速补钙磷对白唇鹿发病率的影响

对65只白唇鹿在补饲过程中添加速补钙磷,结果表明补饲过程中添加速补钙磷的试验组与对照组相比,对白唇鹿异食癖,提高鹿茸产量、降低鹿软骨病骨质疏松、瘫痪等作用显著。平均每只鹿鹿茸产量增加139.5g。鹿软骨病、瘫痪下降1.48%、异食癖发病率降为零。鹿羔月体重平均增2.5kg。     

饲粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。选取(130±10)日龄体重相近的健康雌性水貂90只,随机分为9组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因子试验设计,设3个磷水平分别为1.0%、1.4%、1.8%,3个钙磷比分别为1.0、1.5、2.0,配制9种试验饲粮,9种试验饲粮的钙、磷水平实测值如下:1.03%钙、0.97%磷(Ⅰ组),1.47%钙、0.98%磷(Ⅱ组),1.98%钙、0.99%磷(Ⅲ组),1.45%钙、1.37%磷(Ⅳ组),2.08%钙、1.38%磷(Ⅴ组),2.79%钙、1.38%磷(Ⅵ组),1.81%钙、1.75%磷(Ⅶ组),2.70%钙、1.79%磷(Ⅷ组),3.59%钙、1.80%磷(Ⅸ组)。预试期10 d,正试期67 d。结果表明:1)饲粮磷水平和钙磷比以及二者的交互作用极显著影响冬毛期水貂的末重、平均日增重(P0.01)。Ⅴ组的末重、平均日增重极显著高于其他组(P0.01)。2)干物质、蛋白质、脂肪消化率有随着饲粮钙磷比和磷水平的升高先增加后降低的趋势,且均在Ⅲ组达到最大值。3)饲粮磷水平和钙磷比以及二者的交互作用对冬毛期水貂食入氮、尿氮、粪氮、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值的影响不显著(P0.05)。4)随着饲粮磷水平的升高,粪钙含量随之增加,组间差异极显著(P0.01);Ⅷ、Ⅸ组粪钙含量显著或极显著高于除Ⅶ组外的其他各组(P0.05或P0.01)。随着饲粮磷水平的升高,粪磷含量随之增加,组间差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01);饲粮钙磷比为2.0时粪磷含量最低,极显著低于饲粮钙磷比为1.0和1.5时(P0.01);Ⅷ、Ⅸ组粪磷含量显著或极显著高于除Ⅶ组外的其他各组(P0.05或P0.01)。饲粮磷水平和钙磷比极显著影响钙消化率(P0.01)。随着饲粮钙磷比的升高,钙消化率极显著升高(P0.01)。Ⅲ组钙消化率最高,极显著高于除Ⅵ和Ⅸ组外的其他各组(P0.01)。饲粮磷水平和钙磷比对磷消化率的影响不显著(P0.05),但二者的交互作用对磷消化率有显著影响(P0.05)。磷消化率以Ⅰ组最低,Ⅲ组最高。综合各项指标,从降低饲粮成本、保护环境和维持冬毛期水貂生长性能的角度出发,饲粮磷水平在1.4%、钙磷比在1.5~2.0时较为适宜。     

钙磷代谢对动物骨骼健康影响的研究进展

骨骼构成机体结构的基本框架,骨形成和骨吸收的动态平衡关系到骨骼健康。钙和磷是动物体骨骼生长发育过程中重要的矿物质元素,机体对其吸收与调控直接影响骨代谢过程。血钙和血磷水平的变化,改变了机体相关调节激素的分泌,而这些激素可影响骨骼发育,因此,钙、磷代谢与骨骼健康紧密相关。综合国内外钙、磷代谢和骨代谢等方面的研究,从钙、磷的吸收和代谢,含量和比例以及钙磷代谢相关调节激素对骨骼发育的调控机制等方面进行综述,旨在为后续动物钙、磷代谢和骨骼之间调控的研究提供参考。     

低蛋白、低钙磷日粮添加苯甲酸对生长肥猪生长性能及钙磷代谢的影响

文章旨在研究日粮降低粗蛋白质、钙和磷水平,同时添加苯甲酸对仔猪生长性能、钙磷代谢的影响。试验采用2×2多因素试验设计,选择平均体重接近12 kg的保育猪500头,分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复25头猪。试验日粮共4个,即低水平日粮(低蛋白、低钙磷)组,高水平日粮组(高蛋白、高钙磷),低水平日粮+15 g/kg苯甲酸组,高水平日粮+15 g/kg苯甲酸组。低水平日粮组较高水平日粮组显著降低了仔猪的生长速度(P <0.05),使25 kg阶段仔猪的采食量显著降低了13%(P <0.05)。低水平日粮添加苯甲酸较较高水平日粮组显著降低了25和40 kg猪尿液pH(P <0.05)。低水平组显著降低了钙、磷摄入量及粪中钙磷含量(P <0.05)。日粮添加苯甲酸可以显著降低尿钙排泄量和提高尿磷排泄量(P <0.05)。低水平日粮显著提高了血清钙水平及碱性磷酸酶活性(P <0.05)。低水平日粮组显著降低了血清磷水平(P <0.05),而高水平日粮+苯甲酸组较高水平日粮组显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活力和血清磷水平(P <0.05)。日粮添加苯甲酸可以影响磷的消化率,提供仔猪生长早期血清碱性磷酸酶活力,对生长后期猪的骨矿化无显著影响。     

The effect of short-term phytase supplementation on the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the reproductive performance of late gestation and lactating sows fed diets without mineral phosphorus

The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late gestation and lactating sows. A total of 45 late gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P < 0.001), while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5–375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07–0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late gestation sows.     

内源磷和磷的真消化率评定方法

磷(P)是动物体内必需的矿物质元素,具有重要的生物学功能。但是,磷的过多又会造成浪费和环境污染。只有磷的真消化率才能够更准确、真实地反映动物对磷的消化吸收情况。因此准确测定内源磷的排泄量和准确测定磷真消化率已经变得至关重要。本文介绍了几种测定内源磷和磷真消化率评定方法。     

脂肪酸钙对奶牛血清钙、磷和羟脯氨酸含量的影响

选择产奶量、胎次、分娩时间相近的荷斯坦奶牛12头,采用单因子随机分组设计,试验分A、B、C3组,A组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,B组为基础日粮+100g脂肪酸钙,C组为基础日粮+200g脂肪酸钙。每周测定一次血清钙、磷和羟脯氨酸的含量。结果奶牛血清磷和羟脯氨酸的含量差异不显著(P>0.05),添加200g脂肪酸钙,血清钙在4周后显著升高(P<0.05)。表明:脂肪酸钙不影响奶牛血清磷和血清羟脯氨酸的含量。在日粮中添加200g脂肪酸钙4周以后,有利于促进机体对钙的吸收。     

饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马体重、胸围、营养物质表观消化率和代谢以及血浆生理生化指标的影响,为确定泌乳期伊犁母马钙、磷适宜需要量提供参考。选取年龄(11~14周岁)、体重[(371±21)kg]和胎次(4~6胎)接近的处于第2泌乳月的伊犁母马25匹,随机分为5组,每组5匹。第3泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为45.03、48.50、51.96、55.43和58.89 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为30.05、32.03、34.01、35.99和37.97 g/d;第4和第5泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为43.60、46.42、49.25、52.07和54.92 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为27.63、29.24、30.86、32.47和34.12 g/d。试验为期90 d,每30 d为1个试验周期。结果显示:饲粮钙、磷水平对母马体重和胸围以及干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高12.26%、12.37%和18.28%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高8.32%、7.19%和11.24%(P0.05);Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的钙表观消化率分别较Ⅳ组提高17.74%和14.49%(P0.05);Ⅲ组的磷表观消化率最高,比Ⅱ组提高35.39%(P0.05)。饲粮钙、磷水平对母马氮和钙代谢均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅰ组的代谢能较Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别增加7.95%和11.33%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的能量沉积率较Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别提高9.30%、8.50%和12.10%(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷沉积量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),其中Ⅲ组在各组中最高,比Ⅱ组提高42.59%;Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的磷沉积率显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P0.05),其中Ⅰ组在各组中最高,分别比Ⅱ和Ⅳ组提高49.67%和46.32%;Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷利用率显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),分别比Ⅱ组提高17.74%、18.80%和16.79%。饲粮钙、磷水平对血浆中离子钙、磷、降钙素、骨钙素、胎盘催乳素、垂体泌乳素、雌二醇、孕酮和雌酮水平均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅲ组的血浆中甲状旁腺素水平显著高于Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P0.05),分别提高70.61%和47.58%。由此得出,Ⅰ组饲粮(在第3泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为45.03和30.05 g/d,第4和第5泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为43.60和27.63 g/d)即可满足伊犁母马泌乳期的钙、磷需要。适宜的饲粮钙、磷水平有助于维持较高水平的能量和钙的表观消化率以及能量和磷的沉积和利用。     

维生素D代谢物调节钙代谢的机理及其应用

维生素D代谢物可调节钙离子吸收,影响动物骨骼的形成与构造。本文旨在简要介绍维生素D的代谢途径、生理功能及维生素D代谢物调节钙离子吸收的分子机理,并总结维生素D代谢物在畜禽生产中的应用。     

鱼类对饵料中磷需要量的研究进展

磷在鱼类生长、代谢、骨骼矿化过程中发挥重要作用.因水中磷的含量低且鱼类对水中的磷利用率很低,鱼类所需的磷大部分源于摄食的饵料.文章从鱼类饵料中磷的来源与形式、不同形式磷的利用率、适宜的钙磷比、磷需要量的评价指标以及海水鱼与淡水鱼对饵料中磷的需要量等方面进行综述,为研究鱼类对饵料中磷的需要量提供参考.     

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and Tibia Indexes of Broilers

The effects of Clostridium butyricum on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and tibia indexes in broiler chickens were evaluated in this study.One hundred eighty 1-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly allotted to three groups:the control group,antibiotic group and Clostridium butyricum group with six replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed with the basic diet,while the antibiotic group was fed with 5 mg/kg of flavomycin,75 mg/kg of aureomycin and 20 mg/kg of kitasamycin.Clostridium butyricum group was fed with 2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum in the basic diet for 42 days.The results showed that:Compared with the control group,①the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum did not significantly affect serum calcium and phosphorus level of broilers (P>0.05),and adding antibiotic significantly increased serum calcium level of 21-day-old broilers(P<0.05).②The addition of Clostridium butyricum increased tibia strength at 21-day-old (P<0.05),and phosphorus content of tibia at 42-day-old (P<0.01).③The supplementation of Clostridium butyricum extremely significantly decreased the phosphorus content in feces of 21-day-old broilers (P<0.01),and had no significant difference with ATB group (P>0.05).The supplementation of Clostridium butyricum increased calcium content (P<0.01) and phosphorus content (P<0.05) in feces of 42-day-old broilers.Based on the above results,adding 2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum could improve the tibia development,increase the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus by broilers,and efficiently reduce the calcium and phosphorus excretion of 21-day-old broilers,but not for 42-day-old broilers.     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡钙磷代谢和胫骨指标的影响

试验通过在基础日粮中添加丁酸梭菌,研究其对肉鸡钙磷代谢和胫骨指标的影响。选择1日龄180只健康AA肉鸡,随机分入3个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,分别为对照组、抗生素组（ATB）和丁酸梭菌组（CB）。对照组饲喂基础日粮,ATB组在基础日粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素、75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg吉他霉素,CB组在基础日粮中添加2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg丁酸梭菌,试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,①CB组肉鸡血清钙（Ca）、磷（P）含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,21日龄ATB组肉鸡血清钙含量显著提高（P<0.05）;②21日龄CB组肉鸡胫骨强度显著提高（P<0.05）;42日龄CB组肉鸡胫骨磷含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;③21日龄CB组肉鸡排泄物中磷含量极显著降低（P<0.01）,并与ATB组无显著差异;42日龄CB组肉鸡排泄物中钙含量极显著提高（P<0.01）,排泄物中磷含量显著提高（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,在AA肉鸡基础日粮中添加2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg丁酸梭菌有利于改善肉鸡的胫骨发育,改善肉鸡对钙、磷的吸收利用,能有效降低21日龄肉鸡钙、磷排泄量,但并未降低42日龄肉鸡排泄物中钙、磷含量。     

Bone Mineral Changes in Dairy Cows: The Effect of Low and High Calcium Feeding During the High Yielding Period*

Bone mineral content in two coccygeal vertebrae of 14 cows of Swedish Red and White Breed were investigated using the dichromatic photon absorptiometry. The investigation started at parturition and continued for 120 days. Each animal received a controlled amount of hay, ensilage and concentrate, and the milk yield was measured and registered. Seven cows (group L) received Ca and P close to the ARC standard. The other seven cows (group H) received a 30 % higher amount of Ca and P (15–20 % above Swedish standard) than the ones in group L. The bone mineral content in group L decreased by 10 % up to 90 days postpartum, and thereafter increased. In group H, the mean bone mineral content increased.     

饲粮维生素D和钙水平对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究在钙磷比固定的条件下,饲粮维生素D和钙水平对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。选取(60±5)日龄健康短毛黑公水貂117只,随机分成9组,每组13个重复,每个重复1只。试验采用3×3双因素随机试验设计,饲粮钙磷比固定为2,设3个维生素D水平,分别为2 100、4 100、6 100 IU/kg,3个钙水平,分别为2.3%、2.7%、3.1%,共配制9种试验饲粮,9种饲粮的钙与维生素D水平分别为2.3%与2 100 IU/kg(Ⅰ组)、2.3%与4 100 IU/kg(Ⅱ组)、2.3%与6 100 IU/kg(Ⅲ组)、2.7%与2 100 IU/kg(Ⅳ组)、2.7%与4 100 IU/kg(Ⅴ组)、2.7%与6 100 IU/kg(Ⅵ组)、3.1%与2 100 IU/kg(Ⅶ组)、3.1%与4 100 IU/kg(Ⅷ组)、3.1%与6 100 IU/kg(Ⅸ组)。预试期13 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮维生素D和钙水平对育成期水貂的末重、平均日增重、料重比均有极显著的影响(P0.01),末重、平均日增重均以Ⅷ组最高,Ⅰ组最低,料重比以Ⅷ组最低,Ⅰ组最高。2)育成期水貂脂肪消化率组间差异极显著(P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组极显著高于Ⅶ、Ⅷ组(P0.01)。饲粮钙水平对育成期水貂干物质排出量有显著影响(P0.05),以钙水平为3.1%时最高;饲粮钙水平对育成期水貂脂肪消化率有极显著影响(P0.01),钙水平为3.1%时极显著低于钙水平为2.3%和2.7%时(P0.01)。饲粮维生素D水平极显著影响育成期水貂的干物质排出量(P0.01),以维生素D水平为4 100 IU/kg时最低;饲粮维生素D水平显著影响育成期水貂的干物质消化率、脂肪消化率(P0.05),二者均以维生素D水平为4 100 IU/kg时最高。3)饲粮钙水平对育成期水貂的氮沉积有显著影响(P0.05),且氮沉积呈现随饲粮钙水平的升高而增加的趋势,以钙水平为3.1%时最高。饲粮维生素D水平对育成期水貂的净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值有显著影响(P0.05),且均以维生素D水平为4 100 IU/kg时最高。饲粮维生素D和钙水平对育成期水貂的净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值均有显著的交互作用(P0.05),二者以Ⅷ组最高。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,饲粮中钙磷比为2、维生素D水平为4 100 IU/kg、钙水平为3.1%时,育成期水貂可以获得较好的生长性能、较高的营养物质消化率及氮利用率。     

饲喂不同钙、磷水平饲粮对妊娠后期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂不同钙、磷水平饲粮对伊犁马妊娠后期营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响,为明确伊犁马在妊娠后期对钙、磷的适宜需要量提供参考。试验选取年龄、胎次、体重相近且无亲缘关系、处于妊娠后期的伊犁母马25匹,按照体重随机分为5组,每组5匹。饲粮钙和磷饲喂量分别为36.00和26.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅰ组)、39.00和28.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅱ组)、42.00和30.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅲ组)、45.00和32.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅳ组)以及48.00和34.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅴ组)。饲养试验为期30 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期20 d。试验期间采集各组饲粮、剩料、粪便和尿液样本用于测定常规营养成分含量,试验结束后采集空腹血样以测定血浆生理生化指标。结果表明:饲粮钙、磷水平对各营养物质的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05),对总能、氮、钙、磷的保留率及可消化能、可消化氮、可消化磷的利用率均无显著影响(P0.05),对血浆中离子钙、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素、胎盘催乳素、垂体泌乳素、孕酮、甲状腺素、三碘甲状腺氨酸和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ水平亦无显著影响(P0.05)。此外,饲粮钙、磷水平对血浆中肌酐、尿素氮、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸的水平也无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮Ⅰ、饲粮Ⅱ和饲粮Ⅲ组可消化钙利用率显著高于饲粮Ⅴ组(P0.05),当饲粮钙、磷水平分别超过42.00和30.30 g/d时,可消化钙的利用率逐渐下降。饲粮Ⅱ和饲粮Ⅴ组母马血浆中磷水平显著高于饲粮Ⅳ组(P0.05)。除饲粮Ⅴ组外,随着饲粮钙、磷水平的增加,血浆中降钙素水平有升高的趋势(P0.10)。饲粮Ⅱ和饲粮Ⅳ组血浆中雌二醇水平显著低于饲粮Ⅰ组(P0.05),饲粮Ⅲ组则显著低于饲粮Ⅰ和饲粮Ⅴ组(P0.05)。血浆中雌酮水平的变化规律与雌二醇一致。此外,提高饲粮钙、磷水平可增加血浆中生长激素的水平,除饲粮Ⅲ组外,其他各组血浆中生长激素水平均显著高于饲粮Ⅰ组(P0.05)。由此可见,当饲粮钙水平在36.00~48.00 g/d、磷水平在26.30~34.30 g/d之间时,增加饲粮钙、磷水平不影响妊娠后期伊犁马营养物质的消化代谢,但血浆中雌二醇和雌酮水平降低,而生长激素水平增加。     

Influence of high phosphorus intake on salivary and plasma concentrations,and urinary phosphorus excretion in mature ponies

This study addressed the question whether the concentration of phosphorus (P) in saliva of ponies is influenced by P intake. Six ponies were fed a diet high in P (HP treatment), providing 21 g P/day, and a diet low in P (LP treatment), supplying 7 g P/day. The two diets provided approximately 21 g calcium (Ca) and 6 g magnesium (Mg)/day. The experiment had an A‐B‐A design with treatment periods of 30 days. The ponies first received the HP diet (HP1), followed by the LP treatment and were then fed again the HP diet (HP2). Urinary P excretion was increased in both HP feeding periods and equalled approximately 7% of P intake vs. 0.5% on the LP diet. Plasma P concentration was higher for the HP treatment. The salivary P concentration ranged from 0 to 1.01 mmol P/l between ponies and there was no effect of P intake. It is suggested that saliva is not an important excretion route of P. The percentage of Ca and Mg in urine (% of intake) was higher for the LP treatment than for the HP treatments. The results of this study suggest that salivary Mg may contribute to Mg homeostasis.     

杂交野猪适宜日粮磷水平与钙磷比例的研究

选用纯种野公猪与杜洛克母猪的杂交后代含50%野猪血缘的42日龄杂交野猪36头,随机分成9组,试验为双因子3水平(3×3)析因安排分组,完全随机区组设计,每个因子3个水平,共9个处理。结果显示,不同磷水平与钙磷比例对各处理组的平均日耗料量、平均日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同钙磷比例水平下对血清钙的影响差异极显著(P<0.01),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清钙影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同日粮钙磷比例对血清磷水平差异显著(P<0.05),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清磷影响显著(P<0.05);0.4%的日粮磷水平与0.6%的磷水平对血清AKP活性影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

日粮维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究当日粮钙磷比一定时,维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。随机选取（135±5）日龄、健康雄性水貂117只,分成9组,每组13个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因素随机试验设计,设3个维生素D水平,分别为2 300、4 300、6 300 IU/kg;设3个钙水平,分别为2.0%、2.4%、2.8%,钙磷比固定为1.7∶1,配制9组试验日粮,分别为：Ⅰ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅱ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅲ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅳ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅴ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅵ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅶ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）、Ⅷ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）、Ⅸ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）。预试期13 d,正试期60 d。结果表明：①各组水貂料重比差异极显著（P<0.01）,Ⅱ组最低。钙水平对料重比有显著影响（P<0.05）,维生素D水平对料重比有极显著影响（P<0.01）。②钙水平可极显著影响粗脂肪消化率（P<0.01）,其中2.8%水平极显著低于2.0%和2.4%水平（P<0.01）。③日粮维生素D和钙水平对水貂氮代谢指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。④各组水貂粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率均差异极显著（P<0.01）,其中Ⅱ组钙消化率、磷消化率最高,Ⅲ组次之。钙水平可极显著影响粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率（P<0.01）,2.0%水平可极显著降低粪钙、粪磷含量（P<0.01）,极显著提高钙消化率及磷消化率（P<0.01）。维生素D水平对钙消化率影响显著（P<0.05）,对粪磷、磷消化率影响极显著（P<0.01）,2 300~4 300 IU/kg维生素D水平有利于提高钙消化率、磷消化率,降低粪磷含量。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,日粮中钙磷比为1.7∶1,维生素D水平为2 300~4 300 IU/kg、钙水平为2.0%时,冬毛期水貂料重比及钙、磷排放量较低,而粗脂肪、钙、磷消化率较高。     

饲粮钙磷水平对乌骨鸡生长性能及胫骨灰分含量的影响

为了得到乌骨鸡适宜的饲粮钙磷水平,将2250只乌骨鸡随机分为5组,设置不同饲粮钙磷水平,测定其对乌骨鸡生长性能及胫骨灰分含量的影响。研究结果表明,根据乌骨鸡的生长性能及胫骨灰分含量的数据分析,乌骨鸡饲粮1~25日龄钙水平0.90%、非植酸磷水平0.40%,26~45日龄钙水平0.85%、非植酸磷水平0.36%,46~65日龄钙水平0.80%、非植酸磷水平0.33%已完全满足其生长和骨骼发育的需要,高于此钙磷水平对乌骨鸡骨骼发育和生长性能无明显改善。