~(137)Cs叶面污染在水稻中的转移、积累与分布

６０ＣｏΥ射线辐照可显降低药用淀粉中的微生物数量。研究结果表明：杂菌的Ｄ１０值为０．７ｋＧｙ,适宜辐照剂量为３．０￣５．０ｋＧｙ,辐照剂量与杂菌存活数之间呈显的负相关（ｒ＝－０．９０５３）,辐照工艺的改变对灭菌效果有较大的影响。对５．０ｋＧｙ辐照的药用演粉进行毒性试验表明,用较低剂量辐照的药用淀粉无毒性反应、无致畸致突变等遗传性病变,因此是安全、无害的。采用以上剂量灭菌的同时,不会导致淀粉自身     

山羊板皮炭疽杆菌的辐射灭菌研究

研究了＾６Ｃｏγ射线对不同含菌量山羊板皮中炭疽杆菌的杀灭作用。结果表明：剂量大于２０ｋＧｙ的辐照处理，完全能够将疫皮中的炭疽杆菌彻底杀灭。在１４．６－２７．４ｋＧｙ剂量范围内，辐照处理对经不同时间贮藏的山羊板皮成革的抗张强度、伸长率、含水量等各项理化指标未产生明显影响。     

辐照荔枝贮藏生理研究

采用￣（６０）Ｃｏγ射线０．２、０．３ｋＧｙ辐照荔枝，然后分别置于室温（平均３２℃）和低温（５℃）下贮藏。在贮藏的不同时期分别对荔枝的烂果率、褐变率，呼吸强度，果皮多酚氧化酶活性及主要营养成分进行分析。结果表明，用０．２、０．３ｋＧｙγ射线辐照荔枝，既可减少果实的烂果率和褐变率，又不影响果实的品质。低剂量辐照结合低温冷藏可延长荔枝货架寿命。     

山东白皮大蒜的辐射保鲜技术及应用研究

经＾６０Ｃｏγ射线处理的山东白皮大蒜，能彻底抑制贮存过程中鳞茎的发芽，提高保鲜效果，适宜的吸收剂量不低于０．０５ｋＧｙ，最佳辐照期限为采收后上市到８月２０日，如果辐照剂量与辐照时间适宜，贮存６个月后抑芽率可达１００％，商品率明显提高，本项技术经济实用，可靠性强，适宜于商业化生产。     

枸杞干商业化辐照杀虫研究

本文介绍了枸杞干商业化中进行γ辐照杀虫保果的研究，杀死果品表面自然污染虫卵的适宜辐照剂量为３．５ｋＧｙ左右，常温下可保藏７个月，可安全越夏，杀死小包装枸杞干虫幼虫的适宜剂量为２．０￣３．０ｋＧｙ。辐照枸杞干微生物含量可减少７４．４７％，其主要营养成分无明显变化。     

银杏种子辐照效应及其保鲜的初步研究

不同剂量^60Coγ射线处理去外种皮的银杏种子,50Gy以上剂量处理的种子不能发芽,种胚活力迅速下降而趋于死亡,800Gy以下剂量处理后,胚乳仍保持较长时期的活力。2000Gy以上剂量使种子失水加快,胚乳失活且变软腐烂,共电导率迅速上升,辐照处理使银杏降种子的呼吸受到较大抑制,有利于贮藏保鲜,银杏种子密封包装后,经50－200Gy辐照工在室内常温存放,含水量40．25％的银杏种子的保质期为2－3个月,当种子含水量降至35．96％时,保持期可达4－6个月。     

烟叶和卷烟辐照醇化效果的研究

实验结果表明９ｋＧｙ辐照初烤原烟和机烤烟叶醇化效果较明显，可以缩短烟叶自然醇化期１～１．５ａ，７～９ｋＧｙ辐照杀菌效果明显，对未加香烟丝和成品卷烟的醇化效果也较明显，５～９ｋＧｙ辐照，既不能降低焦油含量，也不能产生诱发放射性，在５～１００ｋＧｙ范围内，烟叶和卷烟的化学成分变化不明显。     

中成药六味地黄丸粉辐照杀菌工艺研究

采用静态堆码方式对中药六味地黄丸粉进行辐照杀菌研究。结果表明,在垂直于辐照源轴线方向不同距离处的药品堆积厚度与辐照剂量率之间呈显著负相关（ ｐ＜ ００１） ,相关系数 ｒ ＝ － ０９９４７ 。辐照工艺技术的改变会不同程度地影响杀菌效果,提高产品总体吸收剂量均匀度,是保证杀菌效果的主要因素。六味地黄丸粉中杂菌的 Ｄ１０ 值为２１７ｋ Ｇｙ 。经１００ ｋ Ｇｙ 剂量辐照后的六味地黄丸粉,没有发生质量改变,其主要药效成分含量没有变化。     

^60Co γ射线辐照小麦干种子对M1和M2代花药离体培养的影响

对小麦干种子进行辐照处理，其Ｍ１代、Ｍ２代花药离体培养的出愈率和绿苗分化率都有明显提高。各供试品种的出愈和分化高峰值均集中于０．２５￣０．３ｋＧｙ处理之间，与小麦干种子辐射诱变处理的常用辐照剂量相同。     

干香菇辐照杀虫效应的研究

对干香菇贮藏期间的主要虫害进行了调查，并开展辐照杀虫研究。结果表明：香菇的仓贮害虫主要为长角扁谷盗、椭圆板白螨和凹黄蕈甲等３种。不同害虫对＾６０Ｃｏγ射线的反应各异，椭圆板白螨表现较强的抗性，经０．６ｋＧｙ辐方能致死，而长角扁谷盗成虫经０．２ｋＧｙ辐照即可被杀。     

60Co辐照对白灵菇采后低温贮藏的影响

以0.8、1.2、1.6和2.0kGy60Coγ射线辐照白灵菇,在4℃下贮藏保鲜。结果表明,经过1.2kGy辐照处理的白灵菇维持了最高的可溶性蛋白质含量和最大的硬度,贮藏保鲜时间最长。白灵菇在贮藏期间的硬度越大,其可溶性蛋白的含量也越高,且二者之间存在显著的相关性。辐照会加大白灵菇的细胞膜透性,破坏细胞膜结构,剂量过大反而会加速营养成分降解和腐烂。     

红曲的γ射线辐照灭菌研究

研究了γ射线辐照红曲的灭菌效果以及对主要成分的影响。结果表明：辐照可有效杀灭红曲中的杂菌和霉菌,随着辐照剂量的增加,红曲中的含菌量呈同步下降。杂菌和霉菌的D₁₀值分别为2.34和5.89 kGy,霉菌对γ射线的耐受力高于杂菌,适宜的辐照工艺剂量为7~8 kGy。经7~8 kGy辐照处理的红曲,其主要成分无明显变化,但色价略有下降,下降率为2.3%~2.6%。经辐照灭菌后的红曲具有较好的耐贮藏性,可有效地提高保质期。     

银杏脱壳的有限元受力分析

该文提出了银杏的几何模型和破壳受力模型，通过有限元分析方法对银杏在各种施力状态下的应力分布进行分析，找出了最佳的施力方向与施力方式，从而对脱壳设备的研制提供了理论依据。     

Impacts of ionizing radiation on volatile production by ripening gala apple fruit

Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Gala) fruit treated with 0.5 microL x L(-1) 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP) or air (non-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C were exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 0, 0.44, 0.88, or 1.32 kGy at 23 degrees C and then stored at 20 degrees C. Production of volatile compounds was measured on the day of irradiation and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after irradiation. Both MCP treatment and irradiation inhibited ethylene production. MCP treatment reduced production of all volatile esters and alcohols detected, whereas irradiation inhibited production of most, but not all, esters and some alcohols by non-MCP-treated fruit. The inhibition of volatile production following irradiation increased with dose. Production of methyl and propyl esters was inhibited more than that of other esters following irradiation or MCP treatment. The impact of irradiation on production of esters and alcohols by MCP-treated fruit was minimal. Non-MCP-treated fruit irradiated at 0.44 kGy produced the most esters during the 21-day period at 20 degrees C following irradiation, and the ester production rate in these fruit was comparable to that of the nonirradiated fruit 21 days after irradiation. Fruit treated with doses higher than 0.44 kGy did not recover their ability to produce volatile compounds. These results indicate both MCP and ionizing radiation inhibit production of many aroma compounds produced by ripening apple fruit.     

Electron-beam ionizing radiation stress effects on mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) antioxidant constituents before and during postharvest storage

The effect of electron-beam ionizing radiation stress and storage on mango fruit antioxidant compounds was evaluated in a dose range of 1-3.1 kGy. Phenolic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles were not affected right after the irradiation process; however, an increase in flavonol constituents was observed after 18 days in storage (3.1 kGy). Total phenolics by the Folin Ciocalteu method and antioxidant capacity (ORAC) were not affected, while reduced ascorbic acid decreased approximately 50-54% during storage (>/=1.5 kGy). No major changes in carotenoid HPLC profiles indicated a delay in ripening of irradiated mangoes (1-3.1 kGy) compared to nonirradiated fruits. However, irradiation dose >/=1.5 kGy induced flesh pitting due to localized tissue death. A summary of the potential roles of reactive oxygen species generated by the irradiation stress on different antioxidant constituents of mango fruits is presented.     

Effect of gamma-irradiation on degradation of alginate

The aqueous solution of alginate was irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays in the dose range of 10-500 kGy. To assess the effect of irradiation on the degradation of alginate, the irradiation-induced changes in the viscosity, molecular weight, color, monomer composition, and sequence were measured. The molecular weight of raw alginate was reduced from 300000 to 25000 when irradiated at 100 kGy. The degradation rate decreased and the chain breaks per molecule increased with increasing irradiation dose. The viscosity of irradiated alginate solution reached a near minimum as low as at 10 kGy. No appreciable color changes were observed in the samples irradiated at up to 100 kGy, but intense browning occurred beyond 200 kGy. The 13C NMR spectra showed that homopolymeric blocks, MM and GG, increased and the M/G ratio decreased with irradiation. Considering both the level of degradation and the color change of alginate, the optimum irradiation dose was found to be 100 kGy.     

贮粮害虫玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)致死剂量的研究

本试验对粮食仓贮害虫玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)和豌豆象(Bruchuspisorum)的辐照致死剂量进行了研究,试验所用材料皆为成虫,辐照剂量为0.1—3.0kGy。结果表明:0.6—0.8kGy辐照玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)成虫,照后20天左右就能完全将其杀死:0.8—1.0kGy辐照豌豆象成虫.照后15—30天亦能完全将其杀死。经0.2—2.0kGy辐照的玉米、小麦和大米,其营养成份没有发生明显的变化。     

~(60)Coγ射线辐照对苹果保鲜作用的研究

用~(60)Coγ射线辐照黄香蕉苹果,研究结果表明,0.3—0.5kGy的辐照剂量有利于苹果的贮藏,该剂量范围对苹果的主要营养成分糖、Vc和苹果酸的含量损失不大,但对贮藏期间苹果的吸呼强度和乙烯的产生有一定的抑制作用,0.5kGy的辐照剂量可以杀死97％以上的轮纹病原菌。     

宠物食品辐照灭菌及工艺剂量研究

本文以皮卷、绿爽洁牙骨、鸡肉排骨、鸡胸肉为试验材料,开展了宠物食品辐照灭菌工艺剂量的研究。结果表明：辐照剂量为4kGy时杀菌率达到了92%以上,辐照剂量为6 kGy时杀菌率已达99%以上,检测的各项微生物指标均符合国家食品卫生标准要求,10 kGy即可达到完全灭菌的效果。辐照前后4种样品中均未检出沙门氏菌。4～10 kGy辐照后,宠物食品中水分、脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维、碳水化合物、矿质元素（除钙）及17种氨基酸的含量与对照相比差异均不显著,说明辐照对宠物食品的营养品质影响很小;在此剂量范围内,样品辐照前后的色泽、风味与滋味也没有明显变化。由此,确定宠物食品适宜的辐照工艺剂量范围为4～10 kGy。     

60Co-γ辐照处理对蓝莓保鲜效果的影响

为延长蓝莓果实的货架期,本试验利用市售保鲜盒和专利保鲜盒包装蓝莓,并结合⁶⁰Co-γ辐照处理,分析贮藏期间蓝莓果实微观结构、生理生化指标、主要营养成分的变化。结果表明,专利保鲜盒+1.0 kGy剂量辐照处理可显著降低果实表面的菌落总数,较好地保持果实原有结构、色泽、硬度及抗氧化性,有效减缓了蓝莓花青素、总酚、Vc等营养成分的消耗,延长了蓝莓保鲜时间;而专利保鲜盒 +2.0 kGy剂量辐照处理加速了果实衰老和品质劣变;专利保鲜盒因具有微气调作用而使其保鲜效果明显优于普通市售保鲜盒。因此,低剂量的辐照处理与微气调保鲜盒结合使用可有效延长蓝莓的货架期。