14个水稻品种产量与农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

水稻的主要农艺性状对产量的影响客观存在。为了筛选出适合当地种植的优质、高产、多抗水稻新品种,为品种推广提供参考,于2020年进行水稻品种筛选试验。本文主要通过灰色关联度分析法,对2020年度江苏东台市场购买的14个水稻品种的12个性状数据资料进行分析,得到东台推广水稻品种的农艺性状与产量的关联度从大到小的顺序依次为千粒质量（0.758 7）、分蘖率（0.731 9）、株高（0.731 1）、高峰苗（0.723 9）、基本苗（0.722 3）、结实率（0.714 3）、有效穗数（0.703 8）、总粒数（0.697 6）、实粒数（0.692 4）、成穗率（0.631 6）。根据灰色关联度分析的原则,千粒质量是影响东台推广水稻品种产量的主要因素,成穗率对产量的影响较小。     

基于花表型性状的蝴蝶兰品种资源多样性研究

本研究对135个蝴蝶兰品种花器官的27个表型性状进行观测并分析，为蝴蝶兰花种质资源的利用及新品种的定向选育提供理论依据。以收集保存于农业农村部植物新品种测试福州分中心的135个蝴蝶兰品种为试验材料，对蝴蝶兰花器官的27个表型性状进行数据采集，分析了花表型性状的分布频率、变异系数、辛普森（Simpson）指数和香农-威纳（Shannon-Wiener）指数，并对数量性状进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明，蝴蝶兰花器官以花瓣紫罗兰色、总状花序、花瓣分开排列和无香味等类型居多，分别占相对应描述分布频率的31.85%、60.74%、79.26%和84.44%；唇瓣中裂片长的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高，分别为0.992和7.047，多样性最为丰富；数量性状变异系数变化范围为19.79%～52.72%，其中花序花数量的变异系数最大，为52.72%；主要数量性状之间大多呈极显著正相关；主成分分析提取出3个数量性状作为蝴蝶兰花表型性状评价的代表性状，计算得到综合分值，排名前3的分别为‘JB2312’、‘万花焰火’和‘东方红’；R型聚类分析显示，蝴蝶兰花的16个数量性状...     

试用灰色关联度分析评价甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种区域试验

采用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法，对1999-2001年度甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种(系)联合区域试验12个参试品种3年16点次进行多性状的综合评价。分析结果表明：综合性状甘啤4号最好(r=0．8797)、8814-20-2-1次之(r=0．8162)、8812-20-1-1(r=0．7960)、98-001(r=0．7832)垦啤2号(r=0．7685)，前述5个品种均优于法瓦维特(r=0．7393)。综合评价结果与品种(系)在区域试验和两年来生产实际中的表现基本一致。其结果为新品种的选育、审定、大面积推广提供了科学依据。     

甘薯抗病种质主要性状鉴定与综合评价

对泉薯932、泉薯914、泉薯721、红皮TN69、金山1885、徐薯377-3、American No.7和湘薯75-55（CK）等9个抗病品种（系）的鲜薯产量`薯块烘干率、薯块食叶、半株分枝、茎叶鲜产、最长蔓长、单株薯数、大中薯率和自然开花性能等9个性状进行多点鉴定；采用灰色育种理论进行综合性状的关联度分析和综合评价。结果 American No.7表现高产、较高干物率、食用味道佳等，综合性状最好，加权关联度为0.8609；泉薯932薯块干物率较高、食用品质优，综合性状表现较好，加权关联度为0.6931；两品种（系）均适宜作为优质、抗病品种（系）在生产及育种上应用。徐薯377-3、泉薯848等3个品种（系）加权关联度均较大，综合性状表现较好，适宜作为高产、抗病种植在育种上应用。其它3个品种（系）适宜作为一般抗病种质在育种上应用。     

水稻品种（组合）综合评价研究

应用灰色关联度分析法,对参加江苏省区域试验的六个品种（ 组合）的9个性状,进行了综合评价分析,评价结果与品种试验和生产实际表现一致,“9优138”关联度最大,综合性状最优,是一个高产、稳产、品质好的优良品种。     

小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量关系的初步研究

【目的】研究小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量的关系,探讨淮北地区高产小麦品种适宜的株型结构。【方法】以10个小麦品种（系）为试验材料,研究不同品种（系）的株型性状（株高、穗长、穗颈长、例二节长、倒三节长、倒四节长、基部节间长与冠层上三叶长、宽、面积、单茎上三叶面积、高效LAI）与产量相关性状（产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、经济系数）及生物学产量之间的相关性。【结果】产量与旗叶宽、旗叶面积、倒二叶宽、穗长呈显著或极显著正相关;而株型性状中仅有高效LAI与生物学产量相关达到极显著水平。【结论】安徽淮北地区高产小麦适宜的株型及群体：在较高经济系数的前提下,穗数675万/hm2以上,株高80cm左右,穗长10cm以上,穗颈长30cm左右,基部节间长不超过50cm;叶片短、宽、挺,旗叶长17～21cm,旗叶宽1．4～1．6cm;倒二叶长19～25cm,倒二叶宽1.3～1．5cm;倒三叶长19—26cm,倒三叶宽1．3～1．6cm,高效LAI4．5～5．0;“控株-增穗-增叶”可能是安徽淮北地区小麦实现超高产的有效途径。     

玉米新品种泽玉54在河南省引种试验

[目的]为河南省玉米新品种泽玉54的推广种植提供参考依据。[方法]于2009年在河南省进行玉米新品种泽玉54的引种试验,分析其农艺性状、产量表现及抗性情况。【结果】玉米新品种泽玉54农艺性状佳,穗粒表现较好;平均产量8118kg／hm2,比对照平均增产7．6％;高抗矮花叶病等,抗逆性较强;品质较好。[结论】泽玉54是一个高产、稳产、抗病、田间农艺性状表现优异的优良玉米品种,可以在河南省示范种植、     

丁酰肼对蝴蝶兰开花及植株生长的影响

[目的】研究植物生长延缓剂对蝴蝶兰开花和植株生长的影响,筛选有效的处理浓度及方法,为蝴蝶兰花期调控提供基础数据。【方法】设计4种不同浓度,采用灌根和喷施2种方法处理蝴蝶兰。[结果】13。在1000～3000133g／L的浓度范围均能不同程度地使花期延后,其中,喷施3000rag／L处理表现最为明显,花期延后6．29d。,随着药剂浓度的增大,叶尖距变小,叶片宽度变小,叶片变厚,花梗和花序变短,花梗增粗,花朵数量减少,但花径变化不明显．．[结论]B1能延长蝴蝶兰花期,提高植株质量,为蝴蝶兰花期调控提供参考。     

外殖体部位,激素浓度对卡特兰,蝴蝶兰原球茎形成和增殖的影响

卡特兰、蝴蝶兰具有艳丽的花色．大而奇特美丽的花朵形态、鹅绒般的质感和开花期很长的特点．深受各国人民的喜爱．卡特兰和蝴蝶兰在国内较少栽培，还谈不上大量供应市场．主要是自然繁殖速度慢．卡特兰一般采用分株繁殖．而蝴蝶半是单茎类型植株，顶端优势极强，必须靠摘心发出胶芽进行繁殖，这样会牺牲母林．因此，采用组培分生的繁殖方法更加受到重视．供试材料的卡特兰、蝴蝶半种源均来自台湾．所取的外殖作为茎尖组织（l－Zcm）、茎段（0．scm）、叶片（0．scm）、根段（Zmm）、花梗液芽（不带花梗组织，仅取液芽）．材料经75％酒精和…     

黄淮海南部主栽大豆品种及栽培技术概述

【目的】推广黄淮海南部适宜栽培的大豆品种。[方法】对主栽品种的特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点进行阐述。【结果】概述了适宜这一地区的大豆田间栽培技术措施。【结论】为优质高产大豆的推广和栽培提供帮助。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).