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不同抗性基因型玉米对烟嘧磺隆除草剂的反应差异 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
以不同浓度的烟嘧磺隆对纯合抗性基因型(CYPCYP)、纯合敏感性基因型(cypcyp)和杂合抗性基因型(CYPcyp)3种抗性基因型的8个玉米自交系和杂交组合进行抗性试验。结果表明,不同抗性基因型的抗性表现存在明显差异,其抗性强弱表现为CYPCYP>CYPcyp>cypcyp;0.1倍浓度可准确地鉴定出纯合敏感性基因型(cypcyp),≥0.5倍浓度可有效地区分纯合敏感性基因型(cypcyp)自交系和杂交种,2倍浓度可区分纯合抗性基因型(CYPCYP)和杂合抗性基因型(CYPcyp)杂交种,3倍浓度可区分出纯合抗性基因型(CYPCYP)的自交系和杂交种。在大田生产中,无论是CYPCYP还是CYPcyp基因型品种,在常规用量的1.5倍浓度范围内都是安全的。在玉米抗除草剂育种中,除了选育纯合的"抗×抗"强抗型品种以外,而且可通过"抗×不抗"的组配方式选育出抗除草剂玉米杂交种。 相似文献
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在温室盆栽条件下,以马唐、反枝苋为试材,采用Gowing法测定了烟嘧磺隆与氰草津复配的联合作用,并对实验室制得的20%烟嘧磺隆.氰草津油悬浮剂进行了大田生物活性评价试验。结果表明,烟嘧磺隆与氰草津复配后对马唐有增效作用,对反枝苋属于相加作用,两者适宜复配,配比为1~4:12.5。于玉米3~5叶期、杂草2~5叶期喷施20%烟嘧磺隆.氰草津油悬浮剂180~300g/hm^2,药后30d的杂草总株防效及鲜重防效分别为83.6%~94.3%、92.7%~99.2%,对玉米安全性较好,玉米株高、产量均大于人工除草处理;在玉米7叶期及杂草5叶期以后施用该药剂,玉米的安全性及杂草株防效均出现下降。 相似文献
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20%烟嘧磺隆·氰草津油悬浮剂的生物活性评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在温室盆栽条件下,以马唐、反枝苋为试材,采用Gowing法测定了烟嘧磺隆与氰草津复配的联合作用,并对实验室制得的20%烟嘧磺隆·氰草津油悬浮剂进行了大田生物活性评价试验。结果表明,烟嘧磺隆与氰草津复配后对马唐有增效作用,对反枝苋属于相加作用,两者适宜复配,配比为1~4∶12.5。于玉米3~5叶期、杂草2~5叶期喷施20%烟嘧磺隆·氰草津油悬浮剂180~300 g/hm2,药后30 d的杂草总株防效及鲜重防效分别为83.6%~94.3%、92.7%~99.2%,对玉米安全性较好,玉米株高、产量均大于人工除草处理;在玉米7叶期及杂草5叶期以后施用该药剂,玉米的安全性及杂草株防效均出现下降。 相似文献
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玉米锌素营养基因型差异及遗传特性初探 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文以19个单交种和15个自交系为材料,对玉米不同基因型品种的抗缺锌性能及其分级指标、与其亲本自交系的遗传关系等进行了研究。在供试的单交种之间锌素营养特性存在明显的基因型差异。同时发现:玉米单交种对缺锌的敏感性与其亲本自交系有密切的遗传关系,可以通过选用不同敏感性的自交系有目的地选育对某些营养具有一定敏感性的品种,为通过育种手段解决营养问题提供了可遵循的规律。 相似文献
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以表面张力、扩展直径、干燥时间和最大持液量为评价指标,测定植株油类喷雾助剂GY-Tmax、矿物油类助剂GY-T12及有机硅类助剂GY-S903喷雾助剂不同添加量对40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂药液物理性状的影响。结果表明,3种助剂均能显著降低其药液的表面张力,增加其扩展直径,GY-S903对其影响最大。3种助剂对药液的干燥时间和最大持液量的影响存在显著差异。添加0.25%~0.75%的GY-Tmax,在保证对玉米田杂草防治效果相当的情况下,烟嘧磺隆用量可减少50%;添加0.03%~0.07%的GY-S903及0.3%~0.6%的GY-T12可使烟嘧磺隆用量减少40%。在整个生育期内,未发现40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂30 g ai/hm~2添加喷雾助剂各处理对玉米的明显受害症状,烟嘧磺隆添加GY-Tmax较30 g ai/hm~2烟嘧磺隆增产6.6%~7.6%,增产作用最强。GY-S903对烟嘧磺隆的增产作用与GY-T12相当,较30 g ai/hm~2烟嘧磺隆处理分别增产4.3%~7.0%及3.9%~7.4%。 相似文献
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Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 in a typical location of North China Plain to evaluate weed control efficacy of four post-emergence herbicides nicosulfuron, mesotrione, topramezone and the combination of mesotrione/nicosulfuron when they were applied at reduced doses at different weed growth stages. Experimental results showed that nicosulfuron, topramezone and the combination of mesotrione/nicosulfuron provided better weed control efficacy than mesotrione when they were applied at their label recommended doses at the 2- to 3-leaf and 4- to 5-leaf stages of weeds; nicosulfuron and mesotrione/nicosulfuron could at least be reduced by 33% and topramezone reduced by 67% without sacrificing total weed control efficacy and maize grain yield. Nicosulfuron and its combination with mesotrione could effectively control broadleaved and grass weeds when their doses were reduced by 67% and by 33%, respectively. Topramezone could effectively control broadleaved and grass weeds when its dose was reduced by 67%. The efficacy of mesotrione in controlling grass weeds was bad even at the label recommended dose. All four herbicides tested did not affect the maize grain yield. 相似文献
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Greg C. Wilson Nader SoltaniFrancois J. Tardif Clarence J. SwantonPeter H. Sikkema 《Crop Protection》2010
Volunteer winter cereals are found sporadically in maize (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Seven field trials were conducted over a two-year period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the efficacy of five acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides for the control of volunteer cereals applied at two post-emergence application timings (2–4 and 4–7 maize leaf tips). The volunteer cereals were a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (‘Hyland AC Morley’), soft red winter wheat (‘Pioneer 25R47’), soft white winter wheat (‘Pioneer 25W41’), and a autumn rye (Secale cereale L.) (‘FR’) cultivar. Volunteer cereal competition in maize resulted in a yield reduction of up to 44%. Foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron provided greater than 70% control of the volunteer cereals at 56 days after treatment (DAT), while primisulfuron and rimsulfuron provided greater than 60% control. Volunteer cereal control with early and late application was greater than 82 and 61%, respectively. Hard red winter wheat was the most sensitive to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides with control of 84–93%. Soft red and soft white winter wheat cultivars were intermediate in sensitivity with control of 76–87%, while autumn rye was the least sensitive with control of at 56–71% control at 56 DAT. Maize yields were improved when volunteer cereals were controlled with the use of herbicides compared to the weedy control, but were lower than the weed-free control. Early herbicide application resulted in improved control of volunteer cereals and higher maize yield. 相似文献
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玉米矮花叶病预防性育种和抗病遗传研究标准化问题的商榷 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在简要分析造成当前我国玉米抗病育种被动局面与短期行为的思想及问题的基础上,从理论和实践两方面的可行性出发,提出下一步玉米抗病遗传育种,应树立以防为主,防治结合的思想,开展与当前进行的生产上发生的主要病害抗病育种相结合的预防性育种工作及抗病遗传研究,并建立玉米对矮花叶病抗病遗传研究方法的标准化体系,该体系包括采用株系的依据、调查的性状和标准、亲本的要求及遗传模型和分析方法等。 相似文献
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玉米种质资源的交流和保护 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了玉米种质资源对育种的重要意义。种质资源和植物新品种间具有一定的内在关系,但是又互相区别。公共研究机构是玉米种质资源的主要提供者,企业间的玉米种质资源合理有序交流是发展的趋势。指出资源价值评价和评估体系的规范建设是平等分享种质资源的核心环节,种质资源的合理分享将有助于育种产业的健康和长远发展。 相似文献