禾本科草坪草混播天蓝苜蓿、小苜蓿的效果研究

利用综合评定分析的方法评价匍匐型天蓝苜蓿（Medicago minima L.）、小苜蓿（Medicago lupulina L.）与禾本科草坪草（草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis L.）、多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.））混播后绿地草坪的品质;同时研究它们的植株生长和根系分布,探讨豆禾混播对禾本科草坪景观的影响。结果表明：天蓝苜蓿、小苜蓿与禾本科草坪草混播可以促进禾本科草坪草生长,豆禾混播草坪性能优于禾禾混播,其中天蓝苜蓿与这两种禾本科草坪草混播效果佳,可形成致密、颜色均一的绿地草坪;在叶色上,天蓝苜蓿适合与叶片颜色较深的禾本科草坪草混播,而小苜蓿则适合与叶片颜色较浅的禾本科草坪草混播;混播草坪中豆科根系分布较深,禾本科根系分布较浅,豆禾混播可利用不同土层的营养物质;两种豆科植物较适宜的播量均为2 g·m^-2,与禾本科草坪草混播最佳的播种时间为秋季。综合分析认为,天蓝苜蓿、小苜蓿与禾本科草坪草混播可以建造优质、美观的绿地草坪。     

川西南山原地区高产人工草地建植技术研究

通过对白三叶、多年生黑麦草等9个草种的18个品种进行混播,得出豆科牧草年鲜草产量大于禾本科牧草,其中以豆科牧草白三叶的Lisepa品种年鲜草产量最高,为122 279.4 kg/hm2。同时禾本科与豆科牧草混播,施磷可使草群中白三叶明显增加,增产显著。氮、磷混合施用,施氮180 kg/hm2、磷120 kg/hm2时增产鲜草21 429.0 kg/hm2,干物质收获量达14 656.5 kg/hm2以上。     

宁夏绿洲禾豆牧草混播组合及其比例效应

在宁夏中部半干旱带有补灌的条件下,以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)和老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)为试验材料,豆科与禾本科牧草分别按照3∶7、5∶5、7∶3共3种不同比例进行混播,研究了不同混播组合及比例对其经济投入产出比、干草及主要营养成分产量、相对总产量及竞争力等方面的影响。两年的试验结果表明,3种豆禾牧草混播比例的产量均显著大于单播禾本科牧草的产量(P0.05)。苜蓿与禾本科牧草混播组合2013年及2014年的产量均显著高于沙打旺与禾本科牧草的混播组合(P0.05),其中,紫花苜蓿∶羊草为7∶3的混播组合的产量为最高(P0.05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪的总产量最高且投入产出比最低。紫花苜蓿+禾草组合中豆科牧草竞争力均大于相同比例下沙打旺+禾本科牧草组合中豆科牧草竞争力。沙打旺+禾本科牧草混播组合中,相对总产量(RYT)大于1的组合多于紫花苜蓿+禾本科牧草混播组合,其中,沙打旺∶羊草为7∶3的混播组合的两年平均RYT最高。以上结果说明,在宁夏中部半干旱带建植栽培草地时,紫花苜蓿∶羊草为7∶3的混播组合有较好的产量效应和最低的投入产出比;而沙打旺∶羊草为7∶3的混播组合中不同物种生长较为均衡。     

农牧交错区5种禾本科牧草与草原二号苜蓿混播试验研究

研究5种禾本科牧草与草原二号苜蓿在不同混播方式下种群的生长高度、种间竞争率（CRi）及产草量。结果表明：草原二号苜蓿的生长不受单播、混播的影响,混播促进了禾本科植物的生长。随着豆科播种量的增加,各试验小区的产量增加。人工草地较天然草地有明显的增产作用。混播人工草地比单播人工草地又有显著的增产效应,其中2/3草原二号苜蓿＋1/3披碱草的混播组合比其他组合增产现象明显。综合结果表明,草原二号苜蓿和缘毛雀麦的混播组合具有合理的禾/豆比例和较高的生产力水平,为较合理的物种组合。     

科尔沁地区禾豆混播人工草地生产特性分析

在科尔沁草原地区进行了不同草种和不同播种量组合的混播人工草地生产特性的研究。结果表明,无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、披碱草、鸭茅、紫花苜蓿均具有较强的种间竞争能力,种间相容性较好;白三叶、草地早熟禾、猫尾草在苗期种间竞争能力较弱,幼苗死亡率较高,生长发育不良。在生产特性方面,草地早熟禾+鸭茅+猫尾草+紫花苜蓿+白三叶(组合Ⅰ)草地豆科牧草平均产量显著大于禾本科牧草产量(P<0.01);无芒雀麦+苇状羊茅+披碱草+紫花苜蓿+白三叶(组合Ⅱ)草地禾本科与豆科牧草产量差异不显著(P>0.05)。在全年总产量中,组合Ⅱ的禾本科牧草产量显著大于组合Ⅰ(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,适宜的混播组合是:无芒雀麦占40.3%,苇状羊茅+披碱草占32.9%,紫花苜蓿占26.8%,总播种量37.3kg/hm2,全年干草总产量可达8580.12kg/hm2,其中禾本科牧草占50%左右,适合于放牧刈割利用。     

中亚热带夏季牧草及青贮混播组合筛选试验

在云南中亚热带开展夏季牧草混播组合和青贮混播组合筛选试验。结果表明,在4个夏季牧草混播组合中,两茬的牧草总产量以三得利紫花苜蓿+杂交苏丹草组合最高,为15.0 t/hm2,极显著高于其他3个混播组合(P<0.01)。第2茬牧草的豆科比例较低或消亡,与第1茬相比整体下降明显。4个混播组合的粗蛋白含量在12.69%～18.47%之间,粗蛋白质含量已基本能满足肉牛生长发育的生长需求。青贮混播以玉米+扁豆组合的干物质产量最高,为24.3 t/hm2,但3个组合的牧草产量之间没有显著差异(F相似文献   

几种豆禾牧草混播初期生长互作效应的研究

选用豆科与禾本科牧草各两种互为混播组合，研究其混播状态下种子萌发及幼苗生长的互作效应，结果表明：当以白三叶、紫花苜蓿为作用牧草，并随期播量增加时，受体牧草高羊茅与紫羊茅种子萌发及幼轩生长受到显著影响，受体牧草紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长则对幼苗生长有促进作用。互作效应强度的进一步分析表明，豆科牧草对禾本科牧草的作用一般较强，并在初期生长阶段有较好的表现。这一结果与混播草地豆科牧草所表现的特征相符。因此本研究可从一个侧面为混播草地豆禾组合相容性提供可资借鉴的高效简捷的判定方法。     

广西冬闲田豆-禾牧草混播组合的遴选试验研究

为了遴选适合广西地区冬闲田种植的豆-禾牧草混播组合,选用苜蓿、豌豆、苕子、紫云英和白三叶等15种豆科牧草与黑麦草进行混播,测定鲜草产量、干草产量、营养成分和粗蛋白总产量,并进行比较和分析。结果表明:苕子产量为12 026 kg/hm~2,与其他豆科牧草品种间差异极显著(P0.01);豆-禾牧草混播组合中毛叶苕子+黑麦草鲜草和干草总产量最高,分别达34 299 kg/hm~2和5 769 kg/hm~2;苕子+黑麦草粗蛋白净产量最高,为1 004.25 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他混播组合(P0.05);白三叶+黑麦草混播组合产量最低,平均鲜草产量为25 662.67 kg/hm~2;说明毛叶苕子+黑麦草是综合生产性能最优的豆-禾牧草混播组合,值得在广西地区生产中进一步推广应用。     

24份加拿大牧草品种引种试验

1986年我们从加拿大碧青种子公司引进牧草种子24份,其中豆科7份,禾本科17份,于当年秋播。从3年试种结果看,Glory苜蓿、Minto苜蓿、Algonquin苜蓿在北京种植,无论是产草量、种子产量、草质还是适应性均表现良好。Leo百脉根在北京可安全越冬,其特点是夏季生长繁茂,草质好,耐牧,耐践踏。Orbit长穗冰草、Chief 中间冰草、阿尔泰野麦草表现为抗寒耐旱,产草量高,但要适时利用,否则会降低饲用价值。俄罗斯野麦草、Nordan沙生冰草、草地看麦娘、猫尾草产草量一般,但草质好,春季返青早,枯黄期晚,可在京郊西部山区种植。无芒雀麦(2份)、鸭茅、牛尾草、(艹鹝)草(3份)均表现为适应性好,草质优,产草量高,是较好的禾本科牧草。白三叶、草地早熟禾可做为地被植物和草坪草。     

云贵高原人工草地混播组合的研究

红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、黑穗画眉(Eragrostis uigra)、紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)、草地早熟禾(Poapratensis)八种适宜当地生态条件的豆科及禾本科牧草组成三大类(刈牧兼用型复杂类、刈草型简单类、放牧型简单类)十二种不同的混播组合,在力求一致的试验条件下研究各混播组合植被类型的产量动态和植物群落内部各组分的变化规律,以了解各混播组合草地的生产能力和植物群落的稳定性(包括豆、禾比例在生产意义上的合理性及稳定性),并据此为当地筛选出建立人工草地的理想混播组合。结果表明,红三叶、白三叶、多年生黑麦草、鸭茅、紫羊茅、草地早熟禾在其参于的混播组合中,表现出较好的竞争性和互补性,可以当选为混播成员,而黑穗画眉、无芒雀麦在其参于的混播组合中逐渐被淘汰。联合分析结果表明,刈牧兼用型复杂组合总体上优于刈草型和放牧型简单组合,其中当选的组合有 V9(红三叶+白三叶+多年生黑麦草+紫羊茅)、V10(红三叶+白三叶+鸭茅+紫羊茅)、V12(红三叶+白三叶+多年生黑麦草);当选的刈草型组合有 V2(红三叶+鸭茅);当选的放牧型组合有 V6(白三叶+紫羊茅)、V5(白三叶+多年生黑麦草)。     

Forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: I. Cow-calf production.

Six year-round, all-forage, three-paddock systems for beef cow-calf production were used to produce five calf crops during a 6-yr period. Forages grazed by cows during spring, summer, and early fall consisted of one paddock of 1) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) or 2) Kentucky blue-grass (Poa pratensis L.)-white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Each of these forage mixtures was combined in a factorial arrangement with two paddocks of either 1) fescue-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), 2) orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)-red clover, or 3) orchardgrass-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which were used for hay, creep grazing by calves, and stockpiling for grazing by cows in late fall and winter. Each of the six systems included two replications; each replicate contained 5.8 ha and was grazed by eight Angus cow-calf pairs for a total of 480 cow-calf pairs. Fescue was less than 5% infected with Acremonium coenophialum. Pregnancy rate was 94%. Cows grazing fescue-ladino clover maintained greater (P less than .05) BW than those grazing bluegrass-white clover, and their calves tended (P less than .09) to have slightly greater weaning weights (250 vs 243 kg, respectively). Stockpiled fescue-red clover provided more (P less than .05) grazing days and required less (P less than .05) hay fed to cows than stockpiled orchardgrass plus either red clover or alfalfa. Digestibilities of DM, CP, and ADF, determined with steers, were greater (P less than .05) for the orchardgrass-legume hays than for the fescue-red clover hay. All systems produced satisfactory cattle performance, but fescue-ladino clover combined with fescue-red clover required minimum inputs of harvested feed and maintained excellent stands during 6 yr.     

补播禾草对退化苜蓿草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响

针对宁夏半干旱区7龄以上苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草地退化导致的牧草产量低、品质差等问题，本试验采用单因素随机区组设计，研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、披碱草(Elymus nutans)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)补播对退化草地苜蓿主要农艺性状和牧草品质的影响，并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)评价其改良效果。结果表明：补播禾草对苜蓿株高、叶茎比、一级分枝数和干草产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中，补播苇状羊茅干草产量最高，其次为多年生黑麦草和无芒雀麦；补播禾草对牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量有显著影响(P<0.05)；PCA分析得出，补播鸭茅、苇状羊茅综合性状分别排第一、二位。因此，可根据不同改良目的选择不同禾草种类进行补播，苇状羊茅可显著提高退化苜蓿草地生产性能，补播鸭茅可显著改善退化苜蓿草地牧草品质。     

Forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: II. Stocker systems.

Fall weaned Angus calves grazed stockpiled 1) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 2) tall fescue-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), or 3) tall fescue-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or were barn-fed, 4) tall fescue hay, 5) orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)-alfalfa hay, or 6) tall fescue silage from late October to early April during each of 5 yr. Infection of the fescue with Acremonium coenophialum ranged from 0 to 55%. There were two replications each of steers and heifers for each forage system in a completely random design. Each replicate was grazed by three Angus stockers, except for System 1, which was grazed by six stockers, for a total of 420 stockers. Each pasture replicate contained .8 ha (except System 1, which was 1.6 ha), and the stocking rate was one stocker per .27 ha. Fescue hay and silage were harvested each spring for barn-fed systems from the area stockpiled for grazing by cattle in System 1. Nitrogen fertilizer (90 kg/ha) was applied in early spring and again in early August, before stockpiling; no N was applied to stockpiled fescue grown with legumes. Daily gains by calves grazing stockpiled fescue-alfalfa were greater (P less than .01) than by calves grazing stockpiled fescue-red clover or N-fertilized stockpiled fescue (.50, .33, and .34 kg/d, respectively), but fescue-alfalfa calves required more days (P less than .01) of supplemental hay feeding (105, 60, and 36, respectively). Calves fed fescue hay in the barn gained more (P less than .01) than those fed fescue silage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

优良禾草苇状羊茅改良退化人工草地试验研究

在贵州南部气候条件下，采用苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草、扁穗雀麦、白三叶等4种优质牧草，通过不同的处理组合对多年生黑麦草割草地进行带状改良，结果表明：凡含有苇状羊茅的处理组合改良效果较好，草地植被特征增强，耐牧性能提高；改良方式中窄带改良比宽带改良效果好。生产实际中建议采用窄带改良方式，选用苇状羊茅十多年生黑麦草＋白三叶这个草种组合，以达到增强草地植被特征、优质、持久、耐牧等目的。     

果树行间生草对苹果园土壤肥力的影响

为了解长期生草对果园土壤肥力的影响,以苹果树（Malus pumila Mill.）行间种植白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）和自然生草的土壤为处理,以“清耕”的果树行间土壤为对照,研究生草6年后苹果园土壤肥力变化。结果表明：在0~20 cm土壤中,生草和“清耕”的土壤全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮含量均随土层加深呈下降的趋势。相比于对照,白三叶能显著（P<0.05）提高土壤全氮、速效氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和有机质的含量,而高羊茅对全磷、全钾和速效钾的含量有显著提高（P<0.05）,自然生草对提高速效磷含量的效果最好。说明生草可以提高果园土壤肥力,但不同草种对土壤氮、磷、钾的影响不一,应该合理配置草种,保证氮、磷、钾的均衡供应。     

Behavior, preference for, and use of alfalfa, tall fescue, white clover, and buffalograss by pregnant gilts in an outdoor production system

Sustainable outdoor pig production requires vegetation that can maintain ground cover, assimilate manure nutrients, and prevent soil erosion. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of four forages: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), white clover (Trifolium repens), and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) for grazing or ground cover in pastures for pigs. Each forage plot covered 7.5 m2, with nine replicates in a randomized block design. In Exp. 1, eight pregnant gilts had free access to all forages during a 2-d adjustment period. Immediately thereafter, pairs of gilts were assigned randomly to one of each of four blocks of the four forages during a 2-d measurement period. The percentage of ground cover for each forage was visually estimated at 0, 24, and 48 h of study. Behavioral data, including walking, eating, grazing, rooting, drinking, standing, lying, and time spent in hut were video-monitored continuously for 48 h. Initial percentage of ground cover was 100% for all species. By 48 h, percentage of ground cover decreased (P < 0.001) for white clover (11.3 +/- 0.88%) and alfalfa (36.3 +/- 0.88%), but not for tall fescue (98.0 +/- 0.88%) or buffalograss (98.0 +/- 0.88%). Gilts spent more (P < 0.01) time grazing white clover (16.3 +/- 1.97 min/d) and alfalfa (11.2 +/- 1.97) than tall fescue (0.8 +/- 1.97) or buffalograss (0.3 +/- 1.97), and rooted more (P < 0.04) white clover than other forages. In Exp. 2, six gilts from the initial group were put on six blocks of the four forages. Each gilt was assigned randomly to three replicates of each forage, including alfalfa, tall fescue, or buffalograss (white clover was excluded because of damage by gilts during Exp. 1), and gilts grazed single forages for 2 d. After this grazing period, the percentage of ground cover was less (P < 0.01) for alfalfa than for buffalograss or tall fescue (37.5 +/- 0.38, 96.7 +/- 0.39, 96.3 +/- 0.39%, respectively). With access to a single forage, pregnant gilts spent more (P < 0.01) time grazing alfalfa (15.8 +/- 2.36 min/d) than buffalograss (1.5 +/- 2.36) or tall fescue (0.7 +/- 2.37). These gilts clearly preferred grazing white clover and alfalfa, and rooting and eating white clover compared with buffalograss or tall fescue. Rates of ground cover loss were less (P < 0.01) for tall fescue and buffalograss than for the more preferred forages. Less preferred forages could have potential as pasture for swine when the primary objective is ground cover maintenance rather than nutrient supply.     

行间生草葡萄园土壤微生物量与土壤养分的通径分析

在酿酒葡萄(Vitis vinifera)园行间播种白三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)和高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb),以清耕为对照,研究了土壤微生物量、土壤微生物呼吸强度和土壤微生物熵的变化及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:与清耕(对照)相比,白三叶草和紫花苜蓿处理显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮含量,显著降低了速效磷含量;而高羊茅处理土壤有机质和速效钾含量显著低于清耕。白三叶草、紫花苜蓿和高羊茅处理土壤微生物量C含量分别比清耕增加65.2%,61.6%和6.7%;微生物量N含量分别比清耕增加53.6%,52.4%和15.0%。各生草处理土壤微生物熵均显著高于清耕,但土壤微生物呼吸强度与清耕之间无显著差异。微生物学指标总体与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾呈显著或极显著正相关,与全磷和速效磷呈显著或极显著负相关。通径分析表明,碱解氮、全氮是影响土壤微生物量C、N和微生物呼吸强度、微生物熵重要的直接作用因子。     

6种生草对树莓果蝇的驱避效果研究

利用大叶薄荷、白车轴草、留兰香、高羊茅、鸭茅和紫花苜蓿在树莓果园进行生草栽培,研究不同生草对树莓果蝇成虫的驱避效果,为生草栽培在树莓果蝇的防治中提供科学依据。研究表明,留兰香和大叶薄荷对树莓果蝇有较强的驱避效果,平均驱避效果分别达到81.25%和72.73%,可作为主栽品种在生草果园中推广;其次为紫花苜蓿和白车轴草,对果蝇的平均驱避效果为50.57%和34.94%,可作为蜜源植物补充生草果园的生态系统。     

鸭茅与伴生种不同混播比例对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

采用随机区组设计,设4个单播鸭茅、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、15个混播处理(9∶1、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7、1∶9)和无牧草播种处理,研究鸭茅与伴生种在不同混播比例下对土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的分布影响。结果表明:土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,且表现为0~10 cm10~20 cm。混播处理相同土层,土壤细菌和放线菌以鸭茅和苜蓿混播时为最多,鸭茅和无芒雀麦混播时次之,鸭茅和白三叶混播时最小。鸭茅和豆科牧草混播时的脲酶活性高于鸭茅和无芒雀麦混播时的活性,鸭茅和苜蓿或无芒雀麦混播时的土壤蔗糖酶和土壤过氧化氢酶高于鸭茅同白三叶混播时的活性。与无牧草播种处理相比,单播和混播处理均提高了土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。