寒地黑土非物质文化遗产保护的大学模式探索——以绥化农耕文化保护为例

外受西方工业文明冲击,内受传统观念制约,加之缺乏有效保护手段和措施,寒地黑土非物质文化遗产保护中存在的问题日益凸显。地方大学发挥自身多重优势,以教育传承为途径,将非遗保护融入大学的教育教学、科学研究和服务地方社会发展中来,逐步形成独具特色的寒地黑土非遗保护的新模式。     

圆：一种解读休闲农业开发理念的文化视角

评述了农耕文化的内涵,在认识农业多功能的基础上重新审视农业的教育、文化、休闲等功能,分析了农耕文化作为休闲农业开发理念核心的原因,提出基于农耕景观、农耕器具、传统制作手艺等有形农耕文化和岁时节日、农事诗谚等无形农耕文化开发的休闲农业项目设计思路,并指出在以体验理念勾画休闲农业之圆时应注重在重感官的初级体验、强调参与的高级体验和浑然融合的终极体验等层次上产品设计方面的差异性,最终形成以农耕文化为圆的核心、以休闲农业项目设计为圆的延伸半径、以体验理念勾画休闲农业之圆的模型,成为一种解读休闲农业开发的文化新视角。     

No “Greek‐Letter Writing”: Local Models of Resource Economies

ABSTRACT In trying to understand resource economies, the article develops the idea of local models. A local model, in contrast to a universal model, is sensitive to the peculiarities of geographical context. Those peculiarities, rather than being reduced to some higher order of logic as in universal models, are kept intact, forming the very basis of understanding. Our approach to local modeling draws specifically on institutional economics. That tradition makes the argument that the economy is shaped by various institutions (not all of which are economic), which are continually changing and which take on different constellations in different places. By setting out a grid of central institutions operating in resource economies, and comparatively using the examples of the forest economies of British Columbia, Canada, North Island, New Zealand, and Tasmania, Australia, the article constructs three local models. Each has the same constituent elements, but how they are related and what eventuates are peculiar to the specific region.     

Poverty and Local Governments: Economic Development and Community Service Provision in an Era of Decentralization

Social scientists have given substantial attention to poverty across U.S. localities. However, most work views localities through the lens of population aggregates, not as units of government. Few poverty researchers question whether governments of poorer localities have the capacity to engage in economic development and service activities that might improve community well‐being. This issue is increasingly important as responsibilities for growth and redistribution are decentralized to local governments that vary dramatically in resources. Do poorer communities have less activist local governments? Are they more likely to be engaged in a race to the bottom, focusing on business attraction activities but neglecting services for families and working people? We bring together two distinct literatures, critical research on decentralization and research on local development efforts, that provide contrasting views about the penalty of poverty. Data are from a unique, national survey of county governments measuring activity across two time points. The most consistent determinants of activity are local government capacity, devolutionary pressures, and inertia or past use of strategies. Net of these factors, levels and changes in poverty do not significantly impact government activity. There is no evidence the nations' poorest counties are racing to the bottom. Findings challenge views that poverty is a systematic structural barrier to pursuing innovative economic development policies and suggest that even poorer communities can take steps to build local capacity, resources, and networks that expand programs for local businesses and low‐wage people.     

论农民工研究中参与观察的过程与策略——以农民工装修队个案研究为例

参与观察法是社会学和人类学最基本的研究方法之一,其主要特点是从局内人的角度出发观察其日常生活世界,记录并分析所得到的资料以期产生在理论层面的突破。本文结合一个农民工装修队研究的个案讨论了1）参与观察法的现场选择和进入、2）研究者的局内人角色、3）建立和维持实地关系、4）研究者的观察、访问及记录、5）参与观察法的中立性和客观性和6）共同建构的研究问题共六方面参与观察实践中的问题。提出了扮演局内人角色、建立信任和互惠关系、依靠关键人物、展示研究细节等参与观察法的实践策略,并在最后提出参与观察研究的研究问题并非研究者单方面一次性决定的而是在研究者与局内人的互动中被不断重新建构的结果。     

基于综合指数法的区域公共文化服务体系发展水平测评研究

为了研究区域公共文化服务评价指标体系的构建和山东省17地市基本公共文化服务发展状况,运用层次分析法构建了评价指标体系,利用综合指数测评法对山东省17地市公共文化服务建设水平进行了研究。将公共图书馆、艺术表演团体、艺术馆与文化馆、文化站、大众传媒、公共文化经费投入6个模块作为一级指标,每个模块分别选取若干二级指标,总共选取了27个二级指标构建了评价指标体系,对山东省17地市的公共文化发展状况进行了分模块测评比较和总体测评比较研究,研究发现山东省17地市公共文化服务总体发展较好,但是在进行分模块比较时,地区间差异较大,在进行综合测评时,这种地区间发展水平的差异明显降低,从中可以看出各地对公共文化服务建设侧重不同。     

Protection and Development of Famous Historic and Cultural Cities Guided by Tourism Culture Geography:A Case Study of Ancient Pingyao City

By introducing cultural landscape theories and attaching importance to practical application of theories, this paper analyzed protection and development of ancient Pingyao City under the guidance of relevant theories. Taking Pingyao for example, application of theories in practices will be better understood, and the role of human geography in urban planning reflected. Referring to the protection and development cases of famous historic and cultural cities, this paper analyzed historical and cultural context, and spatial environment of Ancient Pingyao City from the perspectives of culture and geography, and proposed suggestions for the protection and development of ancient city under the guidance of human geography theories.     

Re‐examining the Neighborhood Distribution of Higher Priced Mortgage Lending: Global versus Local Methods

This paper demonstrates the application of the local geographically weighted regression (GWR) method to mortgage studies, using the Philadelphia metropolitan statistical area (MSA) as a case study. Previous related studies widely employed the global, ordinary least square (OLS) method to examine the spatial distribution of subprime/higher priced mortgages. The OLS method, however, masks the spatial variations in mortgage distributions. The innovative GWR method not only provides a significant improvement in model fitness but also reveals that the statistical relationships between neighborhood characteristics and the prevalence of higher priced mortgage shares are spatially varied. In addition, the GWR method can bring forward potential implications for place‐based policy making. Improving upon previous methodologies in mortgage studies, this paper shows that the GWR method can advance our understanding of how neighborhood environments are associated with mortgage lending patterns.     

农村集体建设用地集约利用面临的挑战与对策——以渝东北11区县为例

渝东北地区作为重庆市“一圈两翼”发展战略的重要组成部分,具有三峡库区的特殊性,该地区农村集体建设用地的集约利用将更加有效地显化农村土地资产、保护库区生态环境。基于此本文对渝东北地区丰都、忠县、垫江、梁平、万州、开县、云阳、奉节、巫山、巫溪、城口等11个区县展开实地调研,并综合运用问卷调查、专家咨询和文献资料等方法,解析了该地区“宅基地置换城镇住房保障”、“城乡建设用地增减挂钩”等多种土地集约利用创新模式,以及产权管理模糊、规划管理薄弱等面临的挑战,最后从完善农村集体建设用地产权、统筹城乡建设用地规划管理2个方面论述了农村集体建设用地集约利用的对策建议。     

Co‐creating an Open Government Action Plan: The Case of Sekondi‐Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly,Ghana

This paper contributes to the limited literature on open government initiatives at the subnational level in developing countries. It examines the motivations of actors in a local government authority to utilize the capabilities of various stakeholders to overcome constraints in cocreating an action plan for open government reforms. This empirical analysis utilized qualitative fieldwork conducted in Sekondi‐Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana's third largest local government. The findings demonstrate that a confluence of citizen demand for openness, and willingness within the governance stakeholders, are motivating the pursuit of open government reforms. Viewed through an open innovation framework, we argue that achieving good governance through information transparency, public participation, and accountability reforms is hindered by the institutional environment. Ghana's subnational governments need national level commitment to provide the resources, mandate, and authority to become truly “open.”     

Growth‐Oriented Small Firms and the Nature and Extent of Local Embeddedness: The Case of a Traditional Metalworking Cluster

ABSTRACT Clusters now form a central element in many regional economic development policies. Location within a cluster of related industries is thought to increase a firm's competitive advantage resulting in higher output and productivity growth rates than in similar firms located beyond the cluster. This study focuses on owner‐managers operating small firms within a traditional cluster of metalworking industries and empirically examines the relationship between growth‐orientation and the extent and nature of cluster embeddedness. The results indicate only a limited number of differences in growth‐orientation given variations in levels of cluster embeddedness. Contrary to conventional wisdom, many of the most growth‐oriented entrepreneurs focus their activities outside the cluster, especially in terms of market‐based linkages. However, those firms with more advanced process technologies do tend to show above average within cluster linkages.     

Clover as a cover crop for weed suppression in an intercropping design: I. Characteristics of several clover species

Weeds often form a major problem in weakly competitive vegetable crops, particularly in low input systems. Undersown cover crops can be used to suppress weeds, but often put too high a competitive pressure on the main crop. Cover crop selection is one of the potential means that can be used to design or optimize these intercropping systems. The objective of the current research was to investigate the variability among a range of clover species in morphological and physiological traits that are considered relevant for interplant competition. To this purpose, field experiments with pure stands of eight clover species (2001) and a selection of three clover species (2002) were conducted, in which regular observations and periodic harvests were taken. Clear differences in the time in which full soil cover was obtained, total accumulated biomass, growth duration, height development and N-accumulation were observed. Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) and subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) were the two most contrasting species in this study, particularly differing in the period in which full soil cover was obtained. Persian clover's faster soil cover could not be attributed to a single trait, but resulted from a number of intrinsic characteristics, like light extinction coefficient, light use efficiency and specific leaf area that together determine the relative growth rate. The study also demonstrated the importance of differences in relative starting position, caused by, for instance, seed size, seeding rate and fraction establishment, for the analysis of early growth characteristics. Alsike clover (T. hybridum L.), berseem clover (T. alexandrinum L) and crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.) developed slower than Persian clover, but all produced a higher amount of accumulated dry matter, due to a longer growing period. Clear differences in height and height development between species were observed. These differences were not associated with dry matter accumulation, as the tallest (red clover; 80 cm) and the shortest species (subterranean clover; 12 cm) produced similar amounts of dry matter. A strong positive correlation between early soil cover development and N-accumulation was observed. The large variability among clover species indicates that species selection is a very important aspect of the development of cropping systems that include clover as a cover crop.     

生态城市背景下的地方高校校园景观建设探讨 ——以皖西北高校校园景观建设为例

高校校园景观是生态城市建设的重要组成部分,而随着生态园林城市建设的兴起,地方高校校园景观的建设更是生态城市建设不可或缺的有机组成部分。通过地方高校校园的生态环境建设,对于生态城市整体协调发展,促进城市建设的其他因素的发展起着至关重要的作用。以皖西北高校校园景观为例,分析生态城市背景下皖西北地方高校校园景观建设中存在的问题,从生态城市发展的角度,提出用多维的观点加强与地方城市的生态建设相衔接、发挥“生态核”景观的作用、创造和谐型与节约型的校园景观空间、紧扣地域历史文化特色的皖西北地方高校校园景观建设的发展思路。     

现代农业发展现状及路径分析——以山东省商河县为例

为了研究国内部分地区现代农业发展现状,运用实例分析及路径分析的方法对商河县以及下辖孙集镇的现代农业发展进行了分析研究.结果 表明:商河县在农业现代化发展上已初具水平,但仍存在一些问题,结合商河县实际情况及山东省政策,提出了加快产业融合发展,扶持优势产业,坚持科创引领,全面深化改革,推动农业产业化等对策建议.农业现代化过...     

The Role of Pre‐Entry Experience of Firm Founders in Peripheral Regions: Routines,Business Contacts,and Local Starting Conditions

This paper investigates how spinoffs in peripheral regions can profit from the work experience of their founders. More specifically, it discusses which firm routines and business contacts entrepreneurs gather through their prior work experience, and how this experience influences the organizational structure and orientation of the newly founded firm. The transfer of capabilities from parent firm to spinoff has been identified as important aspect of industrial clustering, but empirical evidence from peripheral areas is still sparse. It compares 22 semi‐structured interviews with founders of manufacturing firms from different peripheral regions in Switzerland to investigate whether routine and network transfer differs in varying peripheral contexts. The results show that not only inherited routines are important, but also inherited business contacts. Further, instead of simply reproducing acquired routines and networks, founders employ a mixture of continuity and change to find a good trade‐off between relying on well‐proven practices and introducing novelty. Finally, the geographical proximity of inherited business contacts seems to have an influence on the implementation strategy founders choose. Entrepreneurs with strong inherited local business contacts do not have to invest as much in building up new business contacts as those entrepreneurs in more isolated locations.     

Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in the Asia‐Pacific region: The role of international assistance

Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of international development targets agreed to by members of the United Nations in 2000. The goals aim to improve many of the dimensions of extreme poverty and are to be achieved by 2015. This paper provides an overview of the issues relevant to the achievement of the MDGs in the Asia‐Pacific region. The paper begins by discussing the critiques of the MDGs before assessing whether countries in the region are on track to achieve them. Issues relating to data availability and accuracy are discussed and the need to tailor the MDG targets to the special circumstances of some Asia‐Pacific countries is examined. The paper proceeds by discussing the role of international assistance via international foreign development aid and non‐governmental organisations in the achievement of the MDGs. The paper concludes with some policy implications for the international donor community.     

高本衔接一体化教学标准的研制与实践——以食品专业为例

以职业教育高本衔接的现实需求为出发点,准确定位制定系统化培养食品领域高技术技能型人才的专业标准和课程标准,既是我国食品行业发展的需要,也是构建现代职业教育体系和职业教育人才培养类型转变的教育发展的必然需求。     

Note: Evaluating Community Economic Development Planning Programs with a Small Number of Participants: A Non‐Parametric Approach

Many researchers and practitioners agree that evaluation of economic development planning programs is important, although the perspectives on the approaches, methods, and use of results vary widely. Confounding the issue are cases in which development programs have a small number of participants and typical measures such as parametric statistics are not valid. The alternate evaluation technique presented here uses a non‐parametric approach, incorporating a control group for comparison purposes. The paper begins with a review of evaluation issues for economic development planning programs, followed by an illustration of the approach suitable for programs with small numbers of participants. It utilizes a case study of a publicly‐funded small business incubator program, the Advanced Technology Development Center, located in Atlanta, Georgia. By explaining how the analysis is constructed and the results interpreted, the paper illustrates a potentially useful methodological approach to evaluating community economic development programs.     

Development on the periphery: A case study of the sub‐national island jurisdiction of Pitcairn Island

This research reports on empirical findings of remote Pitcairn Island, the last remaining British Overseas Territory in the Pacific. It uses a qualitative methodology to discuss the island's potential for tourism development while recognising the issues and challenges faced by many small island developing states. However, as a sub‐national island jurisdiction Pitcairn presents a number of issues unique to its temporal socio‐political development and its centre periphery relationship with the metropole. The concept ‘decolonising without disengaging’ is posited to argue sub‐national island jurisdictions are places/spaces of innovative, creative and differentiated development processes that offer interesting departures from the conventional realms of sustainable discourse and island development. This concept is posited as a strategy of empowerment whereby autonomy without sovereignty does not necessarily hinder the development of tourism industries.