高产蛋鸡日粮中添加酶制剂对产蛋性能的影响

针对西伯利亚和国内相似的本土原料资源:小麦、大麦、菜籽、亚麻荠和亚麻等进行研究。这些原料被广泛应用于禽类饲料中,但这些原料含有大量的植酸和非淀粉多糖(NSP)。饲料中加入微生物性植酸酶,植酸的负面营养特性将显著降低,并进一步提高磷的利用率以及对钙等微量元素、蛋白质和氨基酸的吸收。在日粮中添加复合酶制剂后,能提高能量、粗蛋白、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸的利用率。试验通过在蛋鸡日粮中单独或联合添加植酸酶和复合酶研究其对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响,结果表明,单独添加植酸酶,蛋鸡产蛋性能最佳;日粮中添加酶制剂对蛋鸡存活率并无负面影响。     

日粮中添加女贞子粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

选择150只49周龄、平均体重(1.99±0.17)kg的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、试验组Ⅰ(基础日粮+0.5%女贞子粉)、试验组Ⅱ(基础日粮+1%女贞子粉)。每组设5个重复,每个重复10只蛋鸡,试验期为8周,研究了女贞子粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ产蛋率分别提高了4.86%和11.75%(P0.05)。试验组Ⅰ蛋黄颜色显著高于对照组9.60%(P0.05)。日粮中添加女贞子粉可以提高蛋鸡产蛋率,改善蛋黄颜色,进而提高蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质。     

日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验探讨地衣芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选用440羽28周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20羽,饲养试验为期10周,前2周为预试验,后8周为正试验。试验结果表明:与对照组比较,Ⅱ(0.01%)、Ⅲ(0.02%)和Ⅳ(0.03%)组的产蛋率分别提高了4.2%、3.8%和4.4%,并且差异显著(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的蛋重分别提高0.2g、0.3g和0.8g,差异显著(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的料蛋比分别降低0.12、0.17和0.19,与对照组比较差异均显著(P0.05);Ⅳ组(0.03%)和Ⅱ組(0.01%)蛋白高度显著提高(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,在日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌可以提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善蛋品质,特别是以0.03%含量的表现最好。     

日粮中添加茶多酚对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质影响的Meta分析

根据明确的检索策略和标准选取相关文献,收集整理各文献研究结果后利用Meta分析方法评价在日粮中添加茶多酚(Tea polyphenols,TP)对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,旨在为茶多酚在蛋鸡实际应用提供较为客观的综合性结论。结果显示:共有11篇文献纳入此次Meta分析;日粮中添加茶多酚显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率和平均蛋重,显著降低料蛋比;茶多酚还显著提高蛋黄颜色和减缓哈氏单位下降。综合得出在日粮中添加茶多酚对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质有一定的改善作用,200mg/kg添加水平具有较优的改善效果。     

日粮添加CLA对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

选用72只20周龄母鸡作为试验动物,按单因子设计随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复4只鸡,分别添加0、0.5%和1%共轭亚油酸(CLA)的日粮,以研究CLA对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋中胆固醇和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:添加0.5%和1%CLA并不影响蛋鸡的生产性能;蛋中胆固醇含量随CLA添加水平的提高呈线性降低,试验后添加0.5%和1%CLA组蛋黄中胆固醇含量分别比无添加组降低17.75%和21.24%(P≤0.05);脂肪酸分析结果表明:CLA添加能明显提高蛋黄中饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量,却使蛋黄中单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低,蛋中CLA含量与饱和脂肪酸变化表现出相同规律,即随着日粮中CLA添加水平的提高明显增加,比无添加组分别提高251.56%和265.63%。     

小麦日粮中添加酶制剂对肉用鹌鹑生产性能的影响

360只9日龄肉用鹌鹑饲喂加酶与不加酶小麦日粮。4个小麦加酶组鹌鹑日粮比纯玉米日粮组鹌鹑的体增重分别高5．8％、6．7％、7．2％和9．5％。35％小麦加酶组比小麦无酶组的体增重提高4．4％。表明小麦日粮中添加酶制剂能提高肉用鹌鹑的生产性能。     

米糠基础日粮添加粗酶制剂对蛋公雏生产性能的影响

米糠基础日粮添加粗酶制剂对蛋公雏生产性能的影响王清吉刘永举锁守丽韩正康米糠是稻谷加工后的副产品,全世界目前年产米糠０４亿～０４５亿吨,中国每年大约为０１７亿吨。米糠富含粗蛋白、粗脂肪及维生素Ｂ族,与其它谷物相比,氨基酸组成合理。然而,米糠含较多...     

Effects of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance,eggshell quality,and bone parameters of laying hens fed on maize- and wheat-based diets

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation of maize/wheat-based diets on the performance, egg quality, and serum and bone parameters of laying hens.

2. During the 12-week experimental period, a total of 72 laying hens aged 52 weeks were randomly distributed among 6 experimental groups. Each experimental group contained 4 replicates, each with three birds. The experiment was a randomised design consisting of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of wheat substitution and two levels of enzyme (xylanase: 1500.00 U/kg, β-glucanase: 100 000 U/kg, cellulase: 1 000 000 U/kg, α-amylase: 160 000 U/kg) inclusion in the diet. Wheat replaced 0, 50, or 100% of maize with or without 1.0 g/kg enzyme supplementation in iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental diets.

3. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and the feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by the wheat-based diet. The eggshell quality parameters decreased with enzyme supplementation to the diet.

4. Wheat-based diets adversely affected calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the tibia, but the addition of the enzymes to the wheat-based diet prevented the negative effects of wheat-based diets on tibia mineralisation in laying hens. The wheat-based diets tended to reduce plasma mineral contents, and the addition of enzymes tended to affect plasma minerals and biomechanical properties of the tibia positively in laying hens.

5. These results indicate that wheat-based diets in aged laying hens adversely affected the mineral metabolism compared with maize-based diets, and the negative effects of wheat on bone mineralisation can be prevented by enzyme supplementation to the diets in laying hens.     

Effects of cerium oxide supplementation to laying hen diets on performance,egg quality,some antioxidant enzymes in serum and lipid oxidation in egg yolk

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cerium oxide levels (0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg) on the laying performance, egg quality, some blood serum parameters and egg lipid peroxidation of laying hen. In total, one hundred and twenty 22‐week‐old brown Lohman LSL laying hens were randomly assigned to five groups equally (n = 24). Each treatment was replicated six times. Dietary supplementation of cerium oxide had no significant effect on feed intake and egg weight. The addition of cerium oxide to the laying hens' feed improved feed conversion ratio and increased (p < 0.05) egg production. Quality criteria of egg for except shell breaking strength were not affected by supplementing cerium oxide. In particular, supplementation of 200 and 300 mg/kg cerium oxide to the laying hens feed led to a significant (p < 0. 01) increase in egg shell breaking strength. Calcium and phosphorus concentration of serum increased significantly (p < 0.05) with supplementation of 100 mg/kg cerium oxide to laying hen diets. It was also observed that serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly with supplementation of cerium oxide in diets. Inclusion of cerium oxide resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in egg yolk in this study. It can be concluded that the addition of cerium oxide had positive effects on egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg shelf life. Based on the results of this study, it could be advised to supplement laying hens feed with cerium oxide as feed additives.     

Dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide level and xylanase supplementation influence performance,egg quality and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed wheat-based diets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide (sNSP) content and xylanase supplementation on production performance, egg quality parameters, and nutrient digestibility in Hy-line Brown layers from 25 to 32 wk of age. A total of 144 Hy-line Brown laying hens (25 wk of age) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 wheat-based dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design, with 36 replicates of individual hens per treatment. The diets were formulated to contain either a high or low sNSP level (at 13.3 or 10.8 g/kg) and were supplemented with either 0 or 12,000 BXU/kg exogenous xylanase. Birds were fed these treatment diets for an 8-wk period, and hen production performance, including daily egg production, average egg weight, daily egg mass, feed conversion ratio and proportion of dirty and abnormal eggs were measured at bird age 25 to 28 wk and 29 to 32 wk. An interaction between sNSP content of the diet and xylanase supplementation was observed on daily egg production from 25 to 28 wk of age (P = 0.018); birds fed the high sNSP diet without xylanase had lower egg production than those fed any other treatment. An interaction between the 2 dietary factors was also observed on hen weight gain at 29 to 32 wk of age (P = 0.014), with birds fed the low sNSP diet with 12,000 BXU/kg xylanase presenting greater weight gain compared to those fed the high sNSP diet with 12,000 BXU/kg xylanase. Feed intake at 29 to 32 wk of age was reduced by xylanase supplementation (P = 0.047). Xylanase supplementation also increased yolk colour score at both 28 and 32 wk of age, and decreased yolk weight at 32 wk of age (P = 0.014, 0.037 and 0.013, respectively). Birds fed the low sNSP diet presented lower protein digestibility (P = 0.024) than those fed the high sNSP diet. Additionally, birds fed high sNSP presented higher shell reflectivity at both 28 and 32 wk of age (P = 0.05 and 0.036, respectively). The influence of duration of feeding the treatment diets on egg quality was also determined. It was observed that egg weight, yolk weight and yolk colour score consistently increased over time, regardless of experimental treatment effects. In contrast, Haugh Unit and albumen height significantly decreased throughout the study period in all treatments, although this was less pronounced in hens fed the treatment with high sNSP and no supplemental xylanase. A reduction in shell breaking strength over time was observed only in hens fed the treatments without xylanase addition, and shell thickness was improved over time only in birds fed the low sNSP diet with xylanase. The impacts of the dietary treatments were largely inconsistent in this study, so a solid conclusion cannot be drawn. However, these findings do indicate that dietary NSP level influences layer production performance, and thus should be considered when formulating laying hen diets. It also proved that further research is warranted into how to optimize the benefits of xylanase application in laying hens.     

小麦型日粮中添加限制性酶对肉鸡生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响

文章旨在研究小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重一致的1日龄肉仔鸡800只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复32只。共开展两个试验,试验1共5种日粮:对照组(小麦型1～28 d),处理1(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶21～28 d),处理2(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶14～28 d),处理3(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶7～28 d),处理4(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶1～28 d);试验2同样5种日粮:对照组(小麦型1～36 d),处理1(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶27～36 d),处理2(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶18～36 d),处理3(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶9～36 d),处理4(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶1～36 d)。结果显示:1～28 d肉鸡饲喂添加木聚糖日粮较未添加组和21～28 d显著提高了肉鸡的末重(P <0.05);与对照组相比,各处理组在15～21 d,22～28 d和1～28 d料重比均表现为显著降低(P <0.05)。1～36 d肉鸡日粮添加木聚糖酶较对照组(无酶)或27～36 d组显著提高了肉鸡末重(P <0.05);试验期间(1～36 d)添加木聚糖酶较对照组和27～36 d添加木聚糖酶组显著降低了料重比(P <0.05)。1～36 d肉鸡日粮添加木聚糖酶较对照组显著降低了回肠内容物黏度(P <0.05)。结论 :在小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶可以有效促进肉鸡生长后期的生长,而整个试验期不需要一直添加木聚糖酶。     

当归补血散对高龄蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

120只390日龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组。以日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%剂量的当归补血散饲喂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡群,Ⅳ组为对照组。连续给药15 d。分别观察各组每天的产蛋率、日产蛋量等生产性能指标;于第8、15、22、30天各组随机收集10枚蛋测蛋品质指标。结果:试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ的产蛋率比对照组提高了8.80%(P<0.01)、4.99%(P<0.05);日产蛋量均与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),分别提高了12.12%、6.82%;料蛋比与对照组相比降低了12.46%(P<0.01)、11.42%(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组的蛋形指数与对照组有显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的蛋壳厚度与对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)。其余指标与对照组差异不大(P>0.05)。结论:1%剂量可以明显提高高龄蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质。     

Effects of beak trimming and cage design on laying hen performance and egg quality

1. Conventional cages are to be replaced by furnished cages or aviary systems to improve the welfare of hens. We compared the performance and egg quality of hens reared in two designs of furnished cages and of two standard cages. We also explored the consequences of the absence of beak trimming when using these designs. 2. Hens (2028) were housed from 18 to 70 weeks of age in 108 standard cages at 6 per cage (60 cmx63.5 cm), in 96 cages at 5 per cage (59.5 cmx55.5 cm) or in two designs of furnished cage at 15 per cage (24 F15M cages and 36 F15P cages made by two manufacturers) which contained equipment varying in size and location (nests, dust baths and perches). Half of the hens were beak-trimmed in each design. 3. Mortality was low in beak-trimmed hens (<5%) but was unacceptably high in non-beak-trimmed hens due to cannibalism (>40%, 516 hens). Mortality was worse in standard cages than in furnished cages. Consequently, hen-housed egg production was significantly lowered in non-beak-trimmed hens. 4. Egg laying in beak-trimmed hens reared in furnished cages occurred mainly in the nest (80 and 84.8% in F15M and F15P) but also in the dust bath (13.3 and 9.4% in F15M and F15P) and in other parts of the cage (6.7 and 5.8% in F15M and F15P). 5. The total percentage of broken (visual observation) and hair-cracked eggs (candling) was high in the furnished cage designs (15.4 and 19.6% in F15M and F15P, respectively) compared with standard cage designs (8.1 and 12.2% in S6 and S5). This was mainly due to hair-cracked eggs, the highest percentages occurring in the nests, especially in the design with a narrow nest and no egg saver (11.1% in F15M compared to 17.6% in F15P) as a consequence of egg accumulation in the cradle and relatively low frequency of manual egg collection. 6. Eggshell quality (index and breaking strength) was only slightly influenced by cage effects so differences in egg breakage were attributable to impacts related to cage design. 7. It is concluded that beak trimming remains the most effective way to prevent cannibalism, although furnished cages with a large group of hens slightly reduced the incidence, and that further development and optimisation of furnished cages is needed to reach egg quality similar to standard cages.     

Comparison of the effects of dietary supplementation of flavonoids on laying hen performance,egg quality and egg nutrient profile

1. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of hesperidin, naringin and quercetin on laying hen performance, egg quality and egg yolk lipid and protein profiles.

2. A total of 96 Lohmann White laying hens weighing an average of 1500 g at 28 weeks of age were randomly assigned to a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented (0.5 g/kg) with either hesperidin, naringin or quercetin. Each treatment was replicated in 6 cages in an 8-week experimental period. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.

3. None of the dietary flavonoids affected laying performance and eggshell quality. Hesperidin and quercetin supplementations decreased albumen and yolk indexes.

4. As compared to the control group, egg yolk cholesterol content decreased and egg yolk protein content increased in response to dietary hesperidin and quercetin supplementation. The mean egg yolk cholesterol (mg/g) and protein (g/100 g) contents were 10.08/14.28, 16.12/14.08, 14.75/15.04 and 15.15/14.85 for the control group and groups supplemented with naringin, hesperidin and quercetin, respectively.

5. Egg yolk lipid and protein profiles were variable.

6. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of hesperidin or quercetin could be used in the diets during the early laying period to reduce egg yolk cholesterol and increase egg yolk protein, which may be attractive to consumers.     

微生态制剂和异麦芽低聚糖对产蛋鸡产蛋性能和免疫力的影响

324只36周龄蛋鸡按3×3二因子完全随机设计分成9组,每组6个重复。微生态制剂添加水平为0%、1%和2%,异麦芽低聚糖的添加水平为0%、0.1%和0.2%。结果表明,添加1%或2%微生态制剂组蛋鸡平均日产蛋量均显著高于未添加组(P<0.10)。添加0.2%异麦芽低聚糖组蛋鸡日产蛋量显著高于未添加异麦芽低聚糖组和添加0.1%异麦芽低聚糖组(P<0.10)。添加0.1%或0.2%异麦芽低聚糖组料蛋比均低于未添加异麦芽低聚糖组(P<0.10)。添加2%微生态制剂组血清总SOD显著高于未添加微生态制剂组或添加1%微生态制剂组(P<0.10)。添加0.1%或0.2%异麦芽低聚糖组血清总SOD显著高于未添加组(P<0.10)。随微生态制剂和异麦芽低聚糖添加水平的提高,血清中IgA、IgM、IgG、C_3、C_4含量均有提高的趋势。     

酵母菌培养物对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

270只19周龄的ISABrow母鸡随机分3组处理,每个处理5个重复,研究酵母培养物对产蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验为期16周。酵母培养物在试验中的添加水平分别为0%、0.1%、0.2%。试验中采用的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中粗蛋白质为16.0%,能量为2800kcal/kg。试验结果表明,饲喂添加0.1%酵母培养物组产蛋鸡的生产性能和每日产蛋量显著提高(P<0.05);各处理组之间的蛋重、饲料摄入和饲料转化率无显著差别;试验组与对照组的蛋壳质量、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄中脂肪酸含量也无显著差别。