...     

农作制度对黑河中游沙质土壤硝态氮积累及作物产量的影响

为研究沙地农田不同土壤耕作、覆盖方式和轮作对作物产量、土壤硝态氮含量及积累的影响,在黑河中游边缘绿洲典型沙地进行农田定位试验。试验结果表明,在沙地农田生态系统,相对传统的三耕两耱的耕作方式,减少秋耕对玉米和大豆产量没有显著影响;相对于地膜覆盖处理,麦秆覆盖处理使玉米减产11.3%～18.8%,使大豆产量增加6%;不同处理0～40cm土壤硝态氮积累量存在显著差异,作物收获后传统耕作处理土壤硝态氮的平均积累量比少耕处理低8.5%～22.7%,覆膜处理比覆麦秆处理低7.0%～8.8%,玉米连作处理比玉米-大豆轮作处理高54.9%。分析结果表明,减少秋耕、麦秆代替地膜覆盖均有利于土壤硝态氮在作物根系集中层的积累,玉米大豆轮作对土壤硝态氮积累和淋失的影响仍需进一步研究;该试验研究的继续深入将对维持绿洲农田环境的健康和提高沙地农田生态系统生产力提供重要的理论依据。     

尿素融合葡萄糖对潮土中尿素的水解及相关酶活性的影响

  【目的】  研究小分子有机物葡萄糖对尿素在石灰性潮土中的转化特征及相关土壤酶活性的影响，为小分子有机物在提高氮肥利用效率中的应用提供理论依据。  【方法】  将葡萄糖按0.5%、1%、5%和10%的比例与尿素熔融制成4种含葡萄糖尿素试验产品:GU0.5、GU1、GU5和GU10。采用土壤培养法，设置6个处理:不添加尿素对照 (CK)、普通尿素 (U) 和4种含葡萄糖尿素 (GU0.5、GU1、GU5、GU10)，除CK外，其它处理施氮量均为N 0.3 g/kg, 干土。肥料与土壤混匀装入培养瓶，于25℃下恒温培养，于培养第0.5、1、3、5、7、14及21天进行采样，进行土壤pH、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量以及土壤脲酶活性的测定。另外，第0.5、1、3与5天采集的土壤样品测定尿素态氮含量；第3、5与14天采集的土壤样品测定β-葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。  【结果】  1) 培养第0.5天，含葡萄糖尿素 (GU) 处理的土壤尿素态氮含量较普通尿素处理高了1.9%～12.2%；培养至第3天，含葡萄糖尿素加快了尿素的水解，且葡萄糖用量最高的尿素 (GU10) 水解最快；2) 培养至第3～7天，4种含葡萄糖尿素处理的土壤铵态氮含量较普通尿素处理提高了19.0%～26.2%，硝态氮含量提高了16.5%～30.9%；3) 与普通尿素处理相比，在培养至第3～14天，含葡萄糖尿素处理的土壤脲酶活性平均提高了6.9%～8.5%；培养至第3天，GU处理的土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著提高了6.3%～9.0%，GU10处理的土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性显著提高了21.3%；培养至第5天，GU5和GU10处理的土壤乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性显著提高了47.8%和52.4%；4) 在培养至第3天时，土壤铵态氮、矿质态氮含量与脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶以及乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关，硝态氮含量与β-葡萄糖苷酶活性呈极显著正相关，pH与β-葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性呈极显著负相关。  【结论】  将葡萄糖与尿素熔融结合为含葡萄糖尿素，可先减缓后促进尿素在潮土中的分解转化，增加了土壤矿质氮含量；施入土壤3～5天内对土壤脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性影响最大；矿质态氮在培养前期与相关土壤酶活性存在显著正相关关系，而土壤pH与相关土壤酶活性存在显著负相关关系。     

长期施肥对不同有机质水平黑土蛋白酶活性及氮素的影响

为了探讨长期施肥对不同有机质含量农田黑土酶活性及养分的影响。本研究以黑土生产力长期定位试验为平台,选取5个不同有机质含量农田黑土为研究对象,对比分析长期施用化肥对农田黑土土壤蛋白酶活性及相关土壤养分的影响。结果表明:5种不同有机质含量农田黑土蛋白酶活性随有机质含量的增加而递增;与长期无肥处理相比,施用化肥显著提高了农田黑土蛋白酶的活性。不同施肥处理间土壤全氮随有机质含量的降低而降低,铵态氮、硝态氮与全氮含量变化一致。相关分析显示,土壤蛋白酶活性与土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮均呈显著的正相关关系(P0.05)。土壤蛋白酶活性可以作为长期施用化肥农田黑土质量评价的灵敏指标。     

大豆生育期间土壤无机态氮与植株硝态氮变化规律的研究

试验以2个大豆品种,3种施氮肥水平(N0:0 kg hm-2、N75:75 kg hm-2、N150:150 kg hm-2),对大豆生育期间土壤无机态氮(铵态氮、硝态氮)与植株硝态氮含量及变化规律加以研究,结果表明,土壤中无机态氮与大豆植株中硝态氮含量均呈下降趋势,三种施氮肥水平相比,除土壤铵态氮含量表现为N150N75N0,土壤硝态氮与植株硝态氮含量在各氮肥水平处理间未表现出明显的差异,并且大豆茎、叶柄中硝态氮含量与土壤中硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.9316**;r=0.9355**),土壤铵态氮与土壤硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.8746**,)可以用茎、叶柄中硝态氮含量来表征土壤无机态氮营养状况。     

两步发酵法制备酸豆奶最佳条件研究

为得到不含增稠剂、氨基态氮和脂肪酸含量高、营养丰富、易吸收、稳定性好的发酵酸豆奶,研究了乳酸菌和少孢根霉发酵工艺顺序,并通过单因素试验和正交试验的矩阵分析方法,确定接种量、发酵初始p H值、发酵温度和发酵时间对产品氨基氮含量、感官评分和p H的影响。结果表明,发酵工艺最适顺序为先接种乳酸菌,再接种少孢根霉;最佳工艺条件为:大豆与水质量比1∶10磨浆,浆液中先接种4%乳酸菌,42℃发酵5 h、p H值降至4.5、酸豆奶冷却至31℃后,接种3%少孢根霉,发酵18 h。在该条件下制得的产品与单独乳酸菌发酵的产品相比,冷藏后脂肪含量下降明显,为55.8%,脂肪酸含量提高了50.3%。本研究为酸豆奶的工艺改进提供理论依据。     

猪粪沼液中氨态氮含量的影响因素实验研究

通过猪粪在不同工艺条件下的厌氧发酵实验,研究了以猪粪为发酵原料所产沼液中氨态氮含量的各种影响因素及其最优发酵工艺技术。沼液中的氨态氮含量随发酵时间呈增长趋势,发酵温度为15℃时的增长速度缓慢,而发酵温度为30℃以上时的增长明显加速,适宜的搅拌速度和较高的原料浓度也有利于氨态氮含量的迅速增加。并且,pH值对沼液中的氨态氮含量有较大影响,发酵液呈酸性时的沼液中氨态氮含量随发酵时间逐渐减少,而碱性发酵液的沼液中氨态氮含量随发酵时间不断增加。沼液中氨态氮含量达到最大时的可控发酵工艺条件为：发酵时间,5 d;发酵温度：30℃;原料浓度,3.7%。     

Immunoreactivity and amino acid content of fermented soybean products

Food allergy has become a public health problem that continues to challenge both the public and the food industry. The objective of this research was the detection and quantification of the major human allergenic soy proteins and to study the reduction in immunoreactivity and improvement of amino acid content after fermentation of soybean flour. Fermentation was carried out in the solid state of cracked seeds inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, and Bacillus subtilis and in the liquid state of milled soybean flours fermented naturally by microorganisms present only in the seeds or by inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum. ELISA and Western blot were used to quantify IgE antibody response, and HPLC was used to identify and quantify total amino acids. L. plantarum fermented soy flour showed the highest reduction in IgE immunoreactivity (96-99%) depending upon the sensitivity of the plasma used. Among the solid fermented products, the lowest reduction in immunoreactivity was obtained when mold strains, R. oryzae and A. oryzae, were used (66 and 68%, respectively, for human plasma 97.5 kUA/L). Among the solid fermented products, those inoculated with B. subtilis yielded a 81 and 86% reduction in immunoreactivity against both human plasma 97.5 IgE kUA/L and human pooled plasma samples, respectively. When soybean was subjected to liquid fermentation, most of the total amino acids increased significantly ( p < or = 0.05). In solid fermentation with R. oryzae, only Ala and Thr content improved. Fermentation can decrease soy immunoreactivity, and there is potential of developing nutritious hypoallergenic soy products.     

Production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by fermentation of chickpeas, with the evaluation of the anticoagulant and antioxidant properties of chickpeas

To develop safe and cheap thrombolytic agents, a fibrinolytic enzyme productive strain of LSSE-62 was isolated from Chinese soybean paste. This strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis showed that this fibrinolytic enzyme was identical to subtilisin DJ-4. Chickpeas were used as the substrate for fibrinolytic enzyme production from B. amyloliquefaciens in solid-state fermentation. Under the optimized conditions (34 °C and 50% initial moisture content), the fibrinolytic activity of fermented chickpeas reached 39.28 fibrin degradation units (FU)/g. Additionally, the fermented chickpeas showed anticoagulant activity, and the purified anticoagulant component showed higher anticoagulant activity than heparin sodium. After fermentation, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents increased by 222 and 71%, respectively, and then the antioxidant activities were improved significantly. This study provided a novel method for the preparation of multifunctional food of chickpeas or raw materials for the preparation of functional food additives and potential drugs.     

Frequency of soy food consumption and serum isoflavone concentrations among Chinese women in Shanghai

OBJECTIVE: The food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) can be an efficient tool to evaluate dietary intake in large, population-based studies, especially for specific foods. The objective of this study was to validate the assessment of soy and isoflavone (daidzein and genistein) intakes, measured by an FFQ, by comparing intakes with serum isoflavone concentrations. DESIGN AND SETTING: Soy and isoflavone intakes and serum isoflavone concentrations were determined as part of a case-control study of dietary factors and risks of benign breast disease and breast cancer. The FFQ, administered during an in-person interview, included six soy-specific line items. Blood was drawn within one week of FFQ completion. SUBJECTS: In total, 1823 women living in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. RESULTS: In this population, soybean milk, fresh bean curd and other bean foods were eaten once per week, and fermented bean curd, fried bean curd puff and soybeans were eaten less than once per week. A significant linear trend (P<0.01) in serum isoflavone concentrations across increasing categories of soy and isoflavone intakes was observed, indicating that soy and isoflavone intakes, measured by the FFQ, well distinguished serum isoflavone concentrations. Linear trends were also observed in both case and control groups in stratified analyses, suggesting little differential bias by case-control status. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the FFQ provides a useful marker of soy food consumption and isoflavone exposure in this population.     

Variations in isoflavone levels in soy foods and soy protein isolates and issues related to isoflavone databases and food labeling

The reliability of databases on the isoflavone composition of foods designed to estimate dietary intakes is contingent on the assumption that soy foods are consistent in their isoflavone content. To validate this, total and individual isoflavone compositions were determined by HPLC for two different soy protein isolates used in the commercial manufacture of soy foods over a 3-year period (n = 30/isolate) and 85 samples of 40 different brands of soy milks. Total isoflavone concentrations differed markedly between the soy protein isolates, varying by 200-300% over 3 years, whereas the protein content varied by only 3%. Total isoflavone content varied by up to 5-fold among different commercial soy milks and was not consistent between repeat purchases. Whole soybean milks had significantly higher isoflavone levels than those made from soy protein isolates (mean +/- SD, 63.6 +/- 21.9 mg/L, n = 43, vs 30.2 +/- 5.8 mg/L, n = 38, respectively, p < 0.0001), although some isolated soy protein-based milks were similar in content to "whole bean" varieties. The ratio of genistein to daidzein isoflavone forms was higher in isolated soy protein-based versus "whole bean" soy milks (2.72 +/- 0.24 vs 1.62 +/- 0.47, respectively, p < 0.0001), and the greatest variability in isoflavone content was observed among brands of whole bean soy milks. These studies illustrate large variability in the isoflavone content of isolated soy proteins used in food manufacture and in commercial soy milks and reinforce the need to accurately determine the isoflavone content of foods used in dietary intervention studies while exposing the limitations of food databases for estimating daily isoflavone intakes.     

Selected odor compounds in soymilk as affected by chemical composition and lipoxygenases in five soybean materials

Protein, fat content, and beany odor affect consumers' choice of soy foods. Our objective was to characterize protein, lipid, and lipoxygenase activities and fatty acid compositions in food soybeans and to determine how chemical composition and enzyme activities related to the generation of beany odor components, including hexanal, hexanol, trans-2-nonenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and trans-2,trans-4-decadienal in soymilk. Protein, lipid, and fatty acid compositions and lipoxygenase activities of five soybean materials, including Proto, IA2032, IA 2064, IA3017, and L-Star varieties, were analyzed. Soymilk was prepared by a traditional method involving soaking, grinding, and cooking processes. Selected odor compounds in raw and cooked soymilk were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Results showed that soybeans differed in crude protein and lipid content, lipoxygenase activities, and fatty acid compositions. L-Star had the highest and Proto the lowest lipid content among the five soybean cultivars. Protein content, lipoxygenases, and linoleic acid were positively correlated with beany odor content in soymilk made from the selected soybean materials. After boiling for 20 min, the soymilk made from L-Star and IA2032 retained the lowest odor profiles among the soymilk products made from the five selected materials.     

黑豆丹贝发酵前后香气、酚类物质及抗氧化活性分析

为了丰富丹贝品种并提高黑豆食品加工利用率,本试验以少孢根霉(Rhizopus oligosporus)发酵制备黑豆丹贝,测定其基本营养成分和香气成分,并分析不同发酵时间黑豆丹贝中麦角固醇、氨基酸态氮、10 kDa以下肽、总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量及蛋白质水解度抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明,与未发酵样品相比,发酵后黑豆丹贝中灰分、粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05),水分、粗蛋白含量有显著变化(P<0.05);发酵后黑豆丹贝中共检出24种香气成分,较未发酵样品多14种,且发酵后新检出醛类、烃类和酯类三类香气成分;黑豆丹贝发酵过程中麦角固醇含量先上升后下降,在33 h达到最大值911.39 μg·g^-1; 发酵15 h氨基酸态氮、10 kDa以下肽含量和蛋白质水解度显著增加(P<0.05),最大值分别为0.87 g·100g^-1、335.60 mg·g^-1和29.43%。此外,发酵结束后黑豆丹贝的总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量分别为2.23、0.70和2.22 mg·g^-1, 显著高于未发酵样品(P<0.05),且总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量与抗氧化活性密切相关。本研究结果为黑豆丹贝的开发提供了理论依据。     

Nutritional and health benefits of soy proteins

Soy protein is a major component of the diet of food-producing animals and is increasingly important in the human diet. However, soy protein is not an ideal protein because it is deficient in the essential amino acid methionine. Methionine supplementation benefits soy infant formulas, but apparently not food intended for adults with an adequate nitrogen intake. Soy protein content of another essential amino acid, lysine, although higher than that of wheat proteins, is still lower than that of the milk protein casein. Adverse nutritional and other effects following consumption of raw soybean meal have been attributed to the presence of endogenous inhibitors of digestive enzymes and lectins and to poor digestibility. To improve the nutritional quality of soy foods, inhibitors and lectins are generally inactivated by heat treatment or eliminated by fractionation during food processing. Although lectins are heat-labile, the inhibitors are more heat-stable than the lectins. Most commercially heated meals retain up to 20% of the Bowman-Birk (BBI) inhibitor of chymotrypsin and trypsin and the Kunitz inhibitor of trypsin (KTI). To enhance the value of soybeans in human nutrition and health, a better understanding is needed of the factors that impact the nutrition and health-promoting aspects of soy proteins. This paper discusses the composition in relation to properties of soy proteins. Also described are possible beneficial and adverse effects of soy-containing diets. The former include soy-induced lowering of cholesterol, anticarcinogenic effects of BBI, and protective effects against obesity, diabetes, irritants of the digestive tract, bone, and kidney diseases, whereas the latter include poor digestibility and allergy to soy proteins. Approaches to reduce the concentration of soybean inhibitors by rearrangement of protein disulfide bonds, immunoassays of inhibitors in processed soy foods and soybean germplasm, the roles of phytoestrogenic isoflavones and lectins, and research needs in all of these areas are also discussed. This integrated overview of the widely scattered literature emphasizes general concepts based on our own studies as well as recent studies by others. It is intended to stimulate interest in further research to optimize beneficial effects of soy proteins. The payoff will be healthier humans and improved animal feeds.     

Isoflavone levels in soy foods consumed by multiethnic populations in Singapore and Hawaii.

Concentrations and glucosidic conjugation patterns of isoflavones were determined in soy foods consumed by multiethnic populations in Singapore and Hawaii. Six raw and 11 cooked food groups traditionally consumed in Singapore and 8 food groups consumed in Hawaii were analyzed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Mean total isoflavone levels varied between 35 and 7500 ppm, with the lowest values found in soy milk and burgers and the highest levels observed in soybean and its seeds and in supplements. Total isoflavone levels and conjugation patterns varied as a function of soybean variety, storage conditions, and food processing. A large contribution to the differences in total isoflavone content between food groups was due to the water content in foods and to leaching of polar analytes into the water phase during boiling. Soy protein drinks and traditional soy foods were found to possess very similar isoflavone amounts considering usual serving sizes.     

Immunoassays of soy proteins

Proteins of soybeans (Glycine max) are widely used in animal and human nutrition. In addition to the bulk of the seed storage proteins, which are classified as albumins and globulins, approximately 6% of soybean proteins are classified as inhibitors of trypsin and chymotrypsin and approximately 0.5% are sugar-binding lectins. The two major classes of inhibitors are the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, which inhibits trypsin, and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), which inhibits both trypsin and chymotrypsin. Unless removed or inactivated, these inhibitors and lectins can impair the nutritional quality and safety of soy-based diets. On the other hand, several studies suggest that BBI can also function as an anticarcinogen, possibly through interaction with a cellular serine protease. Good-quality soybean proteins contribute to the nutritional value of many specialty foods including infant soy formulas and milk replacers for calves, and provide texture to many processed foods. However, they may also induce occasional allergic responses in humans. This paper outlines immunoassays developed to analyze for soy proteins in different soybean lines, in processed foods, and in nonsoy foods fortified with soy proteins. An assessment of the current status of immunoassays, especially of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for soybean inhibitors of digestive enzymes, soy globulins, and soy lectins, demonstrates the usefulness of these methods in plant and food sciences and in medicine.     

Determination of 15 isoflavone isomers in soy foods and supplements by high-performance liquid chromatography

Soy isoflavone is the generic name for the isoflavones found in soy. We determined the concentrations of 15 soy isoflavone species, including 3 succinyl glucosides, in 22 soy foods and isoflavone supplements by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total isoflavone contents in 14 soy foods and 8 supplements ranged from 45 to 735 μg/g and from 1,304 to 90,224 μg/g, respectively. Higher amounts of succinyl glucosides were detected in natto, a typical fermented soy product in Japan; these ranged from 30 to 80 μg/g and comprised 4.1-10.9% of the total isoflavone content. In soy powder, 59 μg/g of succinyl glucosides were detected, equivalent to 4.6% of the total isoflavone content. These data suggest that the total isoflavone contents may be underestimated in the previous studies that have not included succinyl glucosides, especially for Bacillus subtilis -fermented soy food products.