Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in rat forebrain: autoradiographic identification

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors were identified in rat forebrain by autoradiography with an iodine-125-labeled analog of ovine CRF substituted with norleucine and tyrosine at amino acid residues 21 and 32, respectively. High-affinity receptors for CRF were found in discrete areas of rat forebrain, including laminae I and IV of the neocortex, the external layer of the medium eminence, the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, and the striatum. These results are consistent with earlier findings on the immunohistochemical distribution of CRF and suggest that endogenous CRF has a physiological role in regulating activity of the central nervous system.     

Multiple sclerosis: serum factor producing reversible alterations in bioelectric responses

Serums obtained from patients during acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis produce a reversible depression of polysynaptic reflex responses when applied to the isolated spinal cord of the frog. Motoneuron discharges initiated by monosynaptic activation through an axosomatic spinal pathway are much less affected than reflex discharges. The active factor in serum appears to depend on the presence of complement.     

主要发展中国家农业"绿箱"支持政策比较

一、世界主要发展中国家农业“绿箱”支持情况 1．韩国 韩国于1995年颁布了《WTO履行特别法》,根据该法规定．韩国增加了“绿箱”开支,这些增加的支出主要用于补贴：由于加入WTO不得不控制发展的领域：由于耕地稀少而导致的贫困农民;由于实施环境保护而遭受损失的农民和农业生产没有直接联系的农民．     

“社会主要矛盾转变”背景下我国住房政策 变迁分析

“房住不炒”及相关住房政策的提出,既有利于解决新城市居民的住房需求,缓解社会 矛盾;又有利于盘活闲置建设用地,促进土地制度的深化改革。新时代下,我国社会主要矛盾的 转变必然伴随着各领域政策的变迁,以前者为轴心,重点分析我国自房地产市场化改革以来的 住房政策改革历程,溯源当下住房政策出台的历史背景,或许能为城乡用地市场的一体化建设 提供思路,同时为后续多层次、多结构住房供给机制的构建提供参考。     

多重视域下管窥“后科举时代”的近代乡村社会——近二十年来研究述评与取向省思

在近代“数千年未有之大变局”之下,清廷于1905年废除了实施千余年的科举制度,这一举措无疑令人瞩目。清廷原本希冀引鉴近代西方教育模式,以新式学堂取代科举制度,未能顾及背后制度化、社会结构关联,这对基层农村的影响尤为明显。这一制度的终结不单使得个人行为模式、思维观念发生巨大转向,更使得中国基层社会发生重大变化,国家、个人与社会的关系重组与调试。本文拟借助清末停废科举一案,结合前人研究成果,思考学术视野拓宽与研究取向变化的可能性。复次,在进行研究视域转变的同时,对今后近代乡村社会的研究提出几点需要注意的问题。如何将该研究精细化、多元化,依然值得更多学界同仁努力与探索。     

"Pure" human hematopoietic progenitors: permissive action of basic fibroblast growth factor

Methodology has been developed that enables virtually complete purification and abundant recovery of early hematopoietic progenitors from normal human adult peripheral blood. A fraction of the pure progenitors is multipotent (generates mixed colonies) and exhibits self-renewal capacity (gives rise to blast cell colonies). This methodology provides a fundamental tool for basic and clinical studies on hematopoiesis. Optimal in vitro cloning of virtually pure progenitors requires not only the stimulatory effect of interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and erythropoietin, but also the permissive action of basic fibroblast growth factor. These findings suggest a regulatory role for this growth factor in early hematopoiesis.     

Phytochelatins: the principal heavy-metal complexing peptides of higher plants

A set of novel heavy-metal complexing peptides was isolated from plant cell suspension cultures; the structure of the peptides was established as (gamma-glutamic acid-cysteine)n-glycine (n = 3 to 7). These peptides appear upon induction of plant cells with heavy metals and represent the principal metal-binding activities in the cells. The name phytochelatin is proposed for this new class of natural products.     

Brevicomin: principal sex attractant in the frass of the female western pine beetle

The principal component of the sex attractant produced by the female western pine beetle (Dendrotonus brevicomis) is exo-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane; the trivial name brevicomin is suggested.     

Differentiating farmers: opening the black box of private farming in post-Soviet states

This paper addresses the question of farmer objectives associated with private farming in Eastern Europe. Drawing on qualitative interviews with private farmers in Bulgaria and southern Russia, the instrumental objectives of business development and job-replacement consistent with recent literature are demonstrated, but also intrinsic, social, and personal objectives, such as enjoyment of agricultural production, desire for independence, and proving oneself. These objectives are described in relation to associated farm size, investment practices, and succession plans, resulting in five idealized farming types which are similar in the two study states: agribusinessmen, primary farmers, pluriactive farmers, reluctant farmers, and minority horticulturalists. It is argued that differences in farming objectives have important implications for farming longevity and succession, opening up a research agenda for the study of private farming in post-Soviet states.     

葡萄渣中提取酒石酸影响因素的多元回归分析

研究了提取时间、提取温度、pH值、提取液料比4个因素对葡萄渣中酒石酸提取量的影响,建立多元回归模型.将4个主要因素进行正交实验,建立多元回归模型确定4个提取因素与酒石酸提取量之间的数量关系.结果表明,提取时间sh、提取温度75℃、pH值5.0、提取液料比1:3为最佳提取条件,最优提取量为0.113 g,多元回归模型中提取时间、提取温度、pH值与提取量呈正相关关系,液料比与提取量呈负相关关系.     

“生姜、稻、菜”三熟高产高效栽培技术

浙江省景宁县梅坑、王处、坟前、叶处、后坪、北岸等村,在不断调整优化农田种植结构的探索中,为努力提高农田的种植效益,充分调动农民种粮的积极性,缓和市场蔬菜供应紧张的矛盾,促进效益农业深入持久地向前发展,在农技人员的指导下,积极动员农民进行了生姜、水稻、盘菜三熟制的试验示范,并取得了亩产"千斤粮、万元钱"的显著效益.目前生姜、稻、菜三熟制种植新模式已在畲乡景宁农村全面推广.为提高姜、稻、菜的种植效益,现将主要栽培技术整理报道如下,供各地参考.     

杧果转录因子BES1s家族全基因组鉴定及生物信息学分析

BES1/BZR1是植物中特有的一类转录因子且是油菜素内酯(BR)信号转导途径的唯一转录因子,为探讨其在植物抗病抗逆反应中的作用,本研究通过运用生物信息学研究方法分析了杧果BES1s家族成员的理化性质、结构域、蛋白质结构和在不同胁迫条件下的基因表达。研究表明,杧果BES1s家族理化性质预测结果显示,成员外显子个数相差较大;结构域预测结果显示,杧果BES1s成员均具有BES1_N结构域;系统进化分析和二级结构表明,成员可分成3组,不同组之间成员存在较大差异、蛋白质三级结构预测结果显示,存在3种结构。在qRT-PCR法测定基因表达量中发现,在胶孢炭疽菌(Cg)侵染过程中MiBES1.1和MiBES1.5持续上调表达;MiBES1.12和MiBES1.13持续下调表达。在细菌性黑斑病菌(Xcm)侵染过程中,在12 h时除MiBES1.7和MiBES1.9,其他成员上调表达;在3 h时MiBES1.1~MiBES1.5和MiBES1.11下调表达。在茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理过程中,MiBES1.7、MiBES1.9和MiBES1.2持续下调表达;在48 h时,除MiBES1.5和MiBES1.11~MiBES1.13其他成员下调表达。本研究结果可为杧果BES1s家族成员基因的功能研究提供依据。     

一例黄沙鳖红脖子病的病原菌鉴定与防治

从患红脖子病黄沙鳖的肝脏、肺脏分离到一株细菌,人工感染黄沙鳖证实为该病的病原菌。对该菌的形态特征、生理生化进行分析和双重PCR鉴定,确定为携带气溶素(aer)基因的致病性嗜水气单胞菌。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对头孢哌酮、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星3种药物敏感;选用头孢哌酮和恩诺沙星对该病进行防治,获得较好的治疗和控制效果。     

海水和半咸水主要养殖鱼类对营养物质的需要

综述了国内外有关尖吻鲈（Ｌａｔｅｓ ｃａｌｃａｒｉｆｅｒ）、石斑鱼（Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）、遮目鱼（Ｃｈａｎｏｓ ｃｈａｎｏｓ Ｆｏｒｓｓｋａｌ）、蓝子鱼（Ｇｉｇａｎｕｓ ｓｐ．）和鲈类等主要养殖鱼类对蛋白质、脂类、维生素和矿物质等的需要量,为科学配制饲料提供理论依据。     

东方百合西伯利亚花粉生活力测定及其主要影响因子

以东方百合西伯利亚花粉为试材,采用TTC染色法和离体培养基萌发测定法,研究其生活力的变化规律,以及培养基中糖的种类和浓度、培养温度、硼酸、钙离子等因素对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的影响.结果表明:开花后2 d的花粉生活力最高,达89%;蔗糖培养基更有利于花粉的萌发;光照条件下25 ℃时萌发率最高,达70%以上;在一定浓度范围内,钙离子对花粉的萌发率影响不大,主要影响花粉萌发速度和花粉管长度;硼是花粉管萌发所必需的元素,硼酸对花粉萌发率的影响比较明显,在一定浓度范围内,随着硼酸浓度的增加花粉的萌发率下降.     

An antagonistic pair of FT homologs mediates the control of flowering time in sugar beet

Cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are unable to form reproductive shoots during the first year of their life cycle. Flowering only occurs if plants get vernalized, that is, pass through the winter, and are subsequently exposed to an increasing day length (photoperiod) in spring. Here, we show that the regulation of flowering time in beets is controlled by the interplay of two paralogs of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene in Arabidopsis that have evolved antagonistic functions. BvFT2 is functionally conserved with FT and essential for flowering. In contrast, BvFT1 represses flowering and its down-regulation is crucial for the vernalization response in beets. These data suggest that the beet has evolved a different strategy relative to Arabidopsis and cereals to regulate vernalization.     

在课堂教学中要体现学员的主体性地位

在教学活动中,学员居于主体性地位。如何在教学过程中确保学员的主体性地位,是每一位教员应该弄清的问题。本文阐述了学员主体性地位的内涵,并联系教学实际分析了在课堂教学中体现学员主体性的方法,从而达到使学习成为学员内在需要的目的。     

Galactonic Acid in galactosemia: identification in the urine

Galactose is converted to galactonic acid in vivo in man. Galactonate was isolated from the urine of galactosemia patients who had been given galactose orally. The identity of the galactonate was established by gas-liquid chromatography and by the preparation of derivatives.