石榴套袋方式对石榴品质的影响

为解决石榴生长过程中易出现的虫害、日灼、锈斑、裂果等问题,提高石榴生产效益,以临潼石榴为试验对象,比较了膜袋、纸袋对石榴质量的影响。结果表明:套膜袋的石榴单果重明显高于套纸袋石榴及对照组(未套袋)果实,裂果率明显低于套纸袋石榴及对照组果实,但果实糖度、酸度明显低于套纸袋及对照组果实;套纸袋果实单果重低于套膜袋果实,但高于对照组果实,糖度接近对照组,但明显高于套膜袋果实,酸度与套膜袋果实基本相同,但明显高于对照组;套纸袋石榴果实甜中带酸,色泽鲜艳,大小基本均一,石榴套纸袋技术可增加石榴生产效益。     

基于果粒体积和横径及纵径的“温克”葡萄果实生长发育规律分析

以"温克"葡萄为试材,在开花后第7天至果实成熟,通过果实纵横径、体积及净增长量数据分析了"温克"葡萄果实的生长发育规律。结果表明:"温克"葡萄果实纵径增长呈快-慢的单S型动态曲线变化,横径增长表现为双S型变化,开花后7~35d是"温克"葡萄果实纵横径净生长量增长最快的时期;果实体积增长曲线呈双S型,分别在果实生长期的前期(开花后7~28d)和后期(开花后105~119d)出现2次生长高峰。"温克"葡萄开花后7~35d其果实纵横径净生长量增长最快,开花35d后纵横径净生长量急剧下降;体积净生长量的2个高峰期分别出现在开花后7~28d和开花后105~119d。根据"温克"葡萄果实生长发育变化规律制定栽培管理技术措施,可挖掘"温克"葡萄优质丰产潜力。     

石榴套袋试验

石榴果实表面易出现褐斑,对果实外观品质影响较大。这种症状在铁皮青等品种的果实上表现得尤为明显。为改善石榴果实的外观品质,我们于１９９５年用苹果袋和自制纸袋进行了石榴套袋试验。虽因用袋不当而使试验受到影响,但初步明确了套袋可改善石榴外观品质。１９９６年...     

石榴果实套袋效果研究

石榴果实套袋,能够明显降低石榴果腐病病果率、桃蛀螟虫果率和裂果率;红色品种在着色前除袋,白色品种和青色品种带袋采收,能显著改善果实外观质量;套袋对果实的内在品质影响不明显,但降低了平均单果重。     

石榴防日烧用纸膜结合套袋法

正石榴单独使用纸袋的缺点是成熟期籽粒不能完全变红,渣硬;釆收晚了容易老皮,容易裂果;采收后如果不能及时卖掉,果皮容易失水变干。单独套膜袋的缺点是解决不了果实防晒问题。我用纸膜结合套袋法解决了上述问题,具体做法如下:6月份发现外围石榴太阳直射面有红点时开始套袋。先给太阳直射的石榴套上膜袋,     

苹果双套袋的“四早一适”技术措施

<正>苹果双套袋(膜袋加纸袋)即具有膜袋的"温室效应"和防护作用,幼果期果实生长快,果形指数高,果个大,预防病虫等,又有纸袋的"暗室效应",果面褪绿着色鲜艳。双套袋生产的果实果面光洁亮丽,粉中透红,商     

石榴果实膨大与气象条件分析

根据正常年份和受灾年份石榴果实膨大期气象资料对比分析,找出影响石榴果实膨大生长的气象要素,以合理安排生产。     

套袋对‘库尔勒香梨’果实中游离脂肪酸和游离氨基酸含量的影响

【目的】探讨套袋后‘库尔勒香梨’果实生长发育过程中游离脂肪酸和游离氨基酸的变化。【方法】用紫色塑料膜袋和单层白色纸袋(NK-15小林袋)2种材质的果袋对‘库尔勒香梨’幼果进行套袋处理,以不套袋果实为对照,采用气相色谱(GC)法和氨基酸自动分析仪分别测定果实的游离脂肪酸含量和游离氨基酸含量。【结果】在‘库尔勒香梨’果实生长发育期间共鉴定出5种游离脂肪酸和15种游离氨基酸。游离脂肪酸总量在盛花后60 d达到最高,之后含量一直下降。到果实成熟时,套纸袋果实的亚油酸(C18∶2)含量和游离脂肪酸总量均显著低于对照(P0.05),套膜袋果实的游离脂肪酸含量与对照相比差异不显著。游离氨基酸总量在‘库尔勒香梨’果实生长发育期整体呈下降趋势,套袋对果实每种氨基酸含量均有影响,但是规律不明显。到果实成熟时,套膜袋果实的游离氨基酸总量显著高于对照(P0.01),套纸袋果实的游离氨基酸总量显著低于对照(P0.01)。【结论】‘库尔勒香梨’果实中以亚油酸、亚麻酸和天冬氨酸、谷氨酸的含量较大,果实发育过程中游离脂肪酸和游离氨基酸含量的变化均受套袋影响。总体上看,这2种果袋对果实游离氨基酸产生的影响明显大于对游离脂肪酸。     

套袋对"石硖"龙眼果实大小和品质的影响

研究了采前使用不同套袋(白袋、黑袋、绿袋、黄袋、红袋)处理对"石硖"龙眼果实色泽、大小和品质的影响。结果表明:不同套袋处理对"石硖"龙眼果实果皮色泽无明显影响;对果实大小和品质影响差异性显著,尤以套黄色和绿色的网袋种子小,可食率高。     

套袋对温室小型番茄果实生长及果面光系统Ⅱ活性的影响

对小型番茄春桃进行整穗套袋,研究聚丙烯透明塑料薄膜袋(TPF)和聚乙烯淋膜白纸袋(WPF)2种材质果袋对番茄果实生长、品质、叶绿素(chl a、chl b)含量和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的影响.研究结果表明,聚乙烯淋膜白纸袋(WPF)处理的番茄果实综合评价指数高于聚丙烯透明塑料薄膜袋(TPF)处理的;2个套袋处理和对照的番茄果实表层chl a和chl b含量均随着生育进程呈逐渐下降趋势;套袋后,果袋内光照减弱,引起PSⅡ原初光化学潜能提升,但是PSⅡ实际光化学效率却下降,同时更多地依赖于非调节性能量耗散方式来分流PSⅡ的能流.     

核桃果实发育动态规律研究

以早实核桃"辽核1号"、"香玲"、"辽核5号"为试材,研究不同核桃品种在豫北平原地区果实发育动态规律。结果表明:不同核桃品种果实的纵径、横径和侧径发育在同一时期内均显现出相对快速增长的一致性。但品种间三径生长发育有着明显的差异性。同时也表现出核桃果实三径发育动态相对一致的周期规律性,分为果实迅速膨大期和缓慢增长期2个生长发育周期。5月上旬至6月上旬是果实膨大期,完成果实体积膨大的95%以上。6月中旬至9月上旬处于果实缓慢增长期,果实增大值仅占总体积的5%左右。     

液膜果袋对苹果果实生长发育的影响

使用液膜果袋后果实着色指数与套纸袋、对照相当,优于套塑膜袋,果面颜色鲜艳程度略差于套纸袋,但优于对照和套塑膜袋;果面光洁度显著提高,病虫果发生率显著降低;果实单果重与套纸袋和对照相当,优于套塑膜袋;果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量较高,维生素C含量显著高于其它处理;室温下贮藏90d后果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量高于其它处理,烂果率低于其它处理;各处理的农药残留量均符合国家标准,但液膜果袋处理的残留量较低。     

套袋对苹果果皮特征的影响

以10年生寒富苹果为试材,进行了不同的套袋(反光膜袋、双层纸袋、塑膜袋)处理,以不套袋果为对照,研究了不同微域环境下寒富苹果果皮的外观特征和解剖结构的特点。结果表明,套反光膜袋能明显提高果实的光洁度,改善果实的着色,果点不明显;套双层纸袋的次之;套塑膜袋和不套袋果实光洁度差,着色过浓,果点多且大,果面粗糙,不利于生产优质果;套不同类型的果袋,果皮解剖结构差异明显,套反光膜袋,角质层变薄,角质层光滑均匀度好,个别处有“V”型凹陷,表皮细胞变大,形状近圆形;套双层纸袋和塑膜袋,角质层均变厚,有较深的“V”型凹陷,表皮细胞形状不规则;不套袋果,角质层较均匀光滑,表皮细胞狭长且小。另外,套袋后,果实的表皮细胞变大且细胞壁变厚,改变了表皮细胞的排列方式,减少了表皮细胞层数,降低了机械组织的厚度及层数。     

Mass modeling of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit with some physical characteristics

Among physical characteristics, dimensions, mass, volume and projected areas are important parameters in sizing and grading systems. Fruits with the similar weight and uniform shape are desirable in terms of marketing value. Therefore, grading fruit based on weight reduces packing and handling costs and also provides suitable packing patterns. The different grading systems require different fruit sizing based on particular parameters. In this study pomegranate mass was predicted by applying different physical characteristics with linear and nonlinear models as three different classifications: (1) single or multiple variable regressions of pomegranate dimensional characteristics, (2) single or multiple variable regression of pomegranate projected areas and (3) estimating pomegranate mass based on its volume. The results showed that mass modeling of pomegranate based on minor diameter and three projected areas are the most appropriate models in the first and second classifications, respectively. In third classification, the highest determination coefficient was obtained for mass modeling based on the actual volume as R² = 0.99 whereas corresponding values were 0.93 and 0.79 for assumed pomegranate shapes (oblate spheroid and ellipsoid), respectively. In economical and agronomical point of view, suitable grading system of pomegranate mass was ascertained based on minor diameter as nonlinear relation M = 0.06c² − 4.11c + 143.56, R² = 0.91.     

Pollen Source Influences Fruit Quality,Aril Properties,and Seed Characteristics in Pomegranate

A study was conducted to determine the effect of pollen source on fruit, aril, and seed characteristics in pomegranate. The cultivar Malas Yazdi was pollinated with three pollen sources including: Rabab Neyriz (a commercial cultivar), Malas Pishva Varamin (selected superior local cultivar), and Poost Sefid Dezful (non-commercial cultivar). The results showed that the rate of fruit set from different pollen sources varied from 13% to 46%. Pollen source also had significant effects on other fruit properties, such as fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit length and diameter, fruit peel color, fruit peel thickness, and edible portion of the fruit. Aril characteristics including number of arils per fruit, aril length and diameter, aril weight, and aril color were also significantly affected by pollen source as well as seed physical properties, including seed weight, seed length and diameter, seed hardness, and seed toughness. However ‘Malas Pishva Varamin’ as a pollinizer showed the lowest rate of fruit set, but performed better in terms of fruit quality and seed characteristic than ‘Rabab Neyriz’ and ‘Poost Sefid Dezful’. This is the first observation of xenia effect in pomegranate breeding and could serve as a new area of research for pomegranate production. These findings suggest that selection of suitable pollinizer could be a new area of research for pomegranate production.     

Analysis of the Phenylpropanoid Enzyme Activities and Products in the Soft- and Hard-Seeded Pomegranate Genotypes During Fruit Development

To find out more about the biochemical aspects of seed-softness trait in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), some of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes as well as their products were evaluated in the various soft- and hard-seeded genotypes during fruit development. Results showed that peroxidase (POD) activity decreased in all studied genotypes during fruit growth, while increasing at the last stages only in the hard-seeded genotypes. Although laccase (LAC) activity did not show high differences during fruit ripening and in different genotypes, but its general trend was increasing. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity decreased during the fruit development and approximately diminished for the hard-seeded genotypes. All genotypes had lignin components in their seeds and amount of lignin increased during the growth season. Total phenolic decreased drastically and antioxidant capacity increased gradually showing an opposite trend and probable competitive effect for the same substrate during fruit development. Considerable differences that were observed in the POD activity at the last sampling stage, and higher activity that was observed in POD than LAC, may indicate that POD is more important for polymerization of lignin in the pomegranate seed and this enzyme might have some role in the development of seed softness trait in pomegranate. Also, this is the first report about lignin detection in the seeds of soft-seeded pomegranate genotypes, and represents a different mechanism (such as monolignol conformation in the final polymer) from lignin content for development of the soft-seeded pomegranate genotype.     

油桃套袋技术改进试验

研究了地面铺反光膜及不同果袋、不同解袋时间等对果实品质的影响。结果表明,铺设反光膜可以全面提高果实品质,减少重庆光照不足和套袋对油桃果实发育的不利影响;适当延迟解袋时间,从常规的采前7-10d延迟到采前3-5d,最迟不超过7d,在重庆气候条件下,可以保证较好的外观品质,获得较好的防病虫防裂果效果;外褐内红双层纸袋处理的果实果面光洁度、色泽均匀度、防病虫和裂果效果明显优于牛皮纸单层袋、褐色单层纸袋处理。     

套袋对‘库尔勒香梨’果实糖酸组分与香气成分的影响

以不套袋‘库尔勒香梨’（Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü‘Korla Xiangli’）果实为对照,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术、顶空固相微萃取（HS–SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱（GC–MS）联用技术,分析了套紫色塑料膜袋和单层白色纸袋（NK-15 小林袋）对果实可溶性糖、有机酸和香气物质的影响。结果表明：（1）果实套紫色塑料膜袋后糖组分含量没有显著变化,套单层白色纸袋后蔗糖和山梨醇含量显著减少（P < 0.05）,而葡萄糖和果糖含量变化不显著;（2）果实套紫色塑料膜袋后苹果酸含量显著减少（P <0.05）,套单层白色纸袋后柠檬酸含量显著升高（P < 0.05）,而莽草酸、草酸和奎尼酸含量在各处理间没有显著变化;（3）不同处理之间香气物质组成和含量差异较大,套袋果实香气物质总含量低于对照,种类有所减少,特别是“果香型”的酯类化合物明显受到抑制。研究认为,套袋不利于果实整体风味的形成,但紫色塑料膜袋对果实风味物质的负面影响比单层白色纸袋小,结合成本、工效等因素考虑,建议在香梨套袋栽培中优先选择紫色塑料膜袋。