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不同脱毒剂脱玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素的试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究6种脱毒剂(1号、2号、3号、4号、5号和6号)的体外脱毒效果,采用竞争性直接酶联免疫吸附测试方法(ELISA)分别测定脱毒前后霉变玉米中呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的含量,并计算其相应毒素的下降率,旨在为饲料厂家选择优质脱毒剂提供参考依据。试验结果表明,6种脱毒剂脱玉米赤霉烯酮的效果从好到差依次为5号、4号、3号、2号、6号和1号;6种脱毒剂脱呕吐毒素的效果从好到差依次为5号、2号、4号、3号、6号和1号。 相似文献
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黄曲霉毒素是世界上研究较为彻底的一种毒素,也是对食品及饲料安全危害最严重的一种毒素.研究表明,饲料中黄曲霉毒素浓度的高低与动物疫情流行有着密切的关系.如:美国20世纪80年代,由于霉菌毒素的暴发而导致了随后的猪大肠杆菌病在该区域的流行;2003年底到2004年秋天,亚洲各国均发生了大规模的动物疫情,究其原因与2003年天气异常而导致谷物大面积发霉有直接关系,这场疫情使中国养猪生产损失达200亿元以上.黄曲霉毒素的主要危害表现为对动物多系统的直接破坏,高强度地抑制动物的免疫系统,降低动物对病原的抵抗力及对疾病的易感性,因而会诱导或增强动物疫情的传播.研究表明,饲料中的黄曲霉毒素在仔猪应控制在5μg/kg以下(法定范围为10μg/kg),在种猪大猪应控制在20μg/kg以下. 相似文献
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试验旨在探究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)和黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)联合染毒对小鼠睾丸的毒性作用。选用60只8周龄SPF ICR小鼠,适应性饲养10 d后,将体重相近(38.88±0.29)g的48只小鼠随机分为4组,每组12只,低剂量霉菌毒素联合染毒组(LD组)腹腔注射10mg/kgBWZEN+1 mg/kg BW DON+0.5 mg/kg BW AFB1,中剂量霉菌毒素联合染毒组(MD组)腹腔注射20 mg/kg BW ZEN+1.5 mg/kg BW DON+1 mg/kg BW AFB1,高剂量霉菌毒素联合染毒组(HD组)腹腔注射30 mg/kg BW ZEN+2 mg/kg BW DON+2 mg/kg BW AFB1,对照组(CON组)腹腔注射等量玉米油。腹腔注射24 h后处死小鼠,采集附睾精子及睾丸组织样本。结果表明:与CON组相比,LD组(P<0.05)、MD组(P<0.001)、HD组(P<0.001)精子活性均降低;与CON组相比,霉菌毒素联合染... 相似文献
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玉米赤霉烯酮是霉菌毒素之一,主要由镰刀菌产生,已被证明会影响动物的繁殖能力。赤霉烯酮检测方法、防治措施和脱毒技术一直是国内外的研究热点。本文结合了最新的研究成果,详细阐述了霉菌毒素的分类、玉米赤霉烯酮对畜禽健康及产品产生的不利影响以及对消费者造成的安全隐患,并对其检测方法、防治措施和脱毒技术进行概括,为解决霉菌污染问题提供参考。 相似文献
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We assessed the production of the mycotoxins fumonisin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone during the ensiling of corn. Corn was harvested at yellow‐ripe or full‐ripe stage and separated into the stem and leaf parts and the ear parts, including bracts. Each material was ensiled under five conditions: (1) no fungus added, anaerobic conditions; (2) no fungus added, aerobic conditions; (3) mycotoxin‐producing fungus added, anaerobic conditions; (4) mycotoxin‐producing fungus added, aerobic conditions; and (5) mycotoxin‐producing fungus added to autoclaved material, aerobic conditions. After 40 days of ensilage, we analyzed the silage fermentative quality and mycotoxin concentration. The fermentative quality of all materials was good in treatments (1) and (3), because the pH < 4 increased the lactic acid content preventing mycotoxin levels from increasing. In treatments (2) and (4), fermentative quality of all materials was poor, and mycotoxin levels were slightly increased. In treatment (5), fermentative quality was poor, and mycotoxin levels were increased remarkably. These results indicate that mycotoxins are not produced under anaerobic conditions and are hardly produced under aerobic condition during the ensiling of corn. Our findings suggest that almost all mycotoxins in corn silage are produced pre‐harvest. 相似文献
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The combination of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at permitted feed concentrations causes serious physiological effects in young pigs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng Chen Yulin Ma Chunyi Xue Jingyun Ma Qingmei Xie Genhu Wang Yingzuo Bi Yongchang Cao 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(1):39-44
This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 µg/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, DON and ZON caused levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in sera to decrease (p < 0.05) by 14.5%, 6.5% and 11.3%, respectively, and at the same time increased (p < 0.05) the serum enzyme activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 72.0%, 32.6% and 36.6%, respectively. In addition, DON and ZON decreased (p < 0.05) the level of anti-classical swine fever antibody titers by 14.8%. Real-time PCR showed that DON and ZON caused the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, to decrease (p < 0.05) by 36.0%, 29.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Histopathological studies demonstrated that DON and ZON caused abnormalities in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, uterus, and kidney. The concentrations of DON and ZON used in this study are in line with the published critical values permitted by BML. Our study clearly put the standard and adequacy of safety measures for these toxins into question. The authors suggest that with the increasing availability of cellular and molecular technologies, it is time to revisit the safety standards for toxins in feeds so as to make feeds safer, providing consumers with safer products. 相似文献
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Diagnostic opportunities for evaluation of the exposure of dairy cows to the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN): reliability of blood plasma,bile and follicular fluid as indicators 下载免费PDF全文
J. Winkler S. Kersten U. Meyer H. Stinshoff L. Locher J. Rehage C. Wrenzycki U. H. Engelhardt S. Dänicke 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):847-855
To investigate the usefulness of follicular fluid (FF) in relation to blood plasma and bile as indicators of exposure of dairy cows to ZEN, DON and their metabolites, a dose–response study was performed with 30 dairy cows. The cows, 10 in each group (named CON; FUS‐50, FUS‐100), received a diet with three different concentrations of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated maize. Thereby, the following dietary concentration were reached: CON (0.02 mg ZEN and 0.07 mg DON, per kg dry matter, DM), FUS‐50 (0.33 mg ZEN and 2.62 mg DON, per kg DM) and FUS‐100 (0.66 mg ZEN and 5.24 mg DON, per kg DM). ZEN, DON and de‐epoxy‐DON (de‐DON) were detected in FF. Based on the linear regression between toxin concentration in plasma and FF, it seems that about 50 % (m = 0.5) of ZEN present in plasma is present in FF while an increase of 1 ng/ml DON or de‐DON in plasma is paralleled by an increase of 1.5 ng/ml DON or 1.1 ng/ml de‐DON in FF. ZEN, DON and their metabolites, except zearalenone (ZAN), were also detected in bile. Contrary to DON and de‐DON, ZEN and its metabolites were accumulated in bile so that the concentration of ZEN and metabolites was much higher than for DON and de‐DON. The main compound was β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL). The biliary ZEN, α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL) and β‐ZEL concentration correlated linearly with each other with an uncertainty of <15 % (r2 ≥ 0.86), whereas the ratio between ZEN: α‐ZEL: β‐ZEL was about 1.5:1:11. With the help of established linear relationship between toxin intake and toxin concentration, bile could be used as diagnostic indicator to assess the exposure of cows. 相似文献
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Eun-Joo Kim Sang-Hee Jeong Joon-Hyoung Cho Hyun-Ok Ku Hyun-Mi Pyo Hwan-Goo Kang Kyoung-Ho Choi 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):257-266
This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for dioxynivalenol (DON) intoxication. B6C3F1 male mice were orally exposed to 0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) DON for 8 days and the differential protein expressions in their blood plasma were determined by SELDI - Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (TOF/MS) and the immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A, M and E in the serum were investigated. 11.7 kDa protein was significantly highly expressed according to DON administration and this protein was purified by employing a methyl ceramic HyperD F column with using optimization buffer for adsorption and desorption. The purified protein was identified as a haptoglobin precursor by peptide mapping with using LC/Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS and this was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. IgG and IgM in serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner and IgA was decreased at 7.5 mg/kg bw DON administration, but the IgE level was not changed. To compare the expressions of haptoglobin and the Igs patterns between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and DON intoxications, rats were orally administered with AFB1 1.0, ZEA 240 and DON 7.5 mg/kg bw for 8 days. Haptoglobin was increased only at DON 7.5 mg/kg bw, while it was slightly decreased at ZEA 240 mg/kg bw and it was not detected at all at AFB1 1.0 mg/kg bw. IgG and IgA were decreased by DON, but IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were all increased by AFB1. No changes were observed by ZEA administration. These results show that plasma haptoglobin could be a diagnostic biomarker for DON intoxication when this is combined with examining the serum Igs. 相似文献
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Sasithorn PRALATNET Saranya POAPOLATHEP Kanjana IMSILP Phanwimol TANHAN Supaporn ISARIYODOM Susumu KUMAGAI Amnart POAPOLATHEP 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1151-1155
To evaluate the fate of deoxynivalenol (DON) in broilers, DON was administered either
intravenously or orally to broilers at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW. Concentrations of DON in
plasma were measurable up to 4 hr and 2 hr after intravenous and oral administration,
respectively. Following intravenous administration, the values for the elimination
half-life, the volume of distribution and the clearance were 1.25 ± 0.25 hr, 7.55 ± 2.03
l/kg and 4.16 ± 0.42 l/hr/kg, respectively. The oral
bioavailability was 15.46 ± 4.02%. DON was detectable in all tissues examined after oral
administration. These results suggest that DON is able to penetrate into the various
tissues in broilers, though poorly absorbed from their gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
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4周龄雌性小鼠120只,随机分为4个处理组,每组30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1~3组在基础日粮中分别添加50,100,150 mg/kg的玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)。饲喂20 d后,采集发情前期、发情期及产仔后次日小鼠血液,并测定血清性激素、脂肪因子水平。制备子宫石蜡切片,观察ZEA对子宫形态结构的影响。分娩后记录产仔数。结果显示:(1)发情前期,1组和3组子宫内膜增厚(P<0.01),3组子宫肌层增厚(P<0.05)。随着ZEA添加量的增加,子宫内膜的腺体增多,腺腔变大。P_4、LH水平随ZEA剂量增加而降低(P<0.01),低剂量ZEA使FSH水平降低(P<0.05),内脂素水平升高(P<0.01)。中、高剂量ZEA使E_2、LEP水平升高(P<0.01)。(2)发情期,中、高剂量ZEA使子宫内膜增厚(P<0.01),3个试验组均使子宫肌膜增厚(P<0.01)。随ZEA添加量的增加,E_2、LEP、内脂素水平均升高(P<0.01),P_4、FSH、LH水平均降低(P<0.01)。(3)产仔后期,中剂量ZEA组子宫腔闭合,腺腔变大。不同ZEA添加量均使E2水平升高(P<0.01),中剂量ZEA使FSH水平极显著降低(P<0.01)、LH水平降低(P<0.05),高剂量ZEA使LEP、内脂素水平升高(P<0.01)。(4)小鼠产仔数没有明显变化(P>0.05),但试验组均出现死胎。结果表明,ZEA能够引起雌性小鼠子宫形态结构变化,激素分泌紊乱,并出现死胎。ZEA通过增加脂肪沉积而影响动物生殖功能可能是其类雌激素样作用机制之一。 相似文献