复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

通过在怀孕后期和哺乳期母猪日粮中添加不同水平的硫酸亚铁和复合有机铁,以及肌注铁与否来考察复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明,与无机铁相比,母猪饲粮中添加复合有机铁可提高母猪产活仔率和断奶仔猪存活率,提高仔猪10日龄、21日龄体重;综合铁源、铁水平以及肌注补铁的效应,添加120 mg/kg复合有机铁,同时仔猪均辅以肌注补铁,可显著提高仔猪肌注7日龄和断奶时体重(P<0.05)。     

有机微量元素对母猪繁殖性能的影响

微量元素对母猪繁殖性能具有重要的影响。微量元素除满足母猪自身组织生长和维持需要外,还要满足胚胎的生长发育和泌乳的需要,并通过调节内分泌和生理状况来影响母猪的生产性能。加之,养殖业的集约化程度越来越高,现代育种的出色成果也使畜禽的生长性能大幅提升,使母猪在泌乳期很难通过天然常规饲料来满足对必需元素的需求。在一般情况下,母猪日粮都添加无机状态的微量元素。许多研究显示,无机微量元素因其生物学效价     

复合植物提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究复合植物提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选取40头妊娠85 d大长二元母猪,随机分为对照组、植物提取物组(1000 mg/kg),每头猪为一个重复,试验期为妊娠85 d至分娩。结果表明:植物提取物组仔猪初生重较对照组提高7.6%(P<0.05),并且植物提取物组高初生重仔猪的比例增加(P<0.01),低初生重仔猪的比例减少(P<0.05)。综上,复合植物提取物可提高仔猪初生重,改善仔猪均匀度,提高母猪的繁殖性能。     

有机微量元素对母猪繁殖性能的影响研究

自从开发出有机微量元素以来,对其营养价值的研究目前已经取得了很大的进展,“有机”或“蛋白源”的矿物元素比无机矿物元素有较高的生物学效价,有机微量元素不仅有较高的利用率,同时在代谢和生理方面还有更大的优势,可使动物生产潜能进一步发挥(Ammerman,1998)。对于添加不同有机微量元素对母猪生产性能影响报道有很多,并且多为正效应(谭会泽等,2001;付双喜等,2001)。但是这些报道基本上都是限定某一种特定的有机微量元素,并且主要集中在单一的添加有机态的铁、硒,而对于添加复合有机微量元素对母猪繁殖性能影响的研究则很少。本试验研究…     

复合脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能、仔猪抗氧化性能和免疫性能的影响

试验旨在研究复合脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能、仔猪抗氧化性能和免疫性能的影响。选择体况相近、健康、预产期接近的4～6胎次美系母猪42头,随机分成3组,每组14个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础饲粮中添加长链脂肪酸和中链脂肪酸比例为8∶2的复合脂肪酸,试验Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加长链脂肪酸和中链脂肪酸比例为7∶3的复合脂肪酸。试验从妊娠期第107 d开始,至仔猪21日龄断奶时结束,试验共28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组母猪初乳中乳脂率和总固形物含量显著提高（P<0.05）;试验Ⅰ组15、22日龄仔猪的丙二醛（MDA）含量有降低的趋势（P>0.05）。研究表明,在母猪妊娠后期和哺乳期饲粮中添加长链脂肪酸和中链脂肪酸比例为8∶2复合脂肪酸,可以改善母猪初乳品质,增强仔猪机体的抗氧化能力。     

饲粮铁水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和生化参数的影响

30头妊娠母猪随机分为3组,研究了饲粮不同铁水平对其繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,饲粮铁水平200mg/kg组和300mg/kg组与100mg/kg组相比,妊娠母猪90d血清孕酮水平、所生仔猪初生重、仔猪（生后不补铁）断奶重、新生仔猪血红蛋白量和红细胞数都有不同程度的提高;母猪血清含量和仔猪肝脏铁含量也有不同程度的提高。上述提示,适度提高母猪饲粮铁水平能改善母猪的繁殖性能和预防仔猪贫血。     

甘草提取物对初产母猪繁殖性能和抗氧化功能的影响

文章旨在研究不同剂量甘草提取物对初产母猪繁殖性能及抗氧化功能的影响,选取妊娠90日龄初产母猪（长×大）60头,按照体况一致原则随机分为3个处理,每个处理20个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组添加500、1 000 mg/kg甘草提取物（以营养包方式添加）。试验期46 d（妊娠90日龄至哺乳期21 d）。结果显示,3个处理母猪繁殖性能无显著差异（P>0.05）,仔猪哺乳期窝增重有一定程度增加（P>0.05）;甘草提取物能显著提高母猪分娩时血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平（P<0.05）,显著降低丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）。综合来看,妊娠后期母猪饲粮中甘草提取物推荐剂量以500 mg/kg为宜。     

复方中草药对母猪繁殖性能、免疫和抗氧化功能及其仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究一种复方中草药（方剂组成：王不留行、通草、川芎和漏芦）对母猪繁殖性能、免疫和抗氧化功能及其仔猪生长性能的影响。选取1～2胎次的杜×长×大三元杂交母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,复方中草药组在基础饲粮中添加3.25%的复方中草药,试验期为临产前1周至分娩后3周,共28 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,复方中草药组母猪的泌乳量、健仔率和仔猪初生个体重极显著提高（P <0.01）,平均头产程极显著缩短（P<0.01）;复方中草药组母猪初乳中乳蛋白率、乳糖率、非乳脂固体和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高（P<0.05）,尿素氮含量显著降低（P<0.05）;复方中草药组母猪血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性显著或极显著提高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,IgG含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;复方中草药组仔猪的断奶窝重和断奶个体重极显著提高（P<0.01）,哺乳期死亡率显著降低（P<0.05）...     

蛋氨酸铁螯合物对提高母猪繁殖性能的效果研究

蛋氨酸铁螯合物对母猪繁殖性能的作用的试验研究表明,蛋氨酸铁螯合物组比硫酸亚铁组,初产母猪首次配种受胎率平均提高７２％,胎产活仔数平均增加０３７头,初产死胎率平均降低２１％,断奶仔猪成活率平均提高２９％,断奶至产后发情配种的间隔时间平均缩短１３５ｄ;第２胎～第８胎的经产母猪的胎产死胎率降低７１％～２９．６％,断奶仔猪成活率相对降低３１％～６．２％;饲喂蛋氨酸铁螯合物的母猪体况变化平稳,直至第８胎的仔猪仍具有较高的育成率。结果表明,在母猪日粮中应用蛋氨酸铁螯合物替代硫酸亚铁,对母猪繁殖性能的作用效果明显。     

复合脂肪对繁殖母猪生产性能影响的研究

为了弄清复合脂肪中的高卵磷脂和必需脂肪酸对改进繁殖母猪生产性能的功效。选择妊娠85 d母猪(长白×大白)24头,随机分为2个处理。研究结果表明:妊娠后期和泌乳期母猪日粮添加复合脂肪,能提高断奶仔猪体重(P0.05),有提高产仔数(P=0.09)和断奶活仔猪数(P=0.08)的趋势,以及降低弱仔数的趋势(P=0.10)。同时,复合脂肪的添加,减少了母猪皮屑、改善了毛色亮度,减少了便秘。母猪妊娠后期日粮使用1.5%复合脂肪,泌乳期使用3%复合脂肪,替代等量大豆油,产仔数增加了2.85%,弱仔数降低了7.69%,仔猪断奶体重提高了2.19%,断奶活仔猪数增加2.10%。复合脂肪中的高卵磷脂和必需脂肪酸可以改进母猪生产性能和仔猪健康。     

Effects of different gestation housing types on reproductive performance of sows

This study evaluated the effects of different gestation housing types on reproductive performance of sows. A total of 60 sows (218 ± 24 kg body weight) with mixed parity were used. During gestation, 28 sows were housed in groups with electronic sow feeders (space allowance = 1.26 m²/sow) and 32 sows were housed in individual stalls (space allowance = 1.20 m²/sow). Sows from both housing types were moved to farrowing crates on day 109 of gestation and stayed until weaning (18 days post‐farrowing). Typical corn‐soybean meal diets were provided to sows during gestation and lactation. Measurements were reproductive performance of sows at farrowing as well as performance of sows and their litter during lactation. Similar total numbers of piglets born at farrowing were observed for sows gestated in both housing types. However, group‐housed gestation sows had more mummies (0.321 vs. 0.064; P < 0.05) and stillbirths (0.893 vs. 0.469; P = 0.073) at farrowing than individual‐housed gestation sows. Consequently, individual‐housing type had higher percentage of piglets born alive (95.5 vs. 90.4%; P < 0.05) than the group‐housing type. Therefore, improved reproductive performance of sows from individual gestating housing was confirmed in this study.     

饲粮阴离子配比对母猪生殖机能与血清生化指标的影响

选取胎次相近、体况相似、健康状况良好的长×大二元杂交空怀母猪100头,将其均分成5组,每组20头。第1、2、3、4、5组母猪被分别喂以D1、D2、D3、D4、D5试验饲粮。在饲养试验期间,测定母猪窝产仔数,仔猪初生重、成活率、断奶重,母猪产后发情间隔天数（空怀天数）、返情率等繁殖指标;并分别于母猪采食试验饲粮后5d、孕后30d、产仔后7d,每组取8头母猪前腔静脉采血,测定血清中Cl-、Na＋、HCO3-、FSH、LH、Pg含量,GPT、GOT活性等生化参数。根据各项指标测定的结果可推断：第3组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl 0．40％、NaHC3。0．40％）最宜;其次是第4组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl0．40％、NaHCO。0．80％）较宜;再次是第2组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl0．40％、NaHCO30．80％）。第1、5组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比似乎不够理想,即母猪饲粮中添加的NaCl过少（0．20％）或过多（0．80％）。     

Effects of dietary glucose level during late gestation on litter performance and glucose concentration in sows

The effects of feeding glucose during the 5 days before parturition on litter performance and on glucose concentration in sows were studied. At day 100 of gestation, 130 multiparous sows were assigned to the treatments. Late gestating sows were fed 0 g, 150 g, 250 g, 350 g and 450 g of glucose a day, respectively. During lactation, all sows were given free access to the same lactation diet (without glucose). One day before parturition, blood samples were collected from 30 sows (6 sows per treatment) at 10 before and 20, 40, 60 and 80 min after the meal. The supply of additional dietary glucose increased piglet birth weight ( P  < 0.05). Feed intake in week 1 and week 1–4 of lactation was greatest in sows fed the 0% glucose diet, least by sows fed the 18% glucose diet, and intermediate by sows fed the 6, 10, 14% glucose diets ( P  < 0.05). Basal glucose concentration and time of maximum glucose concentration after glucose intake were not affected by dietary treatment in the last 5 days of gestation. The sows fed the 14 and 18% glucose diets had greater maximum increase in glucose concentration than sows fed diet without glucose ( P  < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding glucose to sows during 5 days before parturition increased birth weight of live-born piglet and decreased sows feed intake during lactation, but did not affect the performance of sows and piglets.     

Evaluation of high nutrient diets and additional dextrose on reproductive performance and litter performance of heat‐stressed lactating sows

This study investigated the litter performance of lactating sows fed nutrient‐dense diets with or without dextrose at farrowing to weaning, during the summer with an average room temperature of 28.4°C. A total of 60 (13 first parity, 13 second parity, 19 third parity, and 15 forth parity) cross‐bred sows were assigned to three treatments. The three treatments were: standard diet (ST), high nutrient diet (HN; ST + 3% higher energy and 18.0% protein), and high nutrient diet plus dextrose (HND; 3% higher energy, 18.0% protein, and 5% dextrose). BW loss was reduced in the HND sows compared with the ST sows during lactation. The HN and HND sows had a higher piglet and litter weight at weaning. Also, the HND sows had the highest post‐prandial insulin levels at weaning and the shortest weaning‐to‐service interval (WSI). Serum LH was higher in the HND sows than the ST sows. The milk fat level was higher in the HND sows compared with the ST sows, but similar to the HN sows. In conclusion, these results suggest that it is possible to increase the blood insulin response by supplementing dextrose to a high nutrient diet, thus, improving WSI interval and litter growth during heat stress.     

复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响

试验通过研究复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂在黑豚养殖生产中的推广应用奠定基础。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将40对种黑豚随机分成对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组4个处理组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg复合微生态制剂的日粮,试验结束测定平均产仔数、平均活仔数、平均活仔率、仔黑豚初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、料乳比、仔黑豚平均日增重、仔黑豚平均成活率等指标。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组的料乳比较对照组降低3.40%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高19.44%、19.87%、2.82%、28.80%、21.21%、4.05%、18.01%(P<0.05),料乳比较对照组降低5.97%(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高22.22%、19.23%、2.77%、26.91%、19.48%、3.81%、15.12%,料乳比较对照组降低5.88%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组之间,各检测指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,复合微生态制剂可显著提高母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能和仔黑豚生长性能,其最适添加剂量为1.0g/kg。     

Effect of gestation dietary methionine-to-lysine ratio on methionine metabolism and antioxidant ability of high-prolific sows

The uptake and metabolism of methionine (Met) are critical for epigenetic regulation, redox homeostasis, and embryo development. Our previous study showed that appropriate supplementation of dietary Met promoted the birth weight and placental angiogenesis of high-prolific sows. To further explore the metabolic effect of Met on pregnant sows, we have evaluated the influence of dietary Met level on Met metabolism, and the relationship between metabolites of Met and reproductive performance, antioxidant ability, and placental angiogenesis throughout the gestation of high-prolific sows. Sixty sows (the 3rd parity, Large White) were randomly divided into 5 groups that were fed diets with standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine-to-lysine (Met:Lys) ratios of 0.27 (control), 0.32, 0.37, 0.42, and 0.47 from the mating day (gestational d 0, G0d) until the farrowing day. HPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to simultaneously evaluate the metabolites related to Met, e.g. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH). The concentration of SAM and SAH in plasma had significant fluctuations, especially in late pregnancy. Increasing dietary Met supplementation significantly improved the plasma SAM and methylation potential (SAM-to-SAH ratio) at d 114 of pregnancy (G114d). Moreover, a positive association of the plasma SAM concentration at G114d was observed with the litter weight of born alive (P < 0.05; R² = 0.58). Furthermore, Hcy concentration in plasma was at the lowest level for 0.37 ratio group at G114d. However, it significantly increased during late pregnancy. Moreover, there were negative correlations between plasma Hcy concentration at G114d (P < 0.05) and the placental vascular density in the fold and stroma (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the placenta tissue of 0.37 ratio group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary Met:Lys ratio (0.37 to 0.57) in the pregnant diet dose not influence the antioxidant ability of the high-prolific sows; however, the improvement of fetal development and placental angiogenesis of high-prolific sows by supplementation of Met are closely associated to the key Met-related metabolite of SAM and Hcy, respectively.     

饲养管理、环境及体况对妊娠母猪繁殖性能影响的研究进展

在母猪饲养过程中,通过考虑到个体差异可以降低饲料成本,从而提高动物生产效率.因此,对母猪进行精准饲喂可以提供有关动物生产性能和生活条件的实时信息,这些信息应被集成到需求估计中.到目前为止,只有体重和背膘厚度的生产数据被集成到个体营养需求计算中.但文献报道,健康状况和行为(如身体活动、社会行为和在围栏中的位置)会强烈影响...     

金华猪繁殖性状的统计学分析

采用金华猪场1979～1999年金华猪的繁殖性能生产记录,测定了2355头金华母猪(纯繁)和金华猪(K)与约克夏(Y)、长白(L)、杜洛克(D)、汉普夏(H)杂交后代的繁殖性状。综合考虑各性状的各种固定效应,并建立各性状的固定效应模型,对其进行方差分析,计算各性状的最小二乘均数(LSM),对影响较大的固定效应在各观察水平上的LSM进行分析与比较。固定效应分析结果表明:品种、胎次、季节、年份对产活仔数、60日龄头数的影响极显著(P<0.01)。而产仔数受胎次、季节、年份的影响极显著(P<0.01)。金华猪纯繁组以及LK×D、K×L杂交组的产仔数、产活仔数较高,K×L、K×Y杂交组合的60日龄头数较高。而其他外来品种之间杂交组合的繁殖性状显著低(P<0.01)。说明金华猪具有高产的优良特性。金华猪产仔数、产活仔数随胎次逐渐递增,6～7胎达到高峰。金华猪夏季产仔数最高为15.72±1.66,显著高于秋、春、冬(P<0.01)。产活仔数春、夏、秋季无差异(P>0.05),但高于冬季(P<0.05)。1982～1987年间金华猪无论是产仔数还是产活仔数整体都维持较高的水平。