都市园艺应用型人才实践教学体系的构建

以金陵科技学院园艺学院为例,从构建序列化技能训练的实践教学体系、提高都市园艺人才的职业素能及提升学生创新、创业实践能力几个方面对都市园艺应用型人才实践教学体系进行了构建。     

校企合作模式下高职园艺专业学生就业创业能力培养研究——以安徽林业职业技术学院为例

以安徽林业职业技术学院2015—2019年园艺专业学生就业数据为基础,对毕业生基本情况、毕业生去向及就业地区等情况进行分析,了解园艺专业毕业生就业的现状,分析存在的原因。提出在校企合作模式下通过加强创新创业教育,营造创新创业氛围,提高创新创业意识,打造创新创业师资队伍等措施,进一步培养高职园艺专业学生就业创业能力。     

农林类高校学生创新创业能力培养研究——以农林大学茶专业学生为例

开展大学生创新创业教育是一个相对复杂的系统性工程,我国自大力提倡"大众创业、万众创新"以来,对农林类高校学生创新创业教育也越来越重视,最终目标在于为社会培养既具备创新能力又具有创业精神、综合素质高的复合型人才。本文以农林大学茶专业学生为例,分析了农林类大学生创新创业教育开展中存在的问题,提出构建创新创业人才能力培养体系,结合茶文化的传承与发展探究创新创业高校教育实施路径,为教育研究者提供参考。     

基于现代阳台园艺现状的“网红阳台”设计构思

现代阳台园艺是都市型现代农业的一种形态,是农业文化创意产业的一个重要组成部分。该文在查阅国内外相关文献和对现代阳台园艺产品研究的基础上,归纳了我国现代阳台园艺目前存在的问题,并给出对应建议;同时结合当下流量时代背景提出“网红阳台”的设计构思,从空间利用、设备优化、工艺技术、创意设计等角度为现代阳台园艺产业市场开拓提供新的思路。     

项目驱动下中药学专业大学生创新创业教育的实践与思考——以吉林农业大学中药材学院为例

大学生创新创业训练计划项目面向本科生申报,目的是通过开展创新创业教育改革,转变人才培养观念,强化创新创业能力训练,增强高校学生的创新和创业能力,培养适应创新型国家建设需要的高水平创新人才。本文结合吉林农业大学中药材学院中药学专业大学生创新创业教育的实施情况,阐述中药学专业大学生创新创业实施的现状,创新创业实践取得的成果,现阶段存在的问题,以及对中药学专业大学生创新创业项目的思考与建议。     

以校企合作为载体构建农科类大学生创新创业教育体系的路径

解决好"三农"问题是当下社会的重要课题,但目前很多地区由于缺乏专业人才或者农业从业者专业素养低,导致农业高新技术成果难以转化为生产力,严重影响农业综合生产能力的提高,阻碍农业现代化的推进。因此,现阶段我国现代农业发展急需大批有创新意识、创新精神和创业能力的高素质人才深入到农业生产第一线,发展现代农业,最终实现农业现代化。而农科高校当以强农兴农为己任,肩负培养更多知农爱农新型人才的重要责任。     

我国高校创新创业师资队伍建设路径探析

创业创新是高校教学的重要内容,通过优化双创教学指导形式,丰富双创师资队伍,除了培养学生掌握必要的创新创业技能,也要注重构建完善的实践体系,引导学生积极参与双创活动之中,通过积极参与,引导学生真正品读双创活动的趣味性与时代价值,实现真正创新与综合创业。结合高校双创教育及学生培养要求看,除了要做好学生的创业技能和创新思维培养,也需要注重做好学生创业习惯和创新思维的有效培养,确保高校双创教学实现最佳效果。     

北京籽种产业科技创新现状调研与发展建议

籽种产业是现代农业的核心,是北京都市型现代农业发展的首要任务。通过对北京籽种产业科技创新的基础与现状进行调研,从人才、技术、信息、资源等方面阐明北京所具备的种业科技创新的实力和地位,分析在全球经济一体化的大形势下北京种业科技创新面临的问题与挑战,探讨北京籽种产业科技创新的途径与思路,提出促进籽种农业发展之建议。     

基于协同育人及OBE理念的制糖工程专业实践教学改革初探

文章探讨了广西科技师范学院制糖工程专业实践教学体系存在的不足,并基于协同育人机制,结合OBE教学理念构建“协同育人平台—实践教学模块—实践教学目标—实践成果考核评价”多位一体的实践教学体系,以成果产出为导向培养创新型工程技术人才。以培养学生基础实践技能、专业实践技能、工程实践能力和工程创新素养为目的,紧跟专业发展脚步,从多视角、多维度、多渠道开展实践教学活动,为制糖工程培育创新工程技术人才提供新的理念和方法。     

乡村振兴战略中高职院校创新创业教育研究

在乡村振兴战略的大背景下,高职教育显得尤为重要。学校肩负着为乡村发展培养和输送人才的重任,因此,相关部门应该不断完善高职教育项目,鼓励学生投入创新创业训练。同时,还应该有效提高学生的创新与创业能力。高职教育的教学计划是值得教师深思的,教师应该对教学的针对性与丰富性进行充分考虑,鼓励学生投入创新创业活动。本文在重视高职教育发展的基础上,分析了当前高职院校在培养与推动学生创新与创业能力的过程中出现的问题,并提出一些建议,期望能够为高职院校开展创新创业教育供应理论参考。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).