饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

 选择鸡群变动小、生长良好的成年笼养蛋鸡2000只和5家放养比较规范的农户（每户700只）,研究不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡产蛋性能、经济效益的影响。结果表明：生态放养的绿壳蛋鸡产蛋率显著低于笼养鸡（P<0.05）,笼养比生态放养的蛋重平均值高15.80%（P<0.01）。笼养鸡的效益为44.76元/只,生态放养鸡的效益为59.39元/只。     

饲养方式对鸡蛋品质影响的研究

选取体重均匀、体况良好的35周龄绿壳蛋鸡、本地柴鸡、农大三号鸡各500只,每品种随机分为2组,一组采用半封闭式全阶梯笼养,一组采用草场围栏放养,饲喂相同饲料.经拣蛋取样测定比较,结果表明放养能够很好的改善鸡蛋品质,在蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄中磷脂质含量和降低蛋黄含水量、蛋黄中胆固醇含量方面明显的优于笼养鸡组.     

饲养方式对蛋鸡产蛋前期生产性能的影响

试验通过对比舍外散放蛋鸡与舍内笼养蛋鸡在体重、胫长和胫围等方面的差异来研究饲养方式对鸡产蛋前期生产性能的影响。结果表明：散放鸡体重在8、10、12周龄显著低于同周龄笼养鸡;散放鸡胫长在10、12周龄显著低于同周龄笼养鸡;散放鸡胫围在10周龄显著低于同周龄笼养鸡。笼养鸡和散放鸡各周龄的胫长和胫围变异系数均小于10%,均匀度均高于或等于80%。两组蛋鸡各周龄体重的变异系数均小于10%,体重均匀度呈逐级递增状态,6周龄蛋鸡体重均匀度较低,到12周龄时均匀度已达到80%。两组蛋鸡的生产性能各指标均达到海兰褐蛋鸡饲养标准。     

不同饲养方式对南丹瑶鸡血清生化指标及蛋品质的影响

为研究不同饲养方式对南丹瑶鸡生产性能的影响,试验选择240只健康、个体间无显著差异的16周龄南丹瑶鸡,随机分成3组,分别采用放养、室内平养和笼养三种方式饲养6个月,测定血清生化指标;选取205、210、215日龄南丹瑶鸡所产鸡蛋,测定其蛋品质指标。结果显示:血清生化指标方面,放养组的白蛋白/球蛋白比值显著高于笼养组(P0.05),谷丙转氨酶含量极显著低于室内平养组(P0.01),其他血清生化指标差异不显著(P0.05)。表明放养南丹瑶鸡相对于笼养鸡和平养鸡有着更高的免疫力和更好的肝功能。蛋品质方面,205日龄放养组蛋壳强度显著高于室内平养组和笼养组(P0.05),210及215日龄放养组蛋壳强度显著强于室内平养组(P0.05),而在其他各项蛋品质指标饲养方式对其影响均不显著(P0.05)。表明放养南丹瑶鸡所产鸡蛋蛋壳结构致密性更好。     

不同饲养方式对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取400只22周龄如皋黄鸡,随机分为两组,分别进行常规笼养和室外林地放养,每组200只,每组4个重复,每个重复50只。试验期为126d（3－7月）,饲养至40周龄时进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,126d饲养期内,放养组产蛋数和产蛋率均显著低于笼养组（98.61vs106.5,78.3%vs84.5%;P〈0.05）;280日龄放养组鸡蛋的蛋形指数为1.35,显著高于笼养组的蛋形指数1.30（P〈0.05）。蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度方面,放养鸡蛋和笼养鸡蛋差异不显著（P〉0.05）;放养组鸡蛋的哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色显著高于笼养鸡蛋（P〈0.05）。     

饲养方式对蛋鸡免疫水平、肠道菌群及蛋品质的影响

研究不同饲养方式对蛋鸡免疫功能、肠道微生物和蛋品质的影响及相互关系。选取600只16周龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡,随机分为2组,分别进行常规笼养和散养,每组300只,每组3个重复,每个重复100只,于不同周龄对蛋鸡免疫指标、肠道微生物及蛋品质进行检测分析。结果:除24周龄外,散养蛋鸡血液IgA、IgM和IgG含量均高于普通密度笼养蛋鸡;β-内啡肽含量除24周龄外均低于普通笼养鸡;散养方式下蛋鸡盲肠中乳酸杆菌数明显高于笼养方式,且差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),表明散养鸡整体免疫力和抗病能力高于笼养鸡。笼养鸡的平均蛋重为(60.02±1.75)g,高于散养鸡的平均蛋重(59.43±2.31)g,差异显著(P<0.05);和笼养鸡蛋相比,散养鸡蛋的哈夫单位和蛋黄颜色较高,且差异显著(P<0.05),而蛋白高度相比,散养鸡随周龄逐渐下降,笼养鸡逐渐上升,但2种饲养方式之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

黔南州绿壳蛋鸡产业发展现状及建议

我国传统的农家养鸡均以散养为主,但规模小,饲养方式原始粗放。为了顺应市场和环境方面等的需求,不少地方开始尝试运用一些先进技术在山地、林场、草地等散养蛋鸡和肉鸡,并培育出一些适应生态放养的新品种。绿壳蛋鸡作为特色养殖品种凭借味道鲜美、绿色营养等特点受到消费者欢迎,市场潜力巨大,养殖前景诱人。黔南州农业系统大力发展山地生态畜牧业,依托贵州省草地生态畜牧业产业化科技扶贫项目、国家石漠化综合治理等项目的实施,整合其他项目资金投入,探索、推广山地、人工草地散养绿壳蛋鸡,笔者针对绿壳蛋鸡的产业发展优势、制约因素及发展前景进行探讨,并提出建议。     

牧场种植芳香族植物影响放养蛋鸡的采食偏好

为了解放养蛋鸡对牧场上种植的芳香类植物的采食情况,希腊亚里士多德大学和兽医研究所的研究人员将90只罗曼褐壳蛋鸡分为3个处理,每个处理2个重复进行试验。对照组放牧区域种植多种牧草,处理组B和SP放牧区域则分别种植有芳香族植物罗勒和荷兰薄荷。在试验结束时(40周龄),每个重复随机选取4只蛋鸡进行屠宰,摘取嗉囊用于分析其内容物(2只在晚上,2只在次日早晨)。结果发     

"五化"举措打造明星养殖协会

湖北省鄂州市华容区绿壳蛋鸡养殖协会于2004年1月正式成立,他们因地因情制宜采取"五化"措施,推进养殖协会辐射省内外10多个地市.到2005年底,有区内协会会员301户,养鸡合作社3个,1 000只以上规模养鸡专业户82个;养殖户饲养量近50万只,年产绿壳蛋鸡4 000余吨,产值近5 000万元.     

放养和笼养太行鸡蛋品质的比较分析

放养和笼养太行鸡蛋各30枚,分别测定蛋品质指标,包括:鲜蛋重,蛋白、蛋黄、蛋壳占全鲜蛋重百分比,蛋白、蛋黄中的蛋白质,蛋黄中粗蛋白和磷脂,蛋黄色泽及总胆固醇含量,蛋壳中的钙、磷以及蛋壳厚度。结果表明:放养鸡蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄色泽、蛋黄中的粗脂肪和磷脂含量均显著高于笼养鸡(P<0.05);放养鸡蛋黄胆固醇含量显著低于笼养鸡(P<0.05);笼养鸡蛋壳中磷含量显著高于放养鸡(P<0.05),蛋白占鲜蛋重的百分比显著高于放养太行鸡(P<0.05)。试验表明不同饲养方式可以影响太行鸡蛋品质,放养方式的蛋品质好于笼养方式。     

Techniques for objective outcome assessment

Companion animal rehabilitation, a collaborative practice of physical therapy and veterinary medicine, can only demonstrate the effectiveness of its theories, techniques, interventions, and modalities through evidence-based practice, utilizing standardized, reliable, and valid outcome measures, correlated with objective diagnostic data. This essay examines existing and potential objective outcome measures utilized in companion animal rehabilitation and physical therapy regarding pain, vital signs, body condition and composition, range of motion, muscle strength, inflammation, functional mobility, and gait. Discussion is included of the traditional disablement model and the evolution of the physical therapy diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care.     

鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡vNDV攻击后免疫病理学变化

本文对鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡新城疫强毒攻击后,其血清,泪液,气管液,肠液,胆汁的ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ含量和ＨＩ抗本滴度;胸腺,法氏囊,脾脏,哈德尔腺,盲肠扁桃体的Ｔ细胞,ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量以及免疫保护情况进行了检测。     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

Studies on the Haematology and Trace Element Status of Adult Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China

Reference values were established for some haematological and serum biochemical constituents in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. The contents of seven trace elements in the blood, hair, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, rib, ovary, pancreas and gluteal muscle of Bactrian camels were also measured. Some of these values are reported for the first time for Bactrian camels in China. Most haematological and serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, yaks, sheep and dromedary camels, but the mean serum albumin concentration and the albumim/globulin ratio were significantly higher than those in other ruminants and the mean thyroxine concentration was half that in dromedary camels. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron, and the renal cortex contained the highest concentration of selenium. The concentrations of selenium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the tissues were within the reference ranges for other ruminants, but the mean iron and copper concentrations in the liver were significantly higher than those in other ruminants.     

中国桑树害虫名录(Ⅺ)

记述了昆虫纲(Insecta)双翅目(Diptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、蜚蠊目(Blattaria)的26种桑树害虫,以及蛛形纲(Arachnida)真螨目(Acariformes)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)等足目(Isopoda)、软体动物门(Mollusca)腹足纲(Gastropoda)柄眼目(Stylommatophora)共28种桑树害虫与危害物种,分别介绍了这些害虫及危害物种的中文名称、学名、寄主种类与主要分布区域,为控制桑树各类有害生物的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

肉仔鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数研究

通过研究日粮中色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、氮平衡及血清尿素氮含量的影响，探讨不同生长阶段不同性别肉仔鸡色氨酸的需求参数。试验期８周。结果表明：日粮中色氨酸达到适宜水平时，肉鸡的平均日增重增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）、料肉比降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；色氨酸水平过高则不能继续改善其生产性能，甚至造成负效应。在３～６周龄及６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数高于母鸡。日粮色氨酸水平对肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），不同性别肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据各项指标的测定结果，建议在０～３周龄，肉鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２１％；在３～６周龄，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２０％，母鸡为０．１８％；在６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．１８％，母鸡为０．１６％。采用去盲肠成年种公鸡测定基础日粮（玉米—玉米蛋白粉）中色氨酸的消化率，并计算出不同性别肉鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数。