杂交水稻制种田稻粒黑粉病防治技术

稻粒黑粉病是一种由真菌侵染引起的病害，病菌的厚垣孢子在土壤种子上越冬，种子带病菌是侵染源之一，但以土壤表面菌源为主。当第2年水稻开花期，病菌萌发产生小孢子并随水、随风飘散，侵入水稻花器，病菌菌丝在谷粒颖花内蔓延，使米粒不成形，种子成熟后，部分病粒颖花随雨开裂，病菌粘到附近健粒上或落人土壤中越冬。此病在开花到乳熟期最易感病，     

论水稻制种稻粒黑粉病的发病规律及防治技术

随着70年代中后期杂交水稻推广以来,稻粒黑粉病在水稻制种田危害日趋严重,一般年份影响产量10%左右,重发年份20%以上,严重影响了杂交水稻制种的高产稳产。为了有效防治稻粒黑粉病,查阅了有关资料报道,并作一些试验和调查,对其发病规律有了新的认识。本文主要通过该病的发生规律,提出农业防治和化学防治等综合防治技术措施,从而取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

铜仁地区杂交水稻制种田稻粒黑粉病的发生特点及防治技术

稻粒黑粉病是杂交水稻制种生产后期的一种重要病害,不仅造成大幅度的减产,还会严重影响种子的质量及其商品品质。铜仁地区从事杂交水稻制种生产已有20多年历程是贵州省的主要水稻种子生产基地之一,同时也是稻粒黑粉病的重发病区。多年的田间调查资料显示,稻粒黑粉病的发病率都在9.61%以上,严重的高达50%以上。平均每年因稻粒黑粉病损失的制种产量在20%以上。为了有效控制这一病害,我们从2004年开始对黑粉病进行了全面系统的观察研究,初步搞清了稻粒黑粉病的发生特点,并总结提出了其农业综合防治技术措施。通过2006-2007年在生产实际中的应用,防效十分明显,治理区发病率控制5%以下。     

克黑净防治杂交水稻制种田稻粒黑粉病效果

克黑净防治杂交水稻制种田稻粒黑粉病效果江西省上高县种子公司陈国梁铜鼓县良种公司吴德成，付仲礼，揭经伦稻粒黑粉病已成为杂交水稻繁殖制种的主要病害，有效地防治黑粉病的发生，对提高种子产量和质量具有重要意义。为此，１９９３年我们引进浙农大研制生产的克黑净，...     

农药使用与植保技术问与答

正问:水稻后期防治稻曲病用什么药防效最好也最经济?答:稻曲病病菌以菌核、厚垣孢子在土壤、稻种越冬,次年在温湿度适宜的条件下萌发成为初侵染源,侵染水稻引发病害。水稻孕穗期是易感病期,孕穗末至破口期是稻曲病厚垣孢子主要侵染时期。水稻破口后9~12天即灌浆期开始发病,发病过程表现为先急后缓,在前期有一个发病高峰,一般     

杂交稻制种田稻粒黑粉病的发生规律与防治

稻粒黑粉病俗名乌谷、黑谷病,属于真菌型病害,是杂交水稻制种生产上的主要病害之一,其重点表现在不育系上.笔者根据多年来的实践探索,特对该病发生规律及防治措施作如下的浅述.     

杂交粳稻繁制种田稻曲病的综合防治

杂交粳稻繁制种田稻曲病的综合防治安徽省庐江县种子公司刘平　　稻曲病是由一种真菌侵染引起的病害，以菌核在土壤和厚垣孢子在病粒上越冬。菌核萌发产生子囊孢子。这两种孢子均借气流传播，侵害水稻花器和幼颖，抽穗扬花期遇多雨、高温及过量施用氮肥则会使病害加重。稻...     

水稻破口前合理用药防治稻曲病和稻瘟病

正针对杂交水稻易感染稻曲病问题,现专家作出如下指导,以供参考。稻曲病重点在水稻破口前5～7天用药预防稻曲病病菌以菌核、厚垣孢子在土壤、稻种和其他基地或寄主上越冬,次年在温湿度适宜的条件下萌发成为初侵染源,从而侵染水稻引发病害。水稻孕穗末期至破口期是稻曲病厚垣孢子的主要侵染时期,从水稻破口后9～12天即灌浆期开始发病,发病过程表现为先急后缓,在前期有一个发病高峰,一般为害稻穗上的个别谷粒。     

带叶抽雄要预防黑粉病

带叶抽雄要预防黑粉病山西省寿阳县种子公司吴晋海，葛保剑黑粉病也称黑穗病。这种病在几种禾本科作物上均有发生，玉米、高粱尤为严重和普遍。土壤中病残株上的厚垣孢子是传染的主要来源，种皮上粘着的孢子也可以传播。当种子发芽时病菌也萌发，侵染幼苗，最后破坏穗部成...     

播前用药处理玉米种子能减轻瘤黑粉病发生

正近日,有读者咨询玉米瘤黑粉病是不是种传病害?用药处理种子后仍有发病,这是什么原因?玉米瘤黑粉病是一种土壤传播、局部侵染的病害,一般造成玉米减产20%～30%,严重时能导致绝收。该病病菌以冬孢子在田间土壤中、病残株上以及混在粪肥中越冬,成为来年主要初侵染源。越冬冬孢子在条件适宜时产生担孢子和次生担孢子,二者经风雨传播到玉米幼嫩组织上,萌发并直接穿透寄主表皮或经伤口侵入。菌丝在组织中生长发     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.