福建农林大学园艺学院、茶学学科简介

<正>福建农林大学园艺学院创建于1940年,现有园艺、茶学、设施农业科学与工程3个本科专业。拥有园艺学博士后科研流动站、园艺学一级学科博士学位授权点和园艺一级学科硕士学位授权点,涵盖果树学、茶学、蔬菜学、花卉与景观园艺、设施农业科学与工程等5个二级学科;2个专业硕士领域(农业硕士园艺领域和设施农业领域),形成     

设施园艺学课程教学改革探析

设施园艺学是园艺本科专业的一门专业主干课程。结合教学实际和他人的教学经验,针对设施园艺学特点,对该课程的教学内容、教学方法、教学手段及实验实践课与激发学生学习热情等方面进行了探讨,分析在目前国内外新形势、新背景下这门课程教学改革的措施,旨在提高教学质量,更好地为设施园艺产业培养优秀的技术人才和经营管理人才。     

欢迎订阅2016年《北方园艺》

<正>《北方园艺》是由黑龙江省农业科学院主管、黑龙江省园艺学会和黑龙江省农业科学院联合主办的面向国内外公开发行、以科学研究和技术普及相结合的园艺类综合性科技期刊。创刊40年来始终秉承"前沿、创新、实用"的办刊理念,为促进园艺科学领域学术交流,普及推广园艺科普知识做出了重要贡献。现辟有试验研究、研究简报、设施园艺、栽培技术、园林花卉、生物技术、植物保护、贮藏保鲜加工、食用菌、中草药、土壤与     

欢迎订阅2010年《北方园艺》

《北方园艺》是全国自然科学(中文)核心期刊、中国农业核心期刊、全国优秀农业期刊、黑龙江省优秀科技期刊。本刊内容丰富、栏目新颖、技术实用、信息全面。设有试验研究、研究简报、专题综述、设施园艺、实     

海南省设施园艺发展现状及可持续发展的策略

海南省设施园艺发展较晚，但发展势头迅猛，在叶菜类蔬菜越夏栽培和瓜菜冬春反季节栽培及花卉生产中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了海南省设施园艺的地位及发展的现状，指出目前还存在缺乏设施专用品种、引进的设施结构类型水土不服、无公害生产体系欠缺和设施抗灾减损能力不足，环控能力差等主要问题。文章认为，为实现海南设施园艺业可持续稳定的发展，政府应加大资金和政策扶持的力度，加强农民无公害生产意识，提高管理技术水平，重视设施专用品种选育工作，发展冬夏兼用型大棚，在建设国际旅游岛的大背景下发展都市农业，利用海南省优越的气候条件使设施园艺业发展为低能耗生态产业，成立行业协会，同时提高采后处理技术水平。     

欢迎订阅2018年《北方园艺》

<正>《北方园艺》是园艺类综合性学术期刊。自2017年13期起,栏目部分改版,设有研究论文、研究简报、设施园艺、园林花卉、资源环境生态、贮藏加工检测、中草药、食用菌、专题综述、产业论坛、不定期刊登栏目(农业经纬、农业经济、农业信息技术)、实用技术、新品种(彩版);力求体现科研-生产-技术服务的全产业链,汇聚园艺行业最新科研成果,跟踪园艺学科最新研究热点,期待广大作者、读者、编委一如既往的支持我们。     

麻地膜、无纺布在设施园艺生产上的应用效果初步研究

通过对麻地膜、无纺布在大棚反季节番茄覆盖栽培的增温除湿效果观察,番茄上市期、产量、产值、生产成本及效益的记载核算,麻地膜、无纺布生产有机无土草坪的成坪效果及应用前景考查和分析,认为麻地膜、无纺布可作为农用塑料薄膜和化纤园艺基布的替代材料,用于设施园艺生产。可减轻“白色污染”对农业生产环境的危害,促进园艺产业的健康、可持续发展。同时对麻地膜、无纺布市场认可、适销对路的产品研发和推广应用提出了建议。     

麻地膜、无纺布在设施园艺生产上的应用效果初步研究

通过对麻地膜、无纺布在大棚反季节番茄覆盖栽培的增温除湿效果观察，番茄上市期、产量、产值、生产成本及效益的记载核算，麻地膜、无纺布生产有机无土草坪的成坪效果及应用前景考查和分析，认为麻地膜、无纺布可作为农用塑料薄膜和化纤园艺基布的替代材料，用于设施园艺生产。可减轻“白色污染”对农业生产环境的危害，促进园艺产业的健康、可持续发展。同时对麻地膜、无纺布市场认可、适销对路的产品研发和推广应用提出了建议。     

厦门地区秋冬季亚洲型百合引种栽培初探

本文报道了亚洲型百合品种在厦门地区秋冬季引种的适应性情况，结果表明，所引种的亚洲型丰合生长发育及表现的园艺性状正常，黄花品种花茎高度明显低于其它品种；气温及薄膜抵棚设施对百合花期均有影响；播种期迟早对切花的园艺性状影响不明显。     

不同因素对凤凰单枞茶品质的影响

本文综述了近年来有关因素对凤凰单枞茶品质影响的研究,从环境、采摘季节、加工工艺三个方面对凤凰单枞的品质影响作了梳理,最后就如何提高凤凰单枞的品质进行了展望。期待有更多的设施园艺技术以及精准化加工技术能结合到凤凰单枞茶的生产和加工环节,在更大程度上发挥其特有的品质风格。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.