日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪小肠形态和木糖吸收影响

本研究的目的是评定日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪小肠形态,木糖吸收能力以及生长性能的影响。48头（28±2）日龄的仔猪被随机分成3组。玉米—大豆型基础日粮含有20.3%的蛋白质和14.49DEMJ/kg。试验的日粮处理组分别为：基础日粮（对照组）,1%（1%谷氨酰胺）日粮处理组和2%（2%谷氨酰胺）日粮处理组。仔猪采食试...     

日粮蛋白质和乳糖水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫性能的影响

文章旨在评估日粮粗蛋白质和乳糖水平对断奶后前2周仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫的影响。试验将21日龄断奶、平均初始体重为（6.55±0.01）kg的600头仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复25头。断奶仔猪试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即2种粗蛋白质水平（20.5%和22.5%）以及2个乳糖水平（5%和10%）,试验为期14 d。结果：无论日粮乳糖水平如何,低蛋白组断奶仔猪的末重、日增重和采食量均显著高于高蛋白质日粮组（P＜0.05）。低蛋白质日粮组仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度均显著高于高蛋白质日粮组（P＜0.05）。在相同日粮蛋白质水平条件下,10%乳糖组十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著高于5%乳糖组（P＜0.05）。日粮蛋白质和乳糖水平对十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的影响具有显著交互作用（P＜0.05）。在相同乳糖水平条件下,高蛋白质日粮组血清IgM浓度显著高于低蛋白质日粮组（P＜0.05）。结论：低蛋白质日粮（20.5%）可以改善仔猪断奶后前2周的生长性能,补充10%乳糖可以提高十二指肠绒毛高度,而高蛋白质日粮可以提高血清IgM浓度。 [关键词]乳糖|断奶仔猪|生长性能|肠道形态|免疫     

日粮添加姜黄素对宫内发育迟缓断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道组织形态的影响

为了解姜黄素对宫内发育迟缓(intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR)断奶仔猪肠道组织形态和生长发育的影响,选取16头正常初生体重(normal birth weight, NBW)仔猪和16头IUGR仔猪,公母各半;26日龄断奶,分别饲喂基础日粮或姜黄素日粮(基础日粮+400 mg/kg姜黄素),即N(NBW+基础日粮)、NC(NBW+姜黄素日粮)、I(IUGR+基础日粮)和IC(IUGR+姜黄素日粮),每组8头,饲养至50日龄屠宰取样。结果显示:日粮添加姜黄素可以显著降低肠道隐窝深度(CD)(P0.05),显著升高肠道长度以及十二指肠绒毛高度(VH)和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(VCR)、空肠回肠VH和VCR的值(P0.05),显著提高干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪和总能量的表观消化率(P0.05);日粮添加姜黄素还可以提高肠道二糖酶活性、回肠黏膜胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)的含量以及IGF-1 mRNA表达量,增加肠道绒毛、微绒毛长度。提示:姜黄素可以改善IUGR断奶仔猪的肠道组织形态和消化吸收功能,促进生长发育。     

发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶及肠道菌群结构的影响

【目的】本试验旨在探讨发酵豆粕(FSBM)对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道菌群结构的影响。【方法】试验选取48头21日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大,6.88 kg±0.13 kg),随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲粮为基础饲粮,试验饲粮用6%FSBM等量替代基础饲粮中的豆粕。试验期为20 d。试验期间记录采食量和体重。试验第21天,每个重复选取2头猪屠宰,收集回肠食糜测定消化酶活性和肠道菌群结构,并对两者进行相关性分析。【结果】(1)饲喂FSBM可显著提高断奶仔猪的终末体重和平均日增重(average daily gain, ADG),并显著降低了料重比(feed/gain, F/G)(P<0.05);(2)FSBM组断奶仔猪回肠中的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);(3)饲喂FSBM显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠食糜中拟杆菌门、普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31类群、厌氧弧菌属、瘤胃菌科UCG-005、普氏菌属2、巨型球菌属、副杆菌属、Solobacterium及毛螺菌科UCG-004的相对丰度,显著降低了链球菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05);(...     

日粮添加低聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

该试验旨在研究日粮中添加低聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选取180头遗传背景和体重相近的28日龄断奶仔猪,采用单因子试验设计,按完全随机区组法分为3组,每组60头仔猪。各处理组仔猪分别饲喂基础日粮(A组)、基础日粮+1 5%低聚糖(B组)、基础日粮+3.0%低聚糖(C组)的试验日粮,分两阶段饲喂,前期16 d,后期17 d,共33 d。自试验开始至结束,每日观察猪只外表,如皮毛肤色、长势、整齐度等情况.记录仔猪呕吐、腹泻头数,并记录饲料消耗量,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重以及料重比等指标。结果表明:1)日粮中添加低聚糖可有效改善仔猪皮毛肤色和体型。与对照组相比,添加1.5%低聚糖组和添加3.0%低聚糖组的仔猪皮毛肤色更为光滑、红润,且体型更均匀壮实。2)日粮中添加低聚糖可有效改善仔猪生长性能。与对照组相比,添加1.5%和3.0%低聚糖均可提高仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低料重比以及腹泻率,其中添加3.0%低聚糖可显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重,显著降低料重比。由此表明,在该试验添加水平范围内,日粮添加低聚糖可改善断奶仔猪皮毛肤色和体型,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。     

日粮添加铬对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验选择40头体重、胎次、日龄基本一致的健康仔猪,28日龄断奶,随机分成5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组将基础日粮中1.5%、1%、0.5%的鱼粉用同等重量的皮革蛋白粉代替,试验Ⅳ组喂基础日粮+0.02%酵母铬,正试期为35天。结果表明:①日粮添加0.02%酵母铬可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(+20.08%,P<0.01);添加皮革蛋白粉各组都显著地提高了仔猪的日增重(0.5%组提高19.51%,P<0.01;1%组提高18.56%,P<0.05;1.5%组提高14.92%,P<0.05)。②日粮添加0.02%酵母铬显著增加了断奶仔猪平均日采食量(P<0.05),而添加皮革蛋白粉的各组则无显著影响(P>0.05)。③添加0.5%皮革蛋白粉饲料利用率显著提高(P<0.05),其余各组都有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

日粮添加不同水平锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化能力和肠道微生物的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平的锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化能力和肠道微生物数量的影响。试验将25 d断奶、体重平均（6.25±0.12）kg的448头商品仔猪随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复28头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加150、250和500 mg/kg的蛋氨酸锌。结果表明,日粮添加150～500 mg/kg的蛋氨酸锌可显著提高断奶仔猪日平均增重（P <0.05）;与对照组相比,日粮添加150～500 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌断奶仔猪料重比显著降低（P <0.05）;250、500 mg/kg处理组有机物、粗蛋白质、总能、钙和磷的表观消化率较对照组皆显著提高（P <0.05）;与对照组、150 mg/kg处理组比较,250、500 mg/kg处理组肠道大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P <0.05）;各处理组断奶仔猪肠道乳酸杆菌数量皆较对照组有显著提高（P <0.05）,尤其是250 mg/kg处理组仔猪肠道乳酸杆菌数量较其他两处理组显著提高（P <0.05）。结论 ：日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌有利于改善断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化能力及肠...     

日粮添加绿原酸和橙皮苷对断奶仔猪生长性能与肠道功能的影响

旨在研究日粮添加绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,CHA)和橙皮苷(hesperidin,HDN)对断奶仔猪生长性能与肠道功能的影响。本研究选择40头健康长白×大白×荣昌猪三元杂交断奶阉公仔猪((28±2) d,(8.97±1.48) kg),按单因素随机分组分为4组:基础日粮组(CON)、杆菌肽组(BT)、绿原酸组(CHA)、橙皮苷组(HDN)。每组10个重复,每个重复1头,采用单栏饲养。试验期共33 d,其中预试期5 d。测定生长性能、血浆和肝生化指标、肠道黏膜组织形态、肠道黏膜相关蛋白含量与mRNA丰度、肠道微生物区系。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加CHA和HDN能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、胸腺指数和仔猪小肠长度指数(P<0.05);显著提高血浆和肝组织中总抗氧化能力、总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力(P<0.05)。2)CHA、HDN和BT组仔猪空肠绒毛高度和完整性上均优于对照组(P<0.05)。3)CHA组仔猪β-defensins 2蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CHA组仔猪空肠黏膜TNF-αmRNA丰度显著高于HDN组和对照组(P<0.05),HDN组仔猪空肠黏膜IL-8 mRNA丰度高于BT组(P<0.05)。仔猪空肠黏膜HSP₉₀和TLR4蛋白质水平以及TGF-β1 mRNA丰度各处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)CHA和HDN能维持断奶仔猪结肠微生物区系的多样性,保护肠道微生态平衡。研究结果显示,日粮添加绿原酸和橙皮苷能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、空肠黏膜绒毛高度,显著降低料肉比。绿原酸通过促进肠道上皮BD2的表达发挥其抗菌作用,绿原酸通过提高TNF-α发挥抗炎作用,绿原酸和橙皮苷具有抗氧化作用,能维持断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的多样性。     

饲粮含硫氨基酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及酶活性的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮含硫氨基酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及酶活性的影响。试验选择体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪80头,称重后随机分为试验1、2、3、4组,各组饲粮中含硫氨基酸含量分别0.49%、0.64%、0.79%、0.94%,共进行21d。试验结果,仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)随着饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平增加出现先增加后下降的趋势,料肉比(F/C)与之趋势相反,当含硫氨基酸含量为0.79%时(试验3组)生长性能最好。其中,试验2、3组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较试验1组分别增加12.5%、15.9%(P<0.05),F/C较试验1组分别降低10.8%、12.4%(P<0.05)。饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平显著影响仔猪空肠形态,而对十二指肠、回肠形态无显著影响(P>0.05)。相比于试验1组,试验2、3、4组空肠绒毛高度(VH)分别增加8.6%、11.7%、9.1%(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度(CD)分别下降22.6%、16.4%、12.7%(P<0.05),试验2、3组绒毛高度和隐窝深度比(V/C)较试验1组分别增加24.3%、17.4%(P<0.05)。除此之外,饲粮中含硫氨基酸显著影响仔猪空肠中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性(二次P<0.05)及麦芽糖酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平显著影响断奶仔猪小肠发育及空肠内酶活性,改善生长。     

饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群及肠黏膜形态的影响

本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin,LF)对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群及肠黏膜形态的影响。试验选用96头体重相近的21日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+250 mg/kg乳铁蛋白、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白和基础饲粮+750 mg/kg乳铁蛋白,每组4个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。正试期21 d。结果表明,与对照组和750 mg/kg乳铁蛋白组相比,饲粮中添加250和500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白可显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05);与对照组相比,不同水平乳铁蛋白可显著降低盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),其中添加500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白显著提高了盲肠、结肠中乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05),显著降低了结肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05);添加250和500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白极显著提高了十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(P<0.01)。结果提示,饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白可刺激肠道有益菌生长、降低有害菌增殖,从而改善肠道功能,具有提高仔猪生长性能的作用,本试验条件下乳铁蛋白的适宜添加量为250 mg/kg。     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态结构的影响

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表现消化率及肠道形态结构的影响,试验选取同批次体况相近的21日龄[杜×长×大,(6.39±0.36)kg]断奶仔猪180头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0×106、1.0×107 cfu/g凝结芽孢...     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共设5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验期为28d,分为前期(1～14d)和后期(15～28d)两个阶段。结果表明:非淀粉多糖酶能显著提高断奶仔猪后期、全期日增重,降低料重比(P0.05);能显著降低仔猪腹泻发生率(P0.05),复合酶Ⅱ效果好于复合酶Ⅰ。     

地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响

为研究地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响,试验采用体重、健康状况相近的(25±1)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4组(对照组、400mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌组、200mg/kg低聚木糖组和地衣芽孢杆菌+低聚木糖组),每组5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。结果表明:(1)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪的平均日增重显著提高15.1%和12.8%(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低34.1%和41.2%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪的料肉比显著降低10.6%(P<0.05);(2)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪空肠的绒毛高度显著提高20.3%和16.3%(P<0.05),绒隐比显著提高31.5%和20.7%;(3)地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪血清D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平显著降低14.6%和19.1%(P<0.05);(4)低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便乳杆菌数量显著提高5.3%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便大肠杆菌数量显著降低12.5%和9.4%(P<0.05),并且两者有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。因此,断奶仔猪日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖可以改善仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,改善肠道绒毛结构和屏障功能,促进肠道微生物平衡。     

发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响

为研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕(FSBM)对仔猪肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响,试验选择初始体重为(7.5±0.5)kg的纯种大白断奶仔猪60头,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂含豆粕(SBM)饲料,试验组饲喂含发酵豆粕(FSBM)的饲料,试验期30d。试验结束时,每组随机选择6头仔猪,收集小肠内三个不同部位的组织样本观察肠道形态,同时采集肠道内容物样品,测定消化酶活性。结果表明:与SBM组相比,FSBM组仔猪小肠三个不同部位的绒毛高度均显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05),仔猪胰腺胰蛋白酶活性显著下降(P<0.05)。综上,FSBM能改善断奶仔猪肠道形态和消化酶活性。     

Effect of fermented blood cells on growth performance and intestinal characteristics of weaned piglets

The increase in feed costs has led feeder to replace protein source. Blood meal can be used in piglet diets instead of fish meal (FM). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented blood cells (FBCs) on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. One hundred eighty 28‐day‐old piglets were assigned and were divided into 4 groups (9 L per groups and 5 pigs per litters) randomly. The piglets were fed one of four experimental diets, fish meal, blood cells (BCs), liquid‐state fermented blood cells (LFBCs) or solid‐state fermented blood cells (SFBCs) respectively. The dietary with LFBCs and SFBCs increased the average daily gain and feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < .05). In duodenum, LFBC group increased the villous height (p < .05). The SFBC and LFBC group significantly increased the villous height (p < .05) in the jejunum. Fermented blood cells exhibit a positive regulatory function on the intestinal tract and modulate intestinal microflora. Compared with the fish meal group, the CAT, GSH‐PX and SOD activity, and MDA level was no significant differences in jejunum and plasma of weaned piglets (p > .05). LFBCs and SFBCs significantly increased the bifidobacteria and lactobacillus number in the caecum (p < .05). Dietary LFBCs increased the expression of ZO‐1 mRNA in the jejunal of weaned piglets (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary with fermented blood cells in weaned piglets had improved growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets.     

Bacillus subtilis Z-27制剂对仔猪肠道酶活及消化性能的影响

试验目的在于研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27制剂对断奶仔猪肠道消化酶活力、常规营养成分、生长性能的影响,为该菌剂的益生机理的研究提供参考。将供试仔猪分为试验组和对照组,试验组饲喂添加0.1%Z-27菌剂的T2饲料,对照组饲喂T2饲料。采用GB/T 23527—2009、GB/T8275—2009等方法测定仔猪粪便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶等消化酶活力;利用GB/T 6435—2006、GB/T6432—94等方法测定粪便中水分、粗蛋白质等常规养分的含量;记录采食量并称取始重和末重。试验表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪的粪便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶的平均活力和脂肪酶水解液酸价分别提高了62.99%、34.56%、133.10%和66.57%;粪便中残留的粗蛋白质、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗纤维等有机成分含量分别下降了30.51%、52.13%、18.44%和26.73%,而无机成分的含量基本无变化;平均日增重提高了9.38%,料重比降低了4.94%。研究表明,枯草芽孢杆菌Z-27制剂具有提高仔猪肠道消化酶活力、提高饲料转化率、改善仔猪生长性能的作用。     

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum parameters,intestinal morphology,and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.     

The effect of dietary high energy density and carbohydrate energy ratio on digestive enzymes activity,nutrient digestibility,amino acid utilization and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets

This study evaluated the effect of high or low digestible energy ratio of carbohydrate in a high or normal dietary energy density on performance, amino acid utilization and intestinal functions of weaned piglets. A total of 32 healthy weaners (9.60 ± 0.13 kg) were allocated to two dietary energy densities (3,400 and 3,800 kcal/kg) and two digestible energy ratio of carbohydrate to fat (9:1 and 3:1) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were eight piglets per treatment. The feed intake of piglets was significantly increased by dietary high carbohydrate ratio (9:1) (p < 0.01); however, this did not result in improved body weight gain (p > 0.05). The piglets fed high carbohydrate energy ratio had a reduced villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio in the duodenum (p < 0.05), and dietary high energy density further decreased the VH/CD ratio in the ileum (p < 0.01). In the duodenum, the lymphocyte count was increased by dietary high energy density (p < 0.05), while dietary energy density and carbohydrate energy ratio interacted to increase lymphocyte count in the ileum (p < 0.05). The serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein were not significantly affected (p > 0.05), but dietary energy density interacted with dietary energy ratio to increase high‐density lipoprotein concentration (p < 0.05) in piglets fed reduced carbohydrate energy ratio. Dietary high energy density reduced energy digestibility (p < 0.05), whereas high carbohydrate energy ratio increased crude protein digestibility in the piglets (p < 0.05). The intestinal sucrase, lactase activities and serum concentrations of histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, alanine, glycine, tyrosine and citrulline were higher in the piglets fed dietary increased carbohydrate energy ratio. Oxidative stress markers and volatile fatty acids concentrations were altered by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that dietary high energy density could be detrimental to piglets intestinal functions and that increased carbohydrate energy ratio could affect amino acid utilization and body weight gain in weaner pigs.     

复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能及肠道酶活性的影响

将200只21日龄罗斯肉鸡分成5个处理组:处理1组(正对照组)、处理2组(负对照组),处理3～5组在负对照组日粮基础上各添加一种商业复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂产品。测定肉鸡生长性能及42日龄肠道消化酶活性。结果显示:处理3组肉鸡的料肉比显著优于(P≤0.05)处理1、2和5组;末体重指标,处理3和4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于处理2和5组。处理3组肉鸡十二指肠的淀粉酶以及十二指肠内容物的蛋白酶活性显著高于(P≤0.05)处理1和2组。处理4和5组肉鸡的十二指肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性差异不显著,但显著低于处理3组。处理3组肉鸡空肠内容物的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于其它4个处理组。以上结果说明,选用复合NSP酶制剂应实测产品的酶种类和酶活性,以合理有效使用。     

饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。