Treatment of Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma Using Cobalt 60 Radiation and Intraarterial Cisplatin

Twelve dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were treated with 24–40 Gy of cobalt 60 radiation and two doses of intraarterial cisplatin. Improvement in limb function occurred in four dogs, and three dogs, which had only mild initial lameness, had no worsening of their lameness post-treatment. In nine dogs in which local control was evaluable, eight had local failure, with the median (95% CI) duration of local control being 5.9 (4.6, 6.7) months. Two dogs had metastatic disease before therapy, and an additional nine dogs had metastatic disease at a median time of 6.4 months. Pathologic fracture was present in four dogs; two fractures occurred before treatment and two were documented at the time of tumor recurrence. Median (95% CI) survival time for all 12 dogs was 4.9 (3.4, 6.8) months. Excluding the two dogs with preexisting metastatic disease, median survival time was 6.7 months. Three dogs survived longer than 1 year. This mode of therapy was well tolerated and may be considered an alternative to amputation or limb-sparing surgical procedures in selected dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.     

Incidence and Types of Canine Rectal Carcinomas

Abstract— In a period of 12 years (1956–1967) fourteen carcinomas of the rectum were observed in a total number of 12,456 autopsies and surgical specimens. Additionally one polypous adenoma and six mesenchymal tumours of the rectum were seen. The average age of the dogs with tumours was 9 years. Adenocarcinomas with mucin production (eight cases) were more prevalent than scirrhous carcinomas (four cases) and undifferentiated carcinomas (two cases).
Metastases were seen in nine out of fourteen cases reported.
Résumé— 12.456 nécropsies et interventions chirurgicales effectuées au cours de 12 am (1956–1967) ont permis de déceler, chez les chiens étudiés, quatorze carcinomes du rectum, ainsi qu'un adénome polypeux et six tumeurs du mésenchyme. L'âge moyen des chiens atteints était de 9 ans. L'ordre de fréquence des tumeurs constatées se présente comme suit: adénocarcinomes avec production de mucine (huit cas); carcinomes squirreux (quatre cas); carcinomes non différenciés (dew cas).
Sur les quatorze cas constatés un seul comportait, des métastases neof comportaient
Zusammenfassung— In einem Zeitraum von 12 Jahren (1956–1967) wurden bei einer Gesamtzahf von 12,456 Sektionen und Organeinsendungen 14 Rektumkarzinome bei Hunden festgestellt. Weiterhin wurden 1 polypöses Adenom und 6 mesenchymale Tumoren des Rektums beobachtet. Das Durchschnittsalter der Hunde mit Tumoren betrug 9 Jahre. Adenokarzinome mit Muzinbildung (8 Fälle) waren häufiger als skirrhöse Karzinome (4 Fälle) und undifferenzierte Karzinome (2 Fälle). Metastasen wurden in 9 von 14 Fällen festgestellt.     

Abnormal Hemostatic Profiles and Gastric Necrosis in Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus

Hemostatic profiles (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration, fibrin degradation product concentration, platelet count, and antithrombin III activity) were acquired prospectively in 20 dogs with a diagnosis of gastric dilatation-volvulus. Eighteen dogs had abnormal results of one or more hemostatic test, including eight dogs that had hemostatic profiles consistent with a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. During surgery, or at necropsy, the dogs' stomachs were evaluated for gross abnormalities, and lesions were graded subjectively as mild, moderate, or severe. Eight dogs had mild gastric lesions, five had moderate lesions, and seven had severe changes indicating gastric necrosis. Seventy percent (7/10) of the dogs with two to six abnormal hemostatic test results had gastric necrosis, whereas none of the 10 dogs with no or one abnormality had gastric necrosis (p < .001). A multiple linear regression equation, based on fibrin degradation product concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time, and antithrombin III activity was derived to predict gastric necrosis. This equation correctly identified gastric necrosis with 86% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 93% negative predictive value.     

如皋鸡不同时期肌肉组织生长相关基因的表达谱分析

旨在了解如皋鸡不同时期肌肉生长发育机制。本研究利用基因芯片技术,分析在不同生长阶段下(2～12周龄)如皋鸡肌肉组织基因的表达情况。获得了13 379个基因的差异表达动态图谱。在不同生长阶段下肌肉组织生长基因的表达发生变化,与2周龄相比,4和12周龄下调表达的基因数量多于上调表达的基因数量,6、8和10周龄下调表达的基因数量少于上调表达的基因数量。同时对杂交数据进行多种聚类分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR验证4个基因的差异表达,其结果和芯片杂交分析的结果基本一致。初步建立了不同时期肌肉生长应答基因的动态表达谱,比较全面地获得了肌肉生长应答基因,初步揭示了如皋鸡不同时期肌肉生长发育机制。     

Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjuvant Pamidronate with Palliative Radiotherapy and Intravenous Doxorubicin for Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma Bone Pain

Background: Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) causes focal malignant osteolysis leading to severe pain. Despite the documented efficacy of radiotherapy or IV aminobisphosphonates for managing cancer bone pain, their potential combined therapeutic value has not been reported in OSA-bearing dogs.
Hypothesis: Pamidronate combined with standardized palliative therapy will improve pain control and bone biologic effects in OSA-bearing dogs.
Animals: Fifty dogs with appendicular OSA treated with standardized palliative therapy and either pamidronate or sterile saline.
Methods: Randomized, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Treatment responses for dogs receiving standardized palliative therapy with (n = 26) or without (n = 24) adjuvant pamidronate were serially evaluated for changes in subjective pain scores, urine N-telopeptide (NTx) excretion, primary tumor relative bone mineral density ( r BMD), and computerized pressure platform gait analysis.
Results: Median duration of subjective pain relief for dogs treated with adjuvant pamidronate or placebo was 76 and 75 days, respectively ( P = .39). Forty percent (20/50; pamidronate [11/26] and placebo [9/24]) of dogs experienced durable analgesia, defined by pain alleviation ≥112 days. For patients achieving durable pain control, dogs treated with pamidronate achieved greater reductions in NTx excretion and larger increases in r BMD compared with placebo controls. Changes in peak vertical force assessed by computerized pressure platform gait analysis correlated with pain alleviation in OSA-bearing dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Combining pamidronate with standardized palliative therapy is safe, but does not clearly improve pain alleviation. However, in dogs achieving durable pain control, adjuvant pamidronate appears to decrease focal bone resorption in the local tumor microenvironment.     

山羊INSR基因可变剪接体在背最长肌中的表达模式

旨在对山羊胰岛素受体（insulin receptor,INSR）基因进行可变剪接分析,研究其在背最长肌中的表达模式。本试验以简州大耳羊妊娠期胎儿（妊娠期第45、60和105天）及出生后第3天羔羊背最长肌为试验材料,基于转录组测序数据（accession number：SRR3567144）并利用Sanger测序验证,分析INSR基因的可变剪接体类型及其在背最长肌中的表达差异,同时利用在线软件对不同可变剪接体进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,在山羊背最长肌中INSR基因CDS区存在4种不同的可变剪接形式（INSR1、INSR2、INSR3和INSR4）,其CDS长分别为4 110、4 146、4 113和4 149 bp,对应的氨基酸残基数分别为1 369、1 381、1 370和1 382个。山羊INSR 4个可变剪接体之间的主要区别在于Exon 11（36 bp）跳跃和Exon 15部分（3 bp）缺失,这两种可变剪接模式在牛、猪、山羊、人、绵羊和小鼠间完全一致。这些可变剪接改变了山羊INSR的Ser磷酸化位点和第二个FN3功能域,使所编码蛋白3D结构在两个区域发生明显改变。同时,各可变剪接体表达量在背最长肌发育的4个时期均无显著性差异（P>0.05）,同一时期各可变剪接体表达量之间也无显著性差异（P>0.05）。INSR基因序列和剪接模式在哺乳动物中高度保守,该研究结果将为深入揭示INSR基因对动物肌肉发育的调控机制提供理论参考。     

肌纤维类型与猪肉品质的关系

作者阐述了几个品种猪肌纤维类型的组织学染色测定差异,以及不同方法测定条件下肌纤维类型的代谢和收缩特性。采用组织学方法所得肌纤维亚型结果不同,致使不同试验报道的肌纤维类型与猪肉品质关系缺乏应有的联系。此外,MyoD家族基因的表达与猪肉不同肌纤维类型的关系已经建立。     

Response of Canine Synovial Membrane to Three Different Types of Suture Material

The synovial tissue response to three different suture materials was assessed in nine dogs. Stifle joint arthrotomies were sutured with either chromic gut, teflon coated polyester suture, or polypropylene suture; all joint capsule layers were penetrated, exposing the suture material to the joint cavity. The synoviocytic and subsynviocytic layers at the arthrotomy site were examined histologically one, two, and three weeks following surgery. Chromic gut caused the greatest cellular inflammatory response and polypropylene the least. Teflon coated polyester and chromic gut were associated with nearly the same degree of tissue fibrosis. Polypropylene was associated with much less fibrosis than the other suture materials.     

肌纤维类型与特性的研究进展

肌纤维的组成和特性与肉品质的关系极大,肉品质通常与肌肉的新陈代谢和收缩性有关,并由肌纤维类型的分布状况所决定。详细阐述了肌纤维的类型、差异及其生化和组化特性,并探讨了与肉质表观性状的关系,以达到在未来育种战略中提高家畜肉的产量和改善肉的品质的目标。     

Motor Fibers in the Canine Distal Caudal Cutaneous Sural Nerve—Dual Innervation of the Hind Limb Plantar Muscles

The function of the communicating branch of the distal caudal cutaneous sural (DCCS) nerve to the tibial nerve was investigated in 7 adult dogs and was found to contain the motor component of this nerve. This function was studied by direct visualization of the contraction of the hind limb plantar muscles and by direct electrophysiologic recording of motor unit action potentials in these muscles, following stimulation of the DCCS nerve. Contraction of all of the mm. interossei, the mm. lumbricales, the m. adductor digiti quinti and the m. adductor digiti secundi was observed with the stimulation of either the tibial or the DCCS nerves, although there was a qualitative variability in the plantar muscles exhibiting the strongest contraction with stimulation of the latter nerve. This communicating branch was not found in one of the experimental dogs, suggesting some individual variability in the DCCS nerve anatomy and subsequent function. This study conclusively demonstrated that the canine DCCS nerve contains both motor and sensory nerve fibers, which is similar to this nerve in the rat, but anatomically and functionally different to that in the human and the cat.     

不同细度类型细羊毛纤维直径变异研究

共采集150个中国美利奴羊（新疆型）3个细度类型（18 μm以下、18～20 μm及20 μm以上）羊毛样本，分析了沿毛丛长度方向及毛丛内纤维间直径变异。结果表明，不同细度类型羊毛沿毛丛方向纤维直径有相似的变异规律且与饲草料资源的季节性变化吻合，但细度18 μm以下羊毛纤维直径变异最小（P<0.01）；相反地，毛丛内纤维间直径变异随羊毛细度的降低而增大（P<0.01）。     

Biologic Behavior and Clinical Outcome of 25 Dogs with Canine Appendicular Chondrosarcoma Treated by Amputation: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Retrospective Study

Objective— To characterize biologic behavior, clinical outcome, and effect of histologic grade on prognosis for dogs with appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by amputation alone. Study Design— Case series. Animals— Dogs (n=25) with appendicular chondrosarcoma. Methods— Medical records were searched to identify dogs with appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by limb amputation alone. Information recorded included signalment, anatomic location, radiographic appearance, and development of metastasis. Histopathologic diagnosis was confirmed and graded (1, 2, or 3). Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the association between covariates (gender, age, weight, and tumor grade) and survival were evaluated using the univariate proportional hazards model. Results— Histopathology slides were available for 25 dogs. Rates of pulmonary metastasis were as follows: grade 1–0%, grade 2–31%, and grade 3–50%. Overall median survival time (MST) was 979 days. Age, weight, and sex were not significantly associated with survival (P=.16; .33; and .31, respectively). Survival was significantly associated with tumor grade (P=.008), with dogs with tumor grade of 1, 2, and 3 having MSTs of 6, 2.7, and 0.9 years, respectively. Conclusion— Canine appendicular chondrosarcoma can be treated effectively with amputation alone. Low to intermediate grade chondrosarcoma has a good prognosis, whereas high‐grade tumors appear to behave aggressively. Clinical Relevance— The overall prognosis for appendicular chondrosarcoma is better than that of appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone or in combination with chemotherapy.     

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Zinc Gluconate Associated with Dimethyl Sulphoxide for Sexually Mature Canine Males Chemical Neutering

The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of zinc gluconate associated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for chemical neutering in canine males. Fifteen sexually mature male dogs were divided in two groups, named control and treated. An injection was administered to both testicles, at a concentration of 26.2 mg zinc gluconate per ml and 0.5% DMSO in the treated group (11 dogs). The control group was given injections of saline solution (four dogs). Clinical examination and blood collection for a haemogram were done both before and after drug injection. There were 12 spermograms performed to analyse sperm motility, sperm vigour, ejaculate volume, testicle size, pathology and sperm concentrations. Libido was also measured. An ultrasound examination and histopathology were performed at the end of the experiment. Dogs’ libido after chemical injection was reduced by over 50%. The spermogram analysis showed final mean results of 14.54% for sperm motility, 0.72 of sperm vigour and 37 150 per million spermatozoa per millilitre, values considered below the necessary levels at which fertilization can occur. Ultrasound and histopathology analyses of testicles for the treated group revealed more intense injuries when compared with the control group, with compromised testicular parenchyma and a decrease of germ cell number leading to total atrophy, indicating that the treatment reduced the fertilizing potential of male dogs, promoting a possible subfertile status.     

犬口腔内喉室声带切除术

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,不少人将饲养犬只作为一种时尚生活,特别是在市区犬只的饲养数量日益增多。但是很多犬主又时常抱怨自己的爱犬老是爱叫,影响主人和他人休息及工作,经常受到投诉。对该问题的最好解决方法是对犬只实施声带切除手术。较传统的方法是经腹侧喉室声带切除术,该手术需要显露喉室和声带再施以摘除。     

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Clonal Relatedness of Canine and Feline Escherichia coli Pathogens Expressing Multidrug Resistance in the United States

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing among Escherichia coli isolates associated with spontaneous infection in dogs and cats. Objectives: To describe E. coli resistance phenotypes and clonal relatedness and their regional prevalence. Animals: Isolates of E. coli (n = 376) collected from dogs and cats in the United States between May and September 2005. Methods: Isolates submitted from the South, West, Northeast, and Midwest regions of the United States were prospectively studied. Phenotype was based on E‐test susceptibility to 7 antimicrobials. Isolates were classified as no (NDR), single (SDR), or multidrug resistance (MDR). Clonal relatedness was determined by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: One hundred and ninety‐three (51%) isolates expressed resistance to at least 1 drug, yielding 42 phenotypes. SDR isolates (n = 84; 44%, 8 phenotypes), expressed resistance most commonly to amoxicillin (30%, n = 25) and least commonly to cefpodoxime (1%, n = 1). MDR isolates (n = 109; 56%, 31 phenotypes) were resistant to amoxicillin (96%, n = 105), amoxicillin‐clavulanate (85%, n = 93), and enrofloxacin (64%, n = 70); 18% (n = 20) were resistant to all drugs tested. The frequency of MDR did not differ regionally (P= .066). MDR minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 6‐fold higher than SDR MICs (P < .0001). Dendrograms of 91 isolates representing 25 phenotypes revealed 62 different PFGE profiles. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: E. coli strains spontaneously infecting dogs and cats are genetically and phenotypically diverse. Given the current prevalence of MDR among clinical isolates of E. coli in United States, implementation of a robust surveillance program is warranted.     

犬的咀嚼肌和选择的肢体肌的肌球蛋白电泳比较

将犬的肢体肌肉（臂三头肌的内头和长头、肘肌和腕桡伸肌）的肌球蛋白与咀嚼肌（颞肌和咬肌）的肌球蛋白在生物化学上进行比较,与肌体肌肉相比较,颞肌和咬肌有下列特点：独特的肌球蛋白构形,独特的轻链,独特的重链。     

Fiber Types Distribution in the Digastric Muscle of Tufted Capuchin Monkey (Cebus apella)

Fiber types distribution in the diagastric muscle of tufted capuchin monkey was studied by means of NADH-TR, myosin-ATPase, after alkaline and acid preincubations and SDH histochemical reactions. Three different types of fibers were found presenting an equal distribution. The percentage and types of fibers were as follow: 18.2 % SO (Slow Oxydative), 38.4 % FOG (Fast Oxydative Glycolytic) and 43.4 % FG (Fast Glycolytic). FG fibers revealed the largest area. The relatively high concentration of fast twitch (81.2 %) seems to indicate this muscle is involved with the acceleration and fast speed of jaw movements. Aerobic metabolism represented by SO + FOG fibers (56.6 %) suggestes that this muscle possesses an additional role than that related to the lowering of the jaw.