贵州龙宫石灾岩和砂页岩苔藓植物的比较研究

本文采用样方法比较研究了贵州龙宫苔藓植物，在４个石灰岩样地中，记载了苔藓植物１４科２２属３０种；在４个砂页岩样地中，记载了苔藓植物１２科１４属２０种，石灰岩和砂页岩苔藓植物种类相似性指数仅为１９．０５％，表明两种基质生境中苔藓植物组成种类差异极大。     

贵州龙宫石灰岩和砂页岩苔藓植物的比较研究

本文采用样方法比较研究了贵州龙宫苔藓植物．在４个石灰岩样地中，记载了苔藓植物１４科２２属３０种；在４个砂页岩样地中，记载了苔藓植物１２科１４属２０种．石灰岩和砂页岩苔藓植物种类相似性指数仅为１９．０５％，表明两种基质生境中苔藓植物组成种类差异极大．     

高寒山区山楂引种试验研究

所有引进山楂品种，在我州均能生长、开花结果。综合生长、结果初期产量、抗寒性因素及果实经济性状，从１４个品种中选出经济价值相对较高的适合我州主栽的４个优良品种。并把黑红等几个试验初期生长良好的品种，分不同海拔地段嫁接甘肃山楂和子，获得了较好的结果     

高寒山区山楂引种试验研究

所有引进山楂品种，在我均能生长，开花结果。综合生长，结果初期产量，抗寒性及果实经济性状，从１４个品种中选出经济价值相对较高的适合我州主栽的４个优良品种。并把黑红等几个试验初期生长良好的品种，分不同海地段嫁接甘肃山楂和枸子，获得了较好的结果。     

吉林省的叶甲科昆虫(Ⅰ)

本文系统地记录了吉林省叶甲总科昆虫６科１４亚科６２属１２８种。除记载了种类的寄主植物及在省内分布外，还记载了在某些杂草生物防治方面有开发利用价值的种类。     

吉林省的叶甲科昆虫（I）

本文系统地记录了吉林省叶甲总科昆虫６科１４亚科６２属１２８种，除记载了种类的寄生植物及在省内分布外，还记载了某些杂草生物防治方面有开发利用价值的种类。     

咸宁市桂花品种调查

通过对湖北省咸宁市桂花品种资源的调查,共记载37个品种,分属4个品种群,其中四季桂品种群4个品种、金桂品种群14个品种、银桂品种群15个品种、丹桂品种群4个品种。编制了各品种群品种分类检索表,并对各品种特征进行了描述。     

昆明市桂花品种资源调查

昆明气候特殊,近几年城市扩展迅猛,新增绿地较多,因此,重新调查昆明市区的桂花品种,发掘具有本土特色品种工作尤为重要。依据向其柏、臧德奎的桂花品种分类检索表,对昆明市五城区的桂花品种资源进行调查,共鉴定出59个桂花品种,其中四季桂品种群7个,银桂品种群29个,金桂品种群16个,丹桂品种群7个,包括疑似新品种10个(新记载8个,翟丽丽记载2个,均为银桂品种)。编制了各品种群的分类检索表,描述了8个疑似新品种形态特征,并总结了昆明市区桂花品种资源特点。     

牡丹不同品种开花时间的差异性研究

以洛阳市王城公园栽培牡丹为研究对象,观察记载了40个代表性牡丹品种的开花特性,重点记载了4个不同年份的初花时间,根据记载数据分析研究了洛阳地区不同品种的牡丹花期的差异性,总结出了按照开花时间将牡丹分类的参考标准,列举了常见早、中、晚、特晚牡丹品种名称。为花期的人工调控品种选择提供依据,为牡丹栽培配置规划提供参考。     

引种刺槐扦插成活率比较试验

引种刺槐扦插成活率比较试验冯其亚（淮阴县林业站，２２３３００）刺槐是重要速生用材树种。但本地刺槐品种老化，生长较慢，干型不良。因此，从山东兖州引进了１４个刺槐品种进行扦插试验。试验地前茬为侧柏，土壤深厚、湿润肥沃，含盐量＜０．２％，地下水位＞１ｍ。整...     

Tree gardening and taungya on Java: examples of agroforestry techniques in the humid tropics

Agroforestry is a general concept for a land management system combining trees and agricultural crops. For application, various specific techniques can be chosen. Each of these techniques is adjusted to a specific set of environmental as well as socio-economic factors. Agroforestry cultivators or managers belonging to varying social strata and institutional groupings may practice different forms of agroforestry, even within the same general region. This is demonstrated on the basis of two contrasting types of agroforestry which are found on the Indonesian island of Java. Tree gardening or the cultivation of a wide variety of crops in a multiple-storeyed agroforestry system is an indegenous practice on private lands, while taungya or the intercropping of young tree plantations with staple crops is practiced on state forest lands. Both systems are described as to their management characteristics, past development as well as possibilities and constraints for further development. These two practices are then compared as to various attributes, like producer group, production purpose, area of cultivation, land ownership situation, structural organization of crop combinations, possibilities for improved cultivation techniques, and suitability for application in rural development for specific target groups.This paper is a slightly revised version of a contribution to a lecture series on agro-forestry organized by the Departments of Forestry, Wageningen University.     

广州市垂直绿化新形式的应用调查

垂直绿化新形式以其安装更换便利、植物选择多样及观赏效果佳等优点,日益成为城市垂直绿化建设的重要手段。本文通过对广州市14个场所的垂直绿化新形式的调查、分析,从植物选择、主要形式等角度阐述了垂直绿化新形式的应用现状。结果显示,广州市垂直绿化新形式应用植物共41种,隶属22科33属,其中以天南星科(Araceae)、百合科(Liliaceae)、鸭跖草科(Commelinaceae)植物种类为主。广州市应用的垂直绿化新形式可以分为箱盒式、布毡袋式、节水盆器式、分格板块式、无容器捆绑式、货架式等6种类型。同时提出垂直绿化新形式的推广应用可以提升景观品质和降低营建成本两方面考虑。     

北京园林绿地竹类植物配置调查

竹子是北京常见的园林植物。竹子与其他植物相配置、共同构成一组植物景观,是其在北京园林绿地中最主要的园林应用形式。工作实践中,北京的竹子植物景观形成了一系列独有的特点。文章通过实地调查,总结了竹子在植物景观中的配置手法和景观作用;分析了与竹子配置的植物种类、类型、观赏特点等;探讨了北京竹子植物景观的特点与不足。经过对北京竹子植物景观的全面梳理,有助于了解竹子的园林应用现状,为进一步提高相关工作水平提供了基础资料。     

Lipidated steroid saponins from Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)

Two groups of lipidated steroid saponins including seven new compounds (2, 3, 5, and 7–10) were isolated from the widely used botanical, wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), employing a fractionation protocol of metabolomic mining. This methodology recently led to the isolation of 14 diarylheptanoids from the same plant. Together with these lipidated steroid saponins, they establish additional new markers for D. villosa. The lipidation of steroids with analog long-chain fatty acids containing different degrees of unsaturation generates an entire series of compounds which are difficult to purify and analyze. The structures of the two series of lipidated steroid saponins (series A and B) were established by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR as well as GC–MS after chemical modification. Series A was determined to be a mixture of lipidated spirostanol glycosides (1–5), while series B (6–10) was proved to be a mixture of five lipidated clionasterol glucosides. The latter group represents the first derivatives of clionasterol to be found in D. villosa. The discovery of this specific structural type of aliphatic esters of steroid saponins expands the characterization of the secondary metabolome of D. villosa. It may also inspire biological studies which take into account the lipophilic character and significantly altered physiochemical characteristics of these otherwise relatively polar phytoconstituents.     

THE COMPOSITION OF TREE LEAVES

Tree leaves have been collected from three series of forestplots, each series with a wide range of tree species establishedon a fairly uniform soil type. The contents of sodium, potassium,calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, silica, phosphorus, ash,carbon, and nitrogen in the tree leaves are given. The chemicalcompositions of the leaves are related to soil conditions andthe tree species selected for afforestation. When hardwood leavesare compared with softwood leaves some consistent differencesin chemical composition occur between the two groups at allthree localities. The ecological and silvicultural applicationsof foliar analysis are considered.     

Über die Ursachen und Kriterien der Immissionsresistenz bei Fichte,Picea abies (L.) Karst1

Causes and criteria of resistance to air pollution in Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. IV. Recovery of injured needles, connections between forms of resistance and summary of results to date. Water potential measurement of resistant clones of Norway spruce treated with SO₂ showed that they recovered better than control clones or were at least not so permanently affected. From a variety of experiments on fumigation, it was concluded that reflexive and “internal” resistance were associated. The results of the series of papers so far are summarised.     

杉木造林密度试验阶段报告

以南方１４省（区）杉木栽培科研协作组划分的杉木带、区为基础，于１９８１年分别在广西、江西、福建、四川及河南各省设置５种密度的杉木造林试验林。经过１０年试验结果，研究了密度对主要测树因子和木材质量的影响，还根据出材量和经济效益分析，确定了各带主要指数级的最佳初植密度。即南带。中带１４—１６指数级和北带１２－１４指数级每公顷以栽植５０００株为宜；中带１８指数级以上者，每公顷以栽植３３３３株为宜。     

Goals for public participation implied by sustainable development, and the preparatory process of the Finnish National Forest Programme

Since the UNCED in 1992, National Forest Programmes (NFP) have been widely acknowledged as a means to implement internationally agreed upon sustainability goals for forest management. However, national forest programmes are prepared and implemented in national political, social and ecological contexts, which vary significantly between countries. Finland has a long tradition of “forest programming”, starting from the 1950s, which has contributed to the institutions and culture of preparing such programmes. These programmes have traditionally been prepared in governmentally facilitated committees and working groups in close collaboration with interest groups and representatives of research and administration.In this paper, we develop goals for participation in a policy decision-making process. These goals, based on sustainable development definitions and policies, include: (1) generating new relevant information, (2) incorporating all relevant interests, and (3) contributing to reaching public agreement.Demands for increasing public awareness, inclusion of different views as well as respect for procedural citizen rights were obvious expectations also behind Finland's National Forest Programme 2010 that was made in 1999. The new forms of participation applied in the already well-developed interest-group-integrating policy preparation system provided an opportunity to take the participation goals more seriously. According to our analysis, the arguments arising from the new forms of participation were strongly in line with those already previously present in Finnish forest policy discourse, and the new forms of participation functioned merely as legitimating and awareness raising systems.     

油茶林地土壤铝的含量和化学形态分析

为探讨油茶林地土壤铝的化学形态、土壤铝含量与油茶叶片铝含量的相关性,测定了湖南省14个油茶林地土壤和油茶叶片的铝含量以及土壤铝的化学形态。结果表明:油茶林地根际土壤和0~20 cm土层总铝含量差异不显著,但土壤中不同形态铝含量有明显的差异,含量由高到低依次为有机态络合铝、酸溶无机铝、腐殖酸铝、可交换铝、单聚体羟基铝,有机态络合铝、酸溶无机铝和腐殖酸铝是油茶林土壤中含量较高的活性铝,三者占可提取活性铝总量的75%以上。湖南地区油茶老叶铝含量为8.277~15.890 g/kg,嫩叶铝含量为4.097~7.451 g/kg,老叶铝含量显著高于嫩叶。油茶嫩叶中的铝含量与土壤中的可交换铝和有机态络合铝含量呈极显著正相关,而油茶老叶中的铝含量只与土壤的有机态络合铝含量呈极显著正相关。     

柳河罗通山自然保护区植物多样性调查与分析

通过对吉林柳河罗通山自然保护区植物种类的调查与分析,结果表明:区域内有蕨类植物14科24种,裸子植物2科6种,被子植物82科399种,占吉林省植物种类的18.1%;分属4个植被类型、19个植物群系。区域内有吉林省新记录种1种,少见种2种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生植物1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物6种。